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Digital Services in International Trade Law [Kõva köide]

(Sidley Austin LLP, Brussels)
  • Formaat: Hardback, 430 pages, kõrgus x laius x paksus: 235x158x28 mm, kaal: 770 g, Worked examples or Exercises
  • Sari: Cambridge International Trade and Economic Law
  • Ilmumisaeg: 30-Sep-2021
  • Kirjastus: Cambridge University Press
  • ISBN-10: 1108837530
  • ISBN-13: 9781108837538
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Digital Services in International Trade LawSuurem pilt
  • Formaat: Hardback, 430 pages, kõrgus x laius x paksus: 235x158x28 mm, kaal: 770 g, Worked examples or Exercises
  • Sari: Cambridge International Trade and Economic Law
  • Ilmumisaeg: 30-Sep-2021
  • Kirjastus: Cambridge University Press
  • ISBN-10: 1108837530
  • ISBN-13: 9781108837538
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Püsilink: https://www.kriso.ee/db/9781108837538.html
Märksõnad:
This book provides the first comprehensive analysis of the applicability of international trade law to digital services. It introduces the reader to the concept of digital services trade. It maps existing rules applicable to digital services trade , both at the multilateral and regional level, with illustrative case studies.

Digitisation has significantly impacted international trade. This book explains the impact of digitisation on trade in services, the ensuing concept of 'digital services' and the different types of trade barriers these services face. This book establishes that the legal framework that applies to trade in services also applies to digital services. It elaborates on the scope of the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS) and how to classify digital services. The relevant GATS obligations are subsequently applied to several case studies that illustrate the barriers to digital services trade. These case studies demonstrate the impact of the applicability of GATS to digital services on countries' international obligations. Finally, the book maps the electronic commerce-related provisions in in regional trade agreements (RTAs). Six extensive e-commerce RTAs are compared in depth and it is considered whether they add substantially to the existing multilateral obligations applicable to digital services trade.

