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Economic Aspects of Atomic Power [Pehme köide]

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  • Formaat: Paperback / softback, 320 pages, kõrgus x laius: 254x178 mm, kaal: 539 g
  • Sari: Princeton Legacy Library
  • Ilmumisaeg: 21-Mar-2017
  • Kirjastus: Princeton University Press
  • ISBN-10: 069162738X
  • ISBN-13: 9780691627380
Teised raamatud teemal:
Economic Aspects of Atomic PowerSuurem pilt
  • Formaat: Paperback / softback, 320 pages, kõrgus x laius: 254x178 mm, kaal: 539 g
  • Sari: Princeton Legacy Library
  • Ilmumisaeg: 21-Mar-2017
  • Kirjastus: Princeton University Press
  • ISBN-10: 069162738X
  • ISBN-13: 9780691627380
Teised raamatud teemal:
Püsilink: https://www.kriso.ee/db/9780691627380.html

Economists of the Cowles Commission of the University of Chicago present the first comprehensive study of the long-range effects on world economy of atomic power and its implications for industries producing oil, coal, and electric power. The study includes a consideration of the characteristics of atomic power, covering source and cost of fuels, type of equipment and initial investment required, etc., and an analysis, estimating the future effects of atomic power on residential heating and on the industries producing aluminum, iron and steel, flat glass, phosphate fertilizers, fixed nitrogen, chlorine, caustic soda, cement, bricks, railroad transportation. The final chapter discusses the possibilities of atomic power in industrialization of backward areas.

Originally published in 1950.

The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.

