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xi | |
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xiii | |
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xv | |
Preface and acknowledgments |
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xvii | |
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Chapter 1 Introduction and overview |
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1 | (20) |
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1 | (2) |
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3 | (1) |
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1.3 The empirical domain: Discourse Structuring Markers |
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3 | (3) |
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6 | (6) |
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12 | (5) |
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17 | (4) |
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Chapter 2 Cognitive linguistics and construction grammar |
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21 | (12) |
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21 | (1) |
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2.2 Cognitive linguistics |
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21 | (2) |
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2.3 Goldberg's model of construction grammar |
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23 | (3) |
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2.4 Croft's (2001) model of a construction |
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26 | (1) |
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2.5 The semantics-pragmatics interface |
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27 | (3) |
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2.6 Summary of key points |
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30 | (3) |
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Chapter 3 A Diachronic Construction Grammar view of language change |
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33 | (26) |
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33 | (1) |
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3.2 What changes and how? |
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34 | (3) |
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3.2.1 "Usage changes" vs. "grammar changes" |
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34 | (2) |
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3.2.2 Innovation vs. change |
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36 | (1) |
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3.2.3 Gradualness vs. abruptness |
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36 | (1) |
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3.3 Mechanisms underlying change |
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37 | (7) |
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3.3.1 Neoanalysis, analogy, borrowing, and frequency |
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38 | (3) |
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3.3.2 Pragmatic inferencing |
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41 | (3) |
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3.4 Subjectification and intersubjectification |
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44 | (1) |
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3.5 Constructionalization and constructional changes |
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45 | (7) |
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3.6 A brief comparison of work on constructionalization and on grammaticalization |
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52 | (3) |
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55 | (3) |
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3.8 Summary of key points |
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58 | (1) |
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Chapter 4 Discourse Structuring Markers and some generalizations about how they arise |
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59 | (26) |
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59 | (1) |
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59 | (4) |
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4.2.1 Characteristics of Pragmatic Markers |
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60 | (1) |
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4.2.2 Characteristics of Discourse Markers |
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61 | (2) |
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4.3 Discourse Structuring Markers |
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63 | (6) |
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4.3.1 Constructional properties of Discourse Structuring Markers |
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64 | (3) |
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4.3.2 Types of Discourse Structuring Markers |
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67 | (1) |
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68 | (1) |
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4.4 Generalizations about the rise of Discourse Structuring Markers |
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69 | (5) |
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4.4.1 From Circumstance adverbial to [ [ Conjunct adverbial] ↔ [ Discourse Structuring Marker]] |
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69 | (3) |
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4.4.2 From monofunctional to multifunctional Discourse Structuring Marker function |
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72 | (1) |
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4.4.3 Contexts for the rise of Discourse Structuring Markers |
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73 | (1) |
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4.5 A preliminary case study: The development of after all |
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74 | (9) |
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4.5.1 After all in contemporary American English |
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75 | (1) |
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4.5.2 A sketch of the history of after all |
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76 | (7) |
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83 | (2) |
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Chapter 5 Alternative hypotheses about the rise of Discourse Markers |
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85 | (18) |
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85 | (1) |
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5.2 The grammaticalization hypothesis |
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86 | (4) |
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5.3 The pragmaticalization hypothesis |
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90 | (2) |
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5.4 The hypothesis of cooptation to thetical grammar |
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92 | (5) |
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5.5 The Diachronic Construction Grammar hypothesis |
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97 | (2) |
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5.6 Summary comparison of the four approaches |
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99 | (4) |
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Chapter 6 The development of elaborative markers |
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103 | (18) |
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103 | (2) |
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105 | (5) |
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6.3 Further and furthermore |
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110 | (4) |
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110 | (2) |
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112 | (2) |
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114 | (2) |
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116 | (2) |
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118 | (3) |
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Chapter 7 The development of contrastive markers |
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121 | (18) |
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121 | (1) |
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121 | (6) |
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121 | (2) |
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123 | (4) |
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127 | (8) |
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135 | (2) |
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137 | (2) |
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Chapter 8 The development of markers of "digressive" topic shift |
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139 | (16) |
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139 | (1) |
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140 | (7) |
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8.3 Three relatively unproductive markers of digression |
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147 | (4) |
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147 | (2) |
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8.3.2 Incidentally and parenthetically |
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149 | (2) |
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8.4 Some other alleged digressives |
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151 | (2) |
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153 | (2) |
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Chapter 9 The development of markers of Return to a prior topic |
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155 | (10) |
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155 | (2) |
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157 | (2) |
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159 | (2) |
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161 | (1) |
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162 | (2) |
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164 | (1) |
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Chapter 10 The development of combinations of DMs |
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165 | (26) |
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165 | (4) |
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10.2 DM combinations with also |
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169 | (5) |
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169 | (2) |
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171 | (1) |
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10.2.3 Combinations of two DMs with also |
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172 | (2) |
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10.3 The combination now then |
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174 | (5) |
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10.4 The rise of the combination Oh, by the way |
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179 | (5) |
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180 | (1) |
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181 | (3) |
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10.5 Oh combined with other DMs |
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184 | (1) |
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184 | (2) |
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186 | (5) |
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Part III Three open issues for a historical constructionalist perspective on pragmatics |
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Chapter 11 Subjectification, intersubjectification and the rise of DSMs |
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191 | (12) |
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191 | (1) |
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11.2 Characterizing subjectivity and intersubjectivity |
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192 | (1) |
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11.3 Characterizing subjectification and intersubjectification |
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193 | (5) |
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11.4 The relationship of textualization and (inter)subjectification in the development of DSMs |
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198 | (3) |
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11.4.1 Some generalizations |
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198 | (1) |
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11.4.2 Digressive markers, textualization, subjectification and intersubjectification |
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198 | (3) |
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11.5 Default features of a DSM construction |
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201 | (1) |
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202 | (1) |
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Chapter 12 Clausal positions of DMs |
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203 | (22) |
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203 | (4) |
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12.2 The main positions with respect to the clausal host |
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207 | (6) |
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12.2.1 Pre-clausal position |
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207 | (2) |
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12.2.2 Post-clausal position |
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209 | (3) |
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12.2.3 Clause-medial position |
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212 | (1) |
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12.3 A hypothesis about the relationship between subjectivity, intersubjectivity and position |
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213 | (1) |
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12.4 Two case studies revisited with position in focus |
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214 | (9) |
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12.4.1 Positions in which elaborative and contrastive after all is used |
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215 | (4) |
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12.4.2 Positions in which digressive by the way is used |
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219 | (4) |
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223 | (2) |
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Chapter 13 Changes in networks and nodes |
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225 | (14) |
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225 | (1) |
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13.2 The network metaphor |
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226 | (4) |
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13.2.1 "Vertical" inheritance networks |
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227 | (2) |
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13.2.2 "Horizontal" networks |
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229 | (1) |
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230 | (2) |
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13.3.1 Vertical inheritance networks and change |
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230 | (1) |
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13.3.2 Horizontal networks and change |
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231 | (1) |
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13.4 Representing changing networks |
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232 | (3) |
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13.5 Incorporating context into network models |
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235 | (2) |
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237 | (2) |
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Chapter 14 Conclusion and prospects |
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239 | (6) |
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239 | (1) |
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14.2 Summary of main points |
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239 | (4) |
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14.3 Some suggestions for further work |
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243 | (2) |
References |
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245 | (22) |
Names Index |
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267 | (4) |
Subject Index |
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271 | |