Muu info

The first comprehensive analysis of the applicability of international trade law to digital services at multilateral and regional levels.
List of Figures xvii
List of Tables xviii
WTO Cases xix
E-commerce RTAs xxiii
List of Abbreviations xxxiv
Introduction The Uruguay Round and the Advent of the Internet 1(4)
Part I Digitisation and International Trade 5(84)
1 Digitisation and Its Terminology
7(27)
1.1 Digital Platforms
9(2)
1.2 Digital Products
11(13)
1.2.1 The Classification of Digital Products
12(3)
1.2.2 The EU-US Juxtaposition
15(2)
1.2.3 Practical Considerations in This Debate
17(3)
1.2.4 Change in Means of Delivery or Change in Nature of the Product?
20(2)
1.2.5 Digital Content
22(2)
1.3 Cross-border Data Flows
24(6)
1.3.1 What Is Data?
24(3)
1.3.2 Cross-border Data Flows
27(3)
1.4 The Internet as a Network of Networks
30(4)
1.4.1 Competition Aspects of the Internet
31(1)
1.4.2 Interoperability
32(2)
2 The Impact of Digitisation on International Trade
34(21)
2.1 The Benefits of Digitisation
36(3)
2.2 Issues Faced by the Digital Economy
39(5)
2.3 Impact on Services Trade Specifically
44(3)
2.4 The Digital Economy Framework and Digital Services
47(8)
2.4.1 Delineating the Digital Economy
47(4)
2.4.2 Defining Digital Services
51(1)
2.4.3 Two Groups of Digital Services for Sake of Classification
52(3)
3 Barriers to Digital Services Trade
55(34)
3.1 General Services Barriers Impacting Trade in Digital Services
58(3)
3.2 Restrictions on Cross-border Data Transfer
61(12)
3.2.1 Data Localisation Requirements
64(5)
3.2.2 Examples of Members Restricting Cross-border Data Flows
69(4)
3.3 Web Filtering and Content Control
73(1)
3.4 Other Barriers and Obstacles to Digital Services Trade
74(12)
3.4.1 Limited Access to Infrastructure
74(5)
3.4.2 Ban on Cross-border Supply through Electronic Means
79(1)
3.4.3 Digital Taxes
79(4)
3.4.4 Restrictions on Intellectual Property Rights
83(3)
3.5 Summary
86(3)
Part II Classification of Digital Services 89(90)
4 Digital Services and the GATS
91(26)
4.1 Peculiarities of the GATS: Modes of Supply and Schedules of Specific Commitments
91(3)
4.2 The Position of Digital Services within the GATS
94(14)
4.2.1 The Scope of the GATS
96(2)
4.2.2 Modes of Supply and Electronic Delivery
98(5)
4.2.3 The Principle of Technological Neutrality
103(5)
4.3 The WTO's Relationship with Digital Services Trade -A Short History of the WTO Work Programme on E-commerce
108(9)
4.3.1 Origin and Scope of the WPEC
108(2)
4.3.2 Progress in the WPEC throughout the Years
110(4)
4.3.3 The Plurilateral Negotiations on Electronic Commerce
114(3)
5 Classification of Digital Services within the GATS Framework
117(62)
5.1 Services Classification
118(9)
5.1.1 GATS Services Classification
118(8)
5.1.2 Other Services Classification Systems and Choice for the CPC
126(1)
5.2 Classification Typology
127(4)
5.2.1 Textual Approach
128(1)
5.2.2 Components-based Approach
129(1)
5.2.3 Functional or Teleological Approach
130(1)
5.3 Digital Infrastructure Services
131(16)
5.3.1 Criticising the Outdated Distinction between Basic and Value-Added Telecommunications Services
132(7)
5.3.2 ... and Trying to Clarify the Distinction between Transmission and Content?
139(2)
5.3.3 Applicability of the Annex on Telecommunications
141(2)
5.3.4 Application of the Classification Methodology
143(4)
5.4 Digitally Enabled Services
147(26)
5.4.1 Digitisation and the Advent of Digitally Enabled Services
147(2)
5.4.2 Are We Being Confronted with New Services? Confusion Caused by Convergence
149(8)
5.4.3 Are We Being Confronted with New Services? Confusion Caused by New Business Models
157(3)
5.4.4 'Services Supplied on a Commercial Basis': Advertisements as Only Source of Revenue
160(2)
5.4.5 Relation of Data Flows to Digitally Enabled Services
162(1)
5.4.6 Application of the Classification Methodology
163(10)
5.5 Recommendations for Scheduling Digital Services
173(2)
5.6 Summary
175(4)
Part III Addressing Barriers at the WTO Level 179(106)
6 WTO Instruments Applicable to Digital Services Trade
181(54)
6.1 GATS Obligations Applicable to Digital Services Trade
181(51)
6.1.1 General Obligations
183(6)
6.1.2 Obligations Subject to Specific Commitments
189(21)
6.1.3 Annexes and Protocols
210(13)
6.1.4 Exceptions
223(8)
6.1.5 The GATS Obligations Are Applicable to Digital Services
231(1)
6.2 The Information Technology Agreement
232(3)
7 GATS Consistency of Barriers to Digital Services Trade
235(50)
7.1 Restrictions on Cross-border Data Transfer
236(20)
7.1.1 Case Study: Russia's Amended Law on Personal Data
242(7)
7.1.2 Case Study: EU's General Data Protection Regulation
249(7)
7.2 Web Filtering and Content Control
256(13)
7.2.1 Case Study: China's Great Firewall - The Measure(s)
256(4)
7.2.2 Case Study: China's Great Firewall - GATS Consistency
260(9)
7.3 Other Barriers and Obstacles to Digital Services Trade
269(14)
7.3.1 Lack of Access to Infrastructure
269(7)
7.3.2 Ban on Cross-border Supply through Electronic Means
276(1)
7.3.3 Digital Services Taxes
277(3)
7.3.4 Restrictions on Intellectual Property Rights
280(3)
7.4 Summary
283(2)
Part IV Addressing Barriers at the RTA Level 285(86)
8 Evolution of E-commerce-Related Provisions in RTAs
287(49)
8.1 E-commerce Provisions at the Regional Level
287(11)
8.1.1 The Regional Level of International Trade Agreements as Gap-Filler for the Multilateral Level
288(4)
8.1.2 Categorisation of E-commerce-Related Provisions
292(6)
8.2 Selection of RTAs and Method of Analysis
298(9)
8.2.1 How the Relevant RTAs Were Selected
298(4)
8.2.2 Descriptive Statistics to Analyse E-commerce Provisions in RTAs
302(5)
8.3 General Observations and Historical Perspective
307(20)
8.3.1 Use of All the Terms in the RTAs
312(6)
8.3.2 Average Use of Terms over the Years
318(9)
8.4 Comparing E-commerce Terms on the Basis of Geographical Region and Income Level
327(9)
9 How Extensive E-commerce RTAs Address Barriers to Digital Services Trade
336(35)
9.1 Selection of RTAs for Deeper Examination
336(5)
9.2 Comparing Definition, Approach to Technological Neutrality and 'New Services'
341(4)
9.3 Comparing Architectural Features and Scope
345(4)
9.4 Addressing Specific Barriers and Obstacles to Digital Services Trade in the Selected RTAs
349(15)
9.4.1 Non-discrimination and Market Access Obligations
349(3)
9.4.2 Restrictions on Cross-border Data Transfers
352(7)
9.4.3 Web Filtering and Content Control
359(3)
9.4.4 Digital Taxes
362(2)
9.5 Summary
364(7)
Conclusions 371(7)
Bibliography 378(13)
Index 391
Ines Willemyns is an associate at Sidley Austin LLP in Brussels, focussing her practice on international and European trade law. Before joining Sidley, Ines was a research assistant at KU Leuven and interned at the AB Secretariat of the WTO. Ines' research has been published in leading journals on international trade law.