|
|
xii | |
|
|
xvi | |
|
|
xvii | |
Preface |
|
xx | |
|
Chapter 1 Circuit Variables |
|
|
2 | (24) |
|
Practical Perspective: Balancing Power |
|
|
3 | (1) |
|
1.1 Electrical Engineering: An Overview |
|
|
4 | (5) |
|
1.2 The International System of Units |
|
|
9 | (2) |
|
1.3 Circuit Analysis: An Overview |
|
|
11 | (1) |
|
|
12 | (2) |
|
1.5 The Ideal Basic Circuit Element |
|
|
14 | (1) |
|
|
15 | (3) |
|
Practical Perspective: Balancing Power |
|
|
18 | (1) |
|
|
19 | (1) |
|
|
20 | (6) |
|
Chapter 2 Circuit Elements |
|
|
26 | (32) |
|
Practical Perspective: Heating with Electric Radiators |
|
|
27 | (1) |
|
2.1 Voltage and Current Sources |
|
|
28 | (4) |
|
2.2 Electrical Resistance (Ohm's Law) |
|
|
32 | (4) |
|
2.3 Constructing a Circuit Model |
|
|
36 | (3) |
|
|
39 | (6) |
|
2.5 Analyzing a Circuit Containing Dependent Sources |
|
|
45 | (13) |
|
Practical Perspective: Heating with Electric Radiators |
|
|
48 | (2) |
|
|
50 | (1) |
|
|
50 | (8) |
|
Chapter 3 Simple Resistive Circuits |
|
|
58 | (34) |
|
Practical Perspective: Resistive Touch Screens |
|
|
59 | (1) |
|
|
60 | (1) |
|
3.2 Resistors in Parallel |
|
|
61 | (3) |
|
3.3 The Voltage-Divider and Current-Divider Circuits |
|
|
64 | (4) |
|
3.4 Voltage Division and Current Division |
|
|
68 | (2) |
|
3.5 Measuring Voltage and Current |
|
|
70 | (3) |
|
3.6 Measuring Resistance---The Wheatstone Bridge |
|
|
73 | (2) |
|
3.7 Delta-to-Wye (Pi-to-Tee) Equivalent Circuits |
|
|
75 | (17) |
|
Practical Perspective: Resistive Touch Screens |
|
|
78 | (1) |
|
|
79 | (1) |
|
|
80 | (12) |
|
Chapter 4 Techniques of Circuit Analysis |
|
|
92 | (58) |
|
Practical Perspective: Circuits with Realistic Resistors |
|
|
93 | (1) |
|
|
94 | (2) |
|
4.2 Introduction to the Node-Voltage Method |
|
|
96 | (2) |
|
4.3 The Node-Voltage Method and Dependent Sources |
|
|
98 | (2) |
|
4.4 The Node-Voltage Method: Some Special Cases |
|
|
100 | (4) |
|
4.5 Introduction to the Mesh-Current Method |
|
|
104 | (3) |
|
4.6 The Mesh-Current Method and Dependent Sources |
|
|
107 | (1) |
|
4.7 The Mesh-Current Method: Some Special Cases |
|
|
108 | (4) |
|
4.8 The Node-Voltage Method Versus the Mesh-Current Method |
|
|
112 | (3) |
|
4.9 Source Transformations |
|
|
115 | (3) |
|
4.10 Thevenin and Norton Equivalents |
|
|
118 | (5) |
|
4.11 More on Deriving the Thevenin Equivalent |
|
|
123 | (3) |
|
4.12 Maximum Power Transfer |
|
|
126 | (3) |
|
|
129 | (21) |
|
Practical Perspective: Circuits with Realistic Resistors |
|
|
131 | (3) |
|
|
134 | (2) |
|
|
136 | (14) |
|
Chapter 5 The Operational Amplifier |
|
|
150 | (32) |
|
Practical Perspective: Strain Gages |
|
|
151 | (1) |
|
5.1 Operational Amplifier Terminals |
|
|
152 | (1) |
|
5.2 Terminal Voltages and Currents |
|
|
152 | (4) |
|
5.3 The Inverting-Amplifier Circuit |
|
|
156 | (2) |
|
5.4 The Summing-Amplifier Circuit |
|
|
158 | (2) |
|
5.5 The Noninverting-Amplifier Circuit |
|
|
160 | (2) |
|
5.6 The Difference-Amplifier Circuit |
|
|
162 | (5) |
|
5.7 A More Realistic Model for the Operational Amplifier |
|
|
167 | (15) |
|
Practical Perspective: Strain Gages |
|
|
171 | (1) |
|
|
172 | (1) |
|
|
173 | (9) |
|
Chapter 6 Inductance, Capacitance, and Mutual Inductance |
|
|
182 | (38) |
|
