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Effective AWK Programming, 4e [Pehme köide]

4.16/5 (56 hinnangut Goodreads-ist)

Arnold Robbins

Formaat: Paperback / softback, 560 pages, kõrgus x laius x paksus: 233x177x30 mm, kaal: 968 g
Ilmumisaeg: 14-Apr-2015
Kirjastus: O'Reilly Media
ISBN-10: 1491904615
ISBN-13: 9781491904619

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Formaat: Paperback / softback, 560 pages, kõrgus x laius x paksus: 233x177x30 mm, kaal: 968 g
Ilmumisaeg: 14-Apr-2015
Kirjastus: O'Reilly Media
ISBN-10: 1491904615
ISBN-13: 9781491904619

Teised raamatud teemal:

Programming & scripting languages: general - (Hetkel poes: 1 nimetust)

Püsilink: https://www.kriso.ee/db/9781491904619.html

Märksõnad:

AWK (Computer program language)

When processing text files, the awk language is ideal for handling data extraction, reporting, and data-reformatting jobs. This practical guide serves as both a reference and tutorial for POSIX-standard awk and for the GNU implementation, called gawk. This book is useful for novices and awk experts alike. In this thoroughly revised edition, author and gawk lead developer Arnold Robbins describes the awk language and gawk program in detail, shows you how to use awk and gawk for problem solving, and then dives into specific features of gawk. System administrators, programmers, webmasters, and other power users will find everything they need to know about awk and gawk. You will learn how to: Format text and use regular expressions in awk and gawk Process data using awk's operators and built-in functions Manage data relationships using associative arrays Define your own functions "Think in awk" with two full chapters of sample functions and programs Take advantage of gawk's many advanced features Debug awk programs with the gawk built-in debugger Extend gawk by writing new functions in C or C++ This book is published under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License. You have the freedom to copy and modify this GNU manual. Royalties from the sales of this book go to the Free Software Foundation and to the author.

Foreword to the Third Edition

Foreword to the Fourth Edition

xvii

Preface

xix

Part I. The awk Language

1 Getting Started with awk

(18)

How to Run awk Programs

(8)

One-Shot Throwaway awk Programs

(1)

Running awk Without Input Files

(1)

Running Long Programs

(1)

Executable awk Programs

(1)

Comments in awk Programs

(1)

Shell Quoting Issues

(3)

Datafiles for the Examples

(1)

Some Simple Examples

(2)

An Example with Two Rules

(1)

A More Complex Example

(1)

awk Statements Versus Lines

(2)

Other Features of awk

(1)

When to Use awk

(1)

Summary

(2)

2 Running awk and gawk

(18)

Invoking awk

(1)

Command-Line Options

(7)

Other Command-Line Arguments

(1)

Naming Standard Input

(1)

The Environment Variables gawk Uses

(4)

The AWKPATH Environment Variable

(1)

The AWKLIBPATH Environment Variable

(1)

Other Environment Variables

(2)

gawk's Exit Status

(1)

Including Other Files into Your Program

(1)

Loading Dynamic Extensions into Your Program

(1)

Obsolete Options and/or Features

(1)

Undocumented Options and Features

(1)

Summary

(2)

3 Regular Expressions

(16)

How to Use Regular Expressions

(1)

Escape Sequences

(3)

Regular Expression Operators

(3)

Using Bracket Expressions

(2)

How Much Text Matches?

(1)

Using Dynamic Regexps

(1)

gawk-Specific Regexp Operators

(2)

Case Sensitivity in Matching

(2)

Summary

(1)

4 Reading Input Files

(34)

How Input Is Split into Records

(5)

Record Splitting with Standard awk

(3)

Record Splitting with gawk

(2)

Examining Fields

(1)

Nonconstant Field Numbers

(1)

Changing the Contents of a Field

(3)

Specifying How Fields Are Separated

(6)

Whitespace Normally Separates Fields

(1)

Using Regular Expressions to Separate Fields

(1)

Making Each Character a Separate Field

(1)

Setting FS from the Command Line

(1)

Making the Full Line Be a Single Field

(1)

Field-Splitting Summary

(1)

Reading Fixed-Width Data

(2)

Defining Fields by Content

(2)

Multiple-Line Records

(2)

Explicit Input with getline

(8)

Using getline with No Arguments

(1)

Using getline into a Variable

(1)

Using getline from a File

(1)

Using getline into a Variable from a File

(1)

Using getline from a Pipe

(1)

Using getline into a Variable from a Pipe

(1)

Using getline from a Coprocess

(1)

Using getline into a Variable from a Coprocess

(1)

Points to Remember About getline

(2)

Summary of getline Variants

(1)

Reading Input with a Timeout

(2)

Directories on the Command Line

(1)

Summary

(2)

5 Printing Output

(22)

The print Statement

(1)

print Statement Examples

(1)

Output Separators

(1)

Controlling Numeric Output with print

(1)

Using printf Statements for Fancier Printing

(7)

Introduction to the printf Statement

(1)

Format-Control Letters

(2)

