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Discontinuity in Second Language Acquisition: The Switch between Statistical and Grammatical Learning [Kõva köide]

  • Formaat: Hardback, 272 pages, kõrgus x laius x paksus: 210x148x20 mm, kaal: 458 g
  • Sari: Second Language Acquisition
  • Ilmumisaeg: 12-Sep-2014
  • Kirjastus: Multilingual Matters
  • ISBN-10: 1783092467
  • ISBN-13: 9781783092468
Teised raamatud teemal:
  • Formaat: Hardback, 272 pages, kõrgus x laius x paksus: 210x148x20 mm, kaal: 458 g
  • Sari: Second Language Acquisition
  • Ilmumisaeg: 12-Sep-2014
  • Kirjastus: Multilingual Matters
  • ISBN-10: 1783092467
  • ISBN-13: 9781783092468
Teised raamatud teemal:
The acquisition of some morpho-syntactic features of a second language by adult learners may be a discontinuous process, suggests Rastelli, because the learning principles and the brain structures that have supported the acquisition of those features up to a certain point can be juxtaposed with different learning principles and different brain structures. The latter principles and structures do not replace the former, he says, but cohabitate with them, so that the second language representations after a point of rupture may duplicate in a learner's competence. He considers discontinuity as chunks feed into grammar, in the maturing and adapting brain, and in the neurocognition of a second language. He also considers the statistical learning of a second language and parts of second-language grammar that resist statistical learning. Distributed in the US by UTP Distribution. Annotation ©2014 Ringgold, Inc., Portland, OR (protoview.com)

With a focus on the morphosyntactic features of second language, this book discusses the idea that language acquisition is a discontinuous and 'quantized' process due to the existence of two different - albeit interconnected - ways of learning: Statistical Learning and Grammatical Learning. It describes how the switch between ways of learning could take place and its developmental implications for adult SLA.

Arvustused

The first quality distinguishing the Italian psycholinguist Stefano Rastellis book Discontinuity in Second Language Acquisition: The Switch between Statistical and Grammatical Learning (henceforth, Discontinuity) is its coherence as a single-author volume focused entirely on SLA, predominantly by adults. The second is the breadth and depth of Rastellis knowledge of current theory and research in linguistics, cognitive psychology, neurolinguistics, and SLA, and his ability to synthesize and integrate work from all four. The third is the originality of his perspective. -- Michael H. Long, University of Maryland, US * Applied Linguistics 2016: 18 *