Practical Perspective: Capacitive Touch Screens |
|
|
183 | (1) |
|
|
184 | (5) |
|
|
189 | (5) |
|
6.3 Series-Parallel Combinations of Inductance and Capacitance |
|
|
194 | (5) |
|
|
199 | (4) |
|
6.5 A Closer Look at Mutual Inductance |
|
|
203 | (17) |
|
Practical Perspective: Capacitive Touch Screens |
|
|
209 | (2) |
|
|
211 | (1) |
|
|
212 | (8) |
|
Chapter 7 Response of First-Order RL and RC Circuits |
|
|
220 | (52) |
|
Practical Perspective: Artificial Pacemaker |
|
|
221 | (1) |
|
7.1 The Natural Response of an RL Circuit |
|
|
222 | (6) |
|
7.2 The Natural Response of an RC Circuit |
|
|
228 | (5) |
|
7.3 The Step Response of RL and RC Circuits |
|
|
233 | (14) |
|
7.4 A General Solution for Step and Natural Responses |
|
|
247 | (1) |
|
|
248 | (2) |
|
|
250 | (2) |
|
7.7 The Integrating Amplifier |
|
|
252 | (20) |
|
Practical Perspective: Artificial Pacemaker |
|
|
255 | (1) |
|
|
256 | (1) |
|
|
256 | (16) |
|
Chapter 8 Natural and Step Responses of RLC Circuits |
|
|
272 | (46) |
|
Practical Perspective: Clock for Computer Timing |
|
|
273 | (1) |
|
8.1 Introduction to the Natural Response of a Parallel RLC Circuit |
|
|
274 | (4) |
|
8.2 The Forms of the Natural Response of a Parallel RLC Circuit |
|
|
278 | (11) |
|
8.3 The Step Response of a Parallel RLC Circuit |
|
|
289 | (7) |
|
8.4 The Natural and Step Response of a Series RLC Circuit |
|
|
296 | (7) |
|
8.5 A Circuit with Two Integrating Amplifiers |
|
|
303 | (15) |
|
Practical Perspective: Clock for Computer Timing |
|
|
308 | (1) |
|
|
309 | (1) |
|
|
310 | (8) |
|
Chapter 9 Sinusoidal Steady-State Analysis |
|
|
318 | (56) |
|
Practical Perspective: A Household Distribution Circuit |
|
|
319 | (1) |
|
9.1 The Sinusoidal Source |
|
|
320 | (3) |
|
9.2 The Sinusoidal Response |
|
|
323 | (1) |
|
|
324 | (3) |
|
9.4 The Passive Circuit Elements in the Frequency Domain |
|
|
327 | (5) |
|
9.5 Kirchhoff's Laws in the Frequency Domain |
|
|
332 | (1) |
|
9.6 Series, Parallel, and Delta-to-Wye Simplifications |
|
|
333 | (7) |
|
9.7 Source Transformations and Thevenin-Norton Equivalent Circuits |
|
|
340 | (4) |
|
9.8 The Node-Voltage Method |
|
|
344 | (1) |
|
9.9 The Mesh-Current Method |
|
|
345 | (2) |
|
|
347 | (10) |
|
9.11 The Ideal Transformer |
|
|
357 | (1) |
|
|
357 | (17) |
|
Practical Perspective: A Household Distribution Circuit |
|
|
359 | (2) |
|
|
361 | (1) |
|
|
362 | (12) |
|
Chapter 10 Sinusoidal Steady-State Power Calculations |
|
|
374 | (38) |
|
Practical Perspective: Vampire Power |
|
|
375 | (1) |
|
|
376 | (1) |
|
10.2 Average and Reactive Power |
|
|
377 | (5) |
|
10.3 The rms Value and Power Calculations |
|
|
382 | (2) |
|
|
384 | (2) |
|
|
386 | (7) |
|
10.6 Maximum Power Transfer |
|
|
393 | (19) |
|
Practical Perspective: Vampire Power |
|
|
399 | (2) |
|
|
401 | (1) |
|
|
401 | (11) |
|
Chapter 11 Balanced Three-Phase Circuits |
|
|
412 | (32) |
|
Practical Perspective: Transmission and Distribution of Electric Power |
|
|
413 | (1) |
|
11.1 Balanced Three-Phase Voltages |
|
|
414 | (1) |
|
11.2 Three-Phase Voltage Sources |
|
|
415 | (1) |
|
11.3 Analysis of the Wye-Wye Circuit |
|
|
416 | (6) |
|
11.4 Analysis of the Wye-Delta Circuit |
|
|
422 | (3) |
|
11.5 Power Calculations in Balanced Three-Phase Circuits |
|
|