Preface vii
Part One. Economic Comparisons of Atomic and Conventional Power 1(78)
Chapter I Economic Characteristics of Atomic Power
3(37)
A Physical and Economic Features of Useful Atomic Power
5(14)
1 The Uses of Atomic Power
5(2)
2 Nuclear Fuel
7(6)
a Fuel Production and Consumption in the Nuclear Reactor
8(2)
b The Initial Investment of Fuel in the Nuclear Reactor
10(3)
3 Plant and Equipment
13(10)
a The Need for Conventional Facilities to Produce Electricity
14(1)
b The Need for Chemical Processing Facilities
15(2)
c Engineering Problems in Reactor Design
17(2)
B Uranium and Thorium Resources
19(4)
C The Cost of Atomic Power
23(10)
1 The Conceptual Basis of the Cost Estimates
23(1)
2 The Cost Estimates
24(17)
a Factors Used in Deriving Costs of Ordinary Thermal Electricity
24(1)
b Estimated Minimum Cost of Atomic Power
24(1)
c Cost Estimates Derived from Published Studies of Atomic Power
25(1)
1 Investment in Plant and Equipment
26(1)
2 The Rate of Fixed Charges on Investment
29(1)
3 The Total Cost of Producing Atomic Power
29(1)
4 Effects of Changing Some of the Basic Assumptions
30(3)
Appendix A. The Rate of Fixed Charges
33(2)
Appendix B. Some Economic Implications of the Control of Atomic Energy
35(5)
Chapter II The Cost of Electricity from Conventional Energy Sources
40(39)
A The World Map of Electricity Costs
41(24)
1 The Nature of the Cost Figures
41(9)
a The Hypothetical Thermal Electric Power Plant
41(2)
b The Cost of Fuel
43(1)
c Costs of Hydroelectric Power
44(1)
d Foreign Currency Conversions
45(5)
2 The Map Data Summarized
50(15)
a The Types of Information Contained
50(1)
1 For Thermal Electricity
51(1)
2 For Hydroelectricity
54(1)
b The Sources of Electric Power
54(1)
c The Costs of Electric Power
55(1)
1 Water Power
58(1)
2 Coal
60(2)
d Thermal Power Costs in the United States and the Soviet Union
62(2)
e Fuel Prices in 1946
64(1)
B The Significance of Differences in the Composition of Total Costs in Atomic Power and Conventional Power
65(16)
1 The Elements of Total Cost: Atomic Power and Conventional Thermal Power
65(1)
2 Trends in the Cost Components of Atomic Power and Conventional Power
65(2)
3 Technological Changes in Conventional Fuels
67(4)
4 Significance for Different Countries of Differences in the Composition of Total Costs
71(10)
a Interest on Investment
71(1)
b Foreign Exchange Requirements
72(4)
c Conclusions
76(3)
Part Two. Atomic Power in Selected Industries 79(138)
Chapter III The Industry Analyses: A Summary View
81(24)
A The Setting of the Problem
81(11)
1 The Purposes of an Analysis by Industries
81(1)
2 The Major Questions Raised in the Industry Analyses
82(1)
3 The Significance of the Industry Analyses for More General Economic Questions
83(3)
a Resource Saving
84(1)
b Economic Development
84(2)
4 The Selection of Industries
86(3)
5 The Cost of Atomic Power
89(3)
B Major Findings of the Industry Analyses
92(13)
1 Aluminum
93(1)
2 Chlorine-Caustic Soda
94(1)
3 Phosphate Fertilizer
95(1)
4 Cement
96(1)
5 Brick
97(1)
6 Flat Glass
98
7 Iron and Steel
94(7)
8 Railroad Transportation
101(2)
9 Residential Heating
103(2)
Chapter IV Aluminum 105.
A Processes of Production
105(2)
B Effects of Atomic Power on Costs and Production Sites
107(3)
1 The Importance of Electricity and Transportation in Production Costs
107(1)
2 The Possibility of Cost Reductions in Present Sites
108(1)
3 The Possibility of Locating Aluminum Reduction Plants at New Sites
108(2)
a Closer to Raw Materials
108(1)
b Closer to Market
109(1)
C Atomic Power and the Expansion of Aluminum Production
110(5)
1 Growth of Aluminum Demand
111(1)
2 Power Requirements of Increased Aluminum Production
112(2)
3 Aluminum Production from Ores other than Bauxite
114(1)
D Application of the Analysis to Other Countries
115(4)
Chapter V Chlorine and Caustic Soda
119(5)
A Processes of Production and Factors in the Location of Plants
119(2)
B Possible Economic Effects of Atomic Power
121(2)
1 The Importance of Power Costs
121(1)
2 Possible Cost Reductions From the Use of Atomic Power
121(2)
C Some General Conclusions
123(1)
Chapter VI Phosphate Fertilizers
124(11)
A Processes of Production and Factors in the Location of Plants
125(3)
1 The Sulfuric Acid Process
125(1)
2 The Electric Furnace Process
126(1)
3 Transportation Costs of Superphosphate Fertilizer: A Summary
127(1)
B Possible Economic Effects of Atomic Power
128(6)
1 Comparative Costs of the Sulfuric Acid Process and the Atomically Powered Electric Furnace in Producing Fertilizer Materials in Florida
130(2)
2 The Comparative Costs of Smelting Florida Rock in Florida and Elsewhere
132(2)
C General Conclusions
134(1)
Chapter VII Cement
135(9)
A The Process of Production and Factors in the Location of Plants
135(1)
B Comparative Fuel and Power Costs of Coal and Atomic Energy
136(6)
1 The Importance of Fuel and Power Costs
136(1)
2 Comparative Costs: Coal and Atomic Energy
136(12)
a Using Atomic Electricity for All Operations
136(3)
b Nuclear Reactors as a Source of Direct Heat and Electricity
139(3)
C Some General Conclusions
142(2)
Chapter VIII Brick
144(2)
Chapter IX Flat Glass
