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1 | (16) |
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1.1 Background: Computer-Assisted Language Learning |
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2 | (2) |
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1.2 The Disruptive Potential of New Technologies |
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4 | (4) |
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8 | (3) |
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11 | (2) |
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13 | (4) |
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17 | (24) |
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2.1 Complex Systems Theory: System and Context |
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23 | (5) |
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2.1.1 Complex Systems Theory |
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23 | (2) |
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2.1.2 Complex Systems Theory and Applied Linguistics |
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25 | (3) |
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28 | (5) |
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29 | (2) |
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2.2.2 Tools Use and Mediation |
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31 | (2) |
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2.3 Theory of Multimodal Communication |
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33 | (2) |
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35 | (1) |
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35 | (6) |
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3 Human Meaning-Making: Communication Tools and Modes and Epistemic Practices |
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41 | (8) |
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3.1 Development of Tools and Modes of Communication |
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42 | (2) |
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3.2 Communication Modes and Their Affordances |
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44 | (2) |
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3.3 Development of Learning and the Use of Particular Modes of Communication |
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46 | (1) |
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47 | (2) |
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4 Computer-Mediated Communication and Meaning-Making in the Language Classroom: Disruptions in Learning and Teaching |
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49 | (52) |
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50 | (2) |
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4.2 Changes in Interaction Patterns |
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52 | (9) |
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4.2.1 Traditional Interaction Patterns in Language Education (Attractor 1) |
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52 | (4) |
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4.2.2 Active Meaning-Making and Negotiation of Meaning by Learners Online |
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56 | (4) |
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4.2.3 New Interlocutors and Multiple Resources |
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60 | (1) |
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4.3 Changes in Communication |
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61 | (17) |
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4.3.1 Communication in the Traditional Face-to-Face Language Classroom (Attractor 2) |
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61 | (3) |
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4.3.2 Written Computer-Mediated Communication Across Space and/or Time |
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64 | (4) |
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4.3.3 Social Presence in Online Communication |
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68 | (2) |
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4.3.4 Multimodal Communication and Its Use in the Classroom |
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70 | (4) |
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4.3.5 Multimodal Online Communication in Language Learning and Teaching Settings |
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74 | (4) |
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4.4 Changes in Learners' Positioning in Relation to the World |
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78 | (12) |
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4.4.1 Learner and Teacher Identities in the Traditional Language Classroom (Attractor 3) |
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79 | (1) |
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4.4.2 Constructed Identities, Imagined Communities and Online Affinity Spaces |
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80 | (5) |
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4.4.3 Linking the Language Learner with the Larger Social World |
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85 | (2) |
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4.4.4 Learning in the Wild |
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87 | (3) |
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4.5 A Phase Shift in Language Learning and Teaching |
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90 | (1) |
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91 | (10) |
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101 | (12) |
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5.1 What If Dichotomies That Have Been Axiomatic in Certain Linguistic Theories Obscure Insights into the Nature of Language and Its Learning Rather Than Facilitate Them? |
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102 | (1) |
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5.2 What If Applied Linguists Should Be Seeking to Explain How Language Learners Increase Their Participation in a Second Language Community Rather Than, or in Addition to, How They Acquire the Language of the Community? |
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103 | (1) |
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5.3 What If the Process of Learning and the Learners Cannot Be Usefully Separated? What If Individual Routes to Acquisition/Participation No Longer Need to Be Idealized A way? |
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104 | (1) |
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5.4 What If Learning Is Viewed as an Open, Continually Evolving, System Rather Than a Closed One? |
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104 | (1) |
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5.5 What If Learning a Language Is Not Only About Learning Conventions but also About Innovation and Creation? |
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105 | (1) |
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5.6 What If We Truly Understand That Teaching Does Not Cause Learning? |
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106 | (1) |
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5.7 What If Language Learning Tasks Are Not Viewed as Static Frames? What If They Are Seen Not as Providing Input but Instead as Providing Affordances? |
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106 | (1) |
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5.8 What If Understanding Through Talk Is the Result of the Dynamics of the System? What If All Aspects of Language Use Are Dialogic? |
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107 | (1) |
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5.9 What If Absolutist Prescriptions and Proscriptions About Teaching Are Doomed to Fail? |
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108 | (1) |
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5.10 A New Approach to Language Learning and Teaching |
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109 | (1) |
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109 | (4) |
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6 Implications for Teaching and for Research |
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113 | (14) |
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6.1 Implications for Teachers and Institutions |
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114 | (4) |
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6.2 Implications for Educational Policy |
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118 | (2) |
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6.3 Implications for Research and for Researchers |
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120 | (3) |
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123 | (4) |
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127 | (6) |
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128 | (1) |
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7.2 Digital Technologies Transforming the Way We Learn |
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129 | (2) |
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131 | (2) |
References |
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133 | (20) |
Index |
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153 | |