Modifiers for printf Formats

(3)

Examples Using printf

(1)

Redirecting Output of print and printf

100

(3)

Special Files for Standard Preopened Data Streams

103

(1)

Special Filenames in gawk

104

(1)

Accessing Other Open Files with gawk

104

(1)

Special Files for Network Communications

104

(1)

Special Filename Caveats

105

(1)

Closing Input and Output Redirections

105

(3)

Summary

108

(3)

6 Expressions

111

(30)

Constants, Variables, and Conversions

111

(8)

Constant Expressions

111

(3)

Using Regular Expression Constants

114

(1)

Variables

115

(2)

Conversion of Strings and Numbers

117

(2)

Operators: Doing Something with Values

119

(8)

Arithmetic Operators

119

(2)

String Concatenation

121

(1)

Assignment Expressions

122

(3)

Increment and Decrement Operators

125

(2)

Truth Values and Conditions

127

(7)

True and False in awk

127

(1)

Variable Typing and Comparison Expressions

128

(4)

Boolean Expressions

132

(2)

Conditional Expressions

134

(1)

Function Calls

134

(2)

Operator Precedence (How Operators Nest)

136

(2)

Where You Are Makes a Difference

138

(1)

Summary

139

(2)

7 Patterns, Actions, and Variables

141

(32)

Pattern Elements

141

(7)

Regular Expressions as Patterns

142

(1)

Expressions as Patterns

142

(1)

Specifying Record Ranges with Patterns

143

(2)

The BEGIN and END Special Patterns

145

(2)

The BEGINFILE and ENDFILE Special Patterns

147

(1)

The Empty Pattern

148

(1)

Using Shell Variables in Programs

148

(1)

Actions

149

(1)

Control Statements in Actions

150

(10)

The if-else Statement

150

(1)

The while Statement

151

(1)

The do-while Statement

151

(1)

The for Statement

152

(2)

The switch Statement

154

(1)

The break Statement

155

(1)

The continue Statement

156

(1)

The next Statement

157

(1)

The nextfile Statement

158

(1)

The exit Statement

159

(1)

Predefined Variables

160

(12)

Built-in Variables That Control awk

160

(3)

Built-in Variables That Convey Information

163

(7)

Using ARGC and ARGV

170

(2)

Summary

172

(1)

8 Arrays in awk

173

(18)

The Basics of Arrays

173

(9)

Introduction to Arrays

173

(2)

Referring to an Array Element

175

(1)

Assigning Array Elements

176

(1)

Basic Array Example

177

(1)

Scanning All Elements of an Array

178

(1)

Using Predefined Array Scanning Orders with gawk

179

(3)

Using Numbers to Subscript Arrays

182

(1)

Using Uninitialized Variables as Subscripts

183

(1)

The delete Statement

184

(1)

Multidimensional Arrays

185

(2)

Scanning Multidimensional Arrays

187

(1)

Arrays of Arrays

187

(3)

Summary

190

(1)

9 Functions

191

(50)

Built-in Functions

191

(29)

Calling Built-in Functions

191

(1)

Numeric Functions

192

(2)

String-Manipulation Functions

194

(14)

Input/Output Functions

208

(3)

Time Functions

211

(6)

Bit-Manipulation Functions

217

(2)

Getting Type Information

219

(1)

String-Translation Functions

220

(1)

User-Defined Functions

220

(11)

Function Definition Syntax

221

(2)

Function Definition Examples

223

(1)

Calling User-Defined Functions

224

(5)

The return Statement

229

(1)

Functions and Their Effects on Variable Typing

230

(1)

Indirect Function Calls

231

(5)

Summary

236

(5)

Part II. Problem Solving with awk

10 A Library of awk Functions

241

(36)

Naming Library Function Global Variables

242

(1)

General Programming

243

(11)

Converting Strings to Numbers

244

(1)

Assertions

245

(2)

Rounding Numbers

247

(1)

The Cliff Random Number Generator

247

(1)

Translating Between Characters and Numbers

248

(2)

Merging an Array into a String

250

(1)

Managing the Time of Day

250

(2)

Reading a Whole File at Once

252

(1)

Quoting Strings to Pass to the Shell

253

(1)

Datafile Management

254

(5)

Noting Datafile Boundaries

254

(2)

Rereading the Current File

256

(1)

Checking for Readable Datafiles

257

(1)

Checking for Zero-Length Files

257

(1)

Treating Assignments as Filenames

258

(1)

Processing Command-Line Options

259

(5)

Reading the User Database

264

(5)

Reading the Group Database

269

(4)

Traversing Arrays of Arrays

273

(2)

Summary

275

(2)

11 Practical awk Programs

277

(50)

Running the Example Programs

277

(1)

Reinventing Wheels for Fun and Profit

278

(21)

Cutting Out Fields and Columns

278

(5)

Searching for Regular Expressions in Files

283

(4)

Printing Out User Information

287

(2)

Splitting a Large File into Pieces

289

(1)

Duplicating Output into Multiple Files

290

(2)

Printing Nonduplicated Lines of Text

292

(4)