146(10)
A Processes of Production and Factors in the Location of Plants
146(2)
B Possible Effects of Atomic Power on Production Costs and Plant Location
148(6)
1 The Importance of Fuel and Power Costs
148(2)
2 Comparative Costs of Natural Gas and Electricity in Glass Production
150(1)
3 Possible Effects of Atomic Power
151(5)
a Production Costs in Present Locations
151(2)
b New Production Sites
153(1)
C General Conclusions
154(2)
Chapter X Iron and Steel
156(26)
A Production Process, Raw Materials, and Plant Location
156(3)
1 Production Process
156(1)
2 Plant Location and Integration
157(2)
a Integration and Scale of Production
157(1)
b Location of Production
157(2)
B Possible Effects of Atomic Power on Production Costs, Plant Location, and Integration
159(17)
1 Assumptions of the Analysis
159(1)
2 Effect on Costs, Assuming No Locational Changes, No Changes in Technology, and No Relative Increase in Electricity Consumption
160(1)
3 Effects of Atomic Power Allowing for the Possible Increase in the Relative Importance of Electric Furnace Steel Production
161(4)
a Comparative Costs of Steel Production by Open- Hearth and Electric Furnaces
161(1)
b Location Changes Resulting from Atomic Power-Based Electric Furnaces
162(3)
4 Effects of Atomic Power with Fundamental Changes in the Technology of Iron Ore Reduction, i.e. the Substitution of Electricity for Coking Coal
165(11)
a The Electric Smelting of Iron Ore
165(1)
1 Comparative Costs of Smelting in Electric Furnaces and Blast Furnaces
165(1)
2 Cost-Reducing Possibilities of Atomic Power in Major Steel Centers
166(1)
3 The Possibility of Iron Smelting in New Locations
167(1)
b Low Temperature Processes (Sponge Iron)
167(1)
1 Comparative Costs of Electrolytic Hydrogen Sponge Iron and Coke Blast Furnace Pig Iron
169(1)
a Fixed Charges
169(1)
b Operating Costs
169(1)
c Energy Requirements
170(1)
d By-product Credits
170(1)
2 Competitive Possibilities of Atomic Power in Major Steel Centers
170(1)
3 The Possibility of Iron Smelting in New Locations
172(1)
4 Some General Observations on Locational Factors in Hydrogen Reduction Using Atomic Power
174(2)
C The Use of New Iron and Steel Technology in the United States and Other Countries
176(6)
1 The Possible Importance of Electric Steel Furnace Operations
176(1)
2 The Possible Importance of Hydrogen Reduction
177(7)
a In the United States
177(1)
b In Other Countries
178(4)
Chapter XI Railroad Transportation
182(17)
A Comparative Costs of Different Forms of Railroad Motive Power
184(8)
1 The Cost of Railroad Motive Power
184(1)
2 Recent Tendencies in the Use of Railroad Motive Power
185(2)
3 Comparative Capital Requirements and Operating Costs: Diesel and Electric Motive Power
187(5)
a Capital Requirements
188(1)
b Operating Costs
189(3)
B Implications of Atomic Power for Railroad Electrification in the United States and Other Countries
192(4)
1 The United States
192(3)
2 Other Countries
195(1)
Appendix: On the Feasibility of Using Nuclear Power Plants in Rail-road Locomotives
196(3)
Chapter XII Residential Heating
199(18)
A The Use of Atomic Power in Residential Heating
200(2)
B The Cost of Atomic Energy in District Heating of Residences
202(8)
1 Distribution of Centrally Produced Heat
202(6)
a Peak Demand (Annual Plant Capacity)
202(3)
b Annual Requirements
205(1)
c The Cost of Heat Distribution
206(2)
2 Generation of Heat in a Nuclear Reactor
208(1)
3 The Significance of Heat Losses
209(1)
C The Economic Feasibility of Atomic-Powered District Heating
210(7)
Part Three. Atomic Power and Economic Development 217(66)
Chapter XIII The Effects of Atomic Power on National or Regional Economies
219(29)
A Possible Effects on the National Income
221(18)
1 Estimation of the Increase in Income
221(5)
2 Estimation of the Increased Demand for Energy
226(6)
3 "Trigger Effects"
232(2)
4 Economic Assumptions Involved in Estimates of Increased Income
234(3)
a The Full Employment of Resources
234(2)
b Sunk Capital Costs
236(1)
5 Long-term Repercussions
237(2)
a Changes in the Rate of Capital Accumulation
237(1)
b Changes in Population and the Labor Force
238(1)
c Long-term Repercussions: Changes in Technology
238(1)
B Possible Effects upon Location
239(7)
1 The Production Multiplier
241(1)
2 The Production Goods Multiplier
241(1)
3 The Consumption Multiplier
242(2)
a The Income Effect and the Consumption Multiplier
243(1)
4 The Capital Equipment Multiplier
244(1)
5 Source of the New Labor Force
245(1)
C Some General Conclusions
246(2)
Chapter XIV Atomic Power and the Industrialization of Backward Areas
248(35)
A Typical Stages of Industrialization Stage
249(4)
1 The Village Economy Stage
249(1)
2 The Single-Crop Economy Stage
250(1)
3 Initial Industrialization Stage
251(1)
4 The Introduction of Heavy Industry
252(1)
B Industrialization and Real Income
253(2)
C The Limiting Factors for Industrialization
255(11)
1 Capital
256(4)
2 Skills
260(1)
3 Power
261(3)
4 Mineral Resources
264(2)
D Prospects of Industrialization Through Atomic Power
266(17)
1 Capital Savings Through Atomic Power
267(3)
2 Regional Development and Atomic Energy
270(13)
Index 283