1 Second Language Acquisition Facit Saltus (`Takes a Leap')
1(42)
1.1 Preview of the Volume: Second Language Acquisition in Adulthood is a Discontinuous Process
1(2)
1.2 The Term `Discontinuity' and its Meaning for SLA
3(2)
1.3 The Core Idea of the Discontinuity Hypothesis
5(3)
1.4 `Gemination' of the Same Twice-learned Items in a Learner's Competence
8(1)
1.5 Second Language Acquisition is `Quantized'
9(2)
1.6 Falsifiability Criteria for the Discontinuity Hypothesis
11(4)
1.7 Increasing Amount of Exposure to Input Cannot Explain All Developmental Transition States
15(2)
1.8 Discontinuity is Neither Automatization Nor Restructuring
17(2)
1.9 Discontinuity Does Not Mirror the Lexicon/Grammar Distinction
19(1)
1.10 Discontinuity Operationalizes Two Different Kinds of L2 Grammar
20(2)
1.11 Discontinuity Differs From Developmental Theories of `Incrementalism'
22(2)
1.12 Diagnostics of Discontinuity
24(4)
1.13 Discontinuity and Individual Differences
28(3)
1.14 Credits
31(8)
1.15 Breakdown of the Volume
39(4)
2 Discontinuity as Chunks Feed into Grammar
43(21)
2.1
Chapter Preview: Frequency Takes the Floor
43(1)
2.2 Three Aspects of the `Frequency Factor' in Language Processing and Language Acquisition
44(1)
2.3 Chunks, Not Formulas, Are the Building Blocks of SL
45(3)
2.4 Chunks Feed into L2 Grammar
48(3)
2.5 Chunks Feed into L2 Constructions
51(1)
2.6 One Example of Gemination of TL Representation in L2 Italian
52(6)
2.7 How Much Grammar Can Be Found in Chunks and Constructions
58(2)
2.8 Chunking (and SL) Operates on Sociolinguistic Variants as Well
60(2)
2.9 To Sum Up: Some Language Properties Are Not a Property of Input
62(2)
3 Discontinuity in the Maturing and in the Adapting Brain
64(32)
3.1
Chapter Preview: Discontinuity Across a Learner's Age
64(2)
3.2 Beyond the `Fundamental Difference' Versus `Full Access' Debate
66(2)
3.3 Learning by Patches is Typical of Adult SLA
68(1)
3.4 Discontinuity in Brain Maturation and Brain Adaptation
69(1)
3.5 The Difference Between a `Sensitive' and a `Critical' Period for Language Acquisition
70(2)
3.6 Discontinuity in the Maturing Brain
72(6)
3.7 Lifelong Effects of the Early Acquisition of Additional Languages
78(2)
3.8 Discontinuity and an Adult's Brain Adaptation
80(1)
3.9 The Critical Period Hypothesis Revised
81(3)
3.10 Specific Features of SLA in Adulthood
84(9)
3.11 To Sum Up: The Balance Between Loss and Compensation in Late SLA
93(3)
4 Discontinuity and the Neurocognition of Second Language
96(39)
4.1
Chapter Preview: Discontinuity Fits a Divergence Model of L1--L2 Acquisition
96(1)
4.2 The Notion of Convergence and the Single-network Hypothesis
97(1)
4.3 The Notion of Divergence and the Declarative/Procedural Model
98(1)
4.4 The Declarative/Procedural Model
99(9)
4.5 Problems with the DPM (and Possible Integrations)
108(6)
4.6 Discontinuity and L2 Neurocognition: Experimental Studies
114(9)
4.7 Studies Questioning the Developmental Relevance of the N400/P600 Dichotomy
123(1)
4.8 What is Learned at Discrete Stages of Learning is Just Combinatorial Grammar
124(4)
4.9 The N400--P600 Dichotomy Could Reveal L1--L2 Common Processing Strategies
128(1)
4.10 A Different View of the N400--P600 `Biphasic Pattern': Neural Cues of Gemination in L2 Processing and Representations
129(2)
4.11 To Sum Up: SL and GL Divide the Labor of SLA in Adulthood
131(4)
5 Statistical Learning of a Second Language
135(43)
5.1
Chapter Preview: What Parts of the L2 Are Affected by SL
135(1)
5.2 The Distinction Between Combinatorial and Non-combinatorial Grammar
136(2)
5.3 Second Language Acquisition as a Form of Supervised SL
138(1)
5.4 Did the SL Approach Change the Problem of Language Acquisition
139(1)
5.5 Is Probabilistic Information also Relevant to the Structural Properties of the Language
140(3)
5.6 Syntax that Can Be Learned Statistically (in a Miniature Artificial Grammar)
143(3)
5.7 The Potential Contribution of SL for the Acquisition of L2 Syntax
146(5)
5.8 On Syntax as `Structural Integration': P600 Effects also Signal Identical Violations in Non-linguistic Domains
151(3)
5.9 Are the Patterns that Statistical Learners Extract from the Input Actually `Syntactic Structures'
154(4)
5.10 Adjacency, Non-adjacency and SL
158(3)
5.11 Non-adjacent Dependencies in SL Correspond to What We Have Previously Labeled as Combinatorial Grammar
161(5)
5.12 Neural Correlates of the Processing of Supra-regular (Phrase-Structures) Versus Regular (Finite State) Grammars
166(6)
5.13 What `L2 Chunks Feed Into Grammar' Means in the Perspective of SL
172(3)
5.14 To Sum Up: The Distinctive Features of SL and Discontinuity in SLA
175(3)
6 Parts of L2 Grammar That Resist Statistical Learning
178(42)
6.1
Chapter Preview: Two Kinds of Grammar, Two Kinds of Learning
178(1)
6.2 The Discontinuity from Statistical `Counting' to Grammatical `Computation'
179(1)
6.3 The Switch Between Concatenation and `External Merge'
180(8)
6.4 Discontinuity and Downstream, Top-down L2 Processing
188(2)
6.5 The Benefits of Frequency Do Not Extend to Displaced Items (`Internal Merge') and to Empty Categories
190(6)
6.6 There are Parts of the Second Language that Cannot Be Learned like a Song
196(1)
6.7 Non-combinatorial Grammar and Non-adjacency of Items in a Sentence
197(1)
6.8 Non-combinatorial Grammar and Long-distance Dependencies: The Shallow Structure Hypothesis
198(6)
6.9 Non-combinatorial Grammar at the Interfaces
204(9)
6.10 Non-combinatorial Grammar and Uninterpretable Features
213(2)
6.11 Non-combinatorial Grammar and Functional Morphology: The `Bottleneck' Hypothesis
215(1)
6.12 Is Non-combinatorial Grammar Important for SLA
216(2)
6.13 To Sum Up: Whether Something Can Be Learned or Not Depends on How it Can Be Learned
218(2)
Conclusions 220(5)
References 225(26)
Index 251
Stefano Rastelli teaches Second Language Acquisition at the Universities of Pavia and Verona, Italy. He is an associate member of CAROLE (Center for Advanced Research and Outreach in Language Education), University of Greenwich. His research focuses on second language processing and syntactic theory and he has published numerous research articles in international journals.