Counting Things

296

(3)

A Grab Bag of awk Programs

299

(24)

Finding Duplicated Words in a Document

299

(1)

An Alarm Clock Program

300

(2)

Transliterating Characters

302

(2)

Printing Mailing Labels

304

(2)

Generating Word-Usage Counts

306

(2)

Removing Duplicates from Unsorted Text

308

(1)

Extracting Programs from Texinfo Source Files

309

(3)

A Simple Stream Editor

312

(2)

An Easy Way to Use Library Functions

314

(7)

Finding Anagrams from a Dictionary

321

(2)

And Now for Something Completely Different

323

(1)

Summary

323

(4)

Part III. Moving Beyond Standard awk with gawk

12 Advanced Features of gawk

327

(18)

Allowing Nondecimal Input Data

327

(1)

Controlling Array Traversal and Array Sorting

328

(6)

Controlling Array Traversal

328

(5)

Sorting Array Values and Indices with gawk

333

(1)

Two-Way Communications with Another Process

334

(3)

Using gawk for Network Programming

337

(1)

Profiling Your awk Programs

338

(4)

Summary

342

(3)

13 Internationalization with gawk

345

(12)

Internationalization and Localization

345

(1)

GNU gettext

346

(2)

Internationalizing awk Programs

348

(2)

Translating awk Programs

350

(3)

Extracting Marked Strings

350

(1)

Rearranging printf Arguments

351

(1)

awk Portability Issues

352

(1)

A Simple Internationalization Example

353

(2)

gawk Can Speak Your Language

355

(1)

Summary

355

(2)

14 Debugging awk Programs

357

(20)

Introduction to the gawk Debugger

357

(2)

Debugging in General

357

(1)

Debugging Concepts

358

(1)

awk Debugging

359

(1)

Sample gawk Debugging Session

359

(4)

How to Start the Debugger

359

(1)

Finding the Bug

360

(3)

Main Debugger Commands

363

(11)

Control of Breakpoints

364

(1)

Control of Execution

365

(2)

Viewing and Changing Data

367

(2)

Working with the Stack

369

(1)

Obtaining Information About the Program and the Debugger State

369

(3)

Miscellaneous Commands

372

(2)

Readline Support

374

(1)

Limitations

374

(1)

Summary

375

(2)

15 Arithmetic and Arbitrary-Precision Arithmetic with gawk

377

(16)

A General Description of Computer Arithmetic

377

(2)

Other Stuff to Know

379

(2)

Arbitrary-Precision Arithmetic Features in gawk

381

(1)

Floating-Point Arithmetic: Caveat Emptor!

382

(6)

Floating-Point Arithmetic Is Not Exact

382

(2)

Getting the Accuracy You Need

384

(1)

Try a Few Extra Bits of Precision and Rounding

385

(1)

Setting the Precision

385

(2)

Setting the Rounding Mode

387

(1)

Arbitrary-Precision Integer Arithmetic with gawk

388

(1)

Standards Versus Existing Practice

389

(2)

Summary

391

(2)

16 Writing Extensions for gawk

393

(64)

Introduction

393

(1)

Extension Licensing

394

(1)

How It Works at a High Level

394

(2)

API Description

396

(35)

Introduction

397

(2)

General-Purpose Data Types

399

(3)

Memory Allocation Functions and Convenience Macros

402

(1)

Constructor Functions

403

(1)

Registration Functions

404

(9)

Printing Messages

413

(1)

Updating ERRNO

413

(1)

Requesting Values

413

(1)

Accessing and Updating Parameters

414

(1)

Symbol Table Access

414

(5)

Array Manipulation

419

(9)

API Variables

428

(1)

Boilerplate Code

429

(2)

How gawk Finds Extensions

431

(1)

Example: Some File Functions

431

(11)

Using chdir() and stat()

431

(3)

C Code for chdir() and stat()

434

(6)

Integrating the Extensions

440

(2)

The Sample Extensions in the gawk Distribution

442

(10)

File-Related Functions

442

(3)

Interface to fnmatch()

445

(1)

Interface to fork(), wait(), and waitpid()

446

(1)

Enabling In-Place File Editing

447

(1)

Character and Numeric values: ord() and chr()

448

(1)

Reading Directories

448

(1)

Reversing Output

449

(1)

Two-Way I/O Example

449

(1)

Dumping and Restoring an Array

450

(1)

Reading an Entire File

450

(1)

Extension Time Functions

451

(1)

API Tests

452

(1)

The gawkextlib Project

452

(1)

Summary

453

Part IV. Appendices

A The Evolution of the awk Language

457

(12)

B Installing gawk

469

(22)

C GNU General Public License

491

(14)

Index

505

Arnold Robbins is a professional programmer and technical author who has worked with Unix systems since 1980 and has been using AWK since 1987. As a member of the POSIX 1003.2 balloting group, he helped shape the POSIX standard for AWK. Arnold is currently the maintainer of gawk and its documentation. He is coauthor of the sixth edition of O'Reilly's Learning the vi Editor.

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