425 | (5) |
|
11.6 Measuring Average Power in Three-Phase Circuits |
|
|
430 | (14) |
|
Practical Perspective: Transmission and Distribution of Electric Power |
|
|
433 | (2) |
|
|
435 | (1) |
|
|
436 | (8) |
|
Chapter 12 Introduction to the Laplace Transform |
|
|
444 | (38) |
|
Practical Perspective: Transient Effects |
|
|
445 | (1) |
|
12.1 Definition of the Laplace Transform |
|
|
446 | (1) |
|
|
447 | (2) |
|
12.3 The Impulse Function |
|
|
449 | (3) |
|
12.4 Functional Transforms |
|
|
452 | (1) |
|
12.5 Operational Transforms |
|
|
453 | (5) |
|
12.6 Applying the Laplace Transform |
|
|
458 | (2) |
|
|
460 | (10) |
|
12.8 Poles and Zeros of F(s) |
|
|
470 | (2) |
|
12.9 Initial-and Final-Value Theorems |
|
|
472 | (10) |
|
Practical Perspective: Transient Effects |
|
|
474 | (2) |
|
|
476 | (1) |
|
|
477 | (5) |
|
Chapter 13 The Laplace Transform in Circuit Analysis |
|
|
482 | (54) |
|
Practical Perspective: Surge Suppressors |
|
|
483 | (1) |
|
13.1 Circuit Elements in the s Domain |
|
|
484 | (2) |
|
13.2 Circuit Analysis in the s Domain |
|
|
486 | (2) |
|
|
488 | (12) |
|
13.4 The Transfer Function |
|
|
500 | (2) |
|
13.5 The Transfer Function in Partial Fraction Expansions |
|
|
502 | (3) |
|
13.6 The Transfer Function and the Convolution Integral |
|
|
505 | (6) |
|
13.7 The Transfer Function and the Steady-State Sinusoidal Response |
|
|
511 | (3) |
|
13.8 The Impulse Function in Circuit Analysis |
|
|
514 | (22) |
|
Practical Perspective: Surge Suppressors |
|
|
520 | (1) |
|
|
521 | (1) |
|
|
522 | (14) |
|
Chapter 14 Introduction to Frequency Selective Circuits |
|
|
536 | (36) |
|
Practical Perspective: Pushbutton Telephone Circuits |
|
|
537 | (1) |
|
|
538 | (1) |
|
|
539 | (6) |
|
|
545 | (5) |
|
|
550 | (10) |
|
|
560 | (12) |
|
Practical Perspective: Pushbutton Telephone Circuits |
|
|
564 | (1) |
|
|
564 | (1) |
|
|
565 | (7) |
|
Chapter 15 Active Filter Circuits |
|
|
572 | (46) |
|
Practical Perspective: Bass Volume Control |
|
|
573 | (1) |
|
15.1 First-Order Low-Pass and High-Pass Filters |
|
|
574 | (3) |
|
|
577 | (3) |
|
15.3 Op Amp Bandpass and Bandreject Filters |
|
|
580 | (7) |
|
15.4 Higher-Order Op Amp Filters |
|
|
587 | (13) |
|
15.5 Narrowband Bandpass and Bandreject Filters |
|
|
600 | (18) |
|
Practical Perspective: Bass Volume Control |
|
|
605 | (3) |
|
|
608 | (1) |
|
|
609 | (9) |
|
Chapter 16 Fourier Series |
|
|
618 | (42) |
|
Practical Perspective: Active High-Q Filters |
|
|
619 | (2) |
|
16.1 Fourier Series Analysis: An Overview |
|
|
621 | (1) |
|
16.2 The Fourier Coefficients |
|
|
622 | (3) |
|
16.3 The Effect of Symmetry on the Fourier Coefficients |
|
|
625 | (6) |
|
16.4 An Alternative Trigonometric Form of the Fourier Series |
|
|
631 | (2) |
|
|
633 | (6) |
|
16.6 Average-Power Calculations with Periodic Functions |
|
|
639 | (2) |
|
16.7 The rms Value of a Periodic Function |
|
|
641 | (1) |
|
16.8 The Exponential Form of the Fourier Series |
|
|
642 | (3) |
|
16.9 Amplitude and Phase Spectra |
|
|
645 | (15) |
|
Practical Perspective: Active High-Q Filters |
|
|
647 | (2) |
|
|
649 | (1) |
|
|
650 | (10) |
|
Chapter 17 The Fourier Transform |
|
|
660 | (32) |
|
Practical Perspective: Filtering Digital Signals |
|
|
661 | (1) |
|
17.1 The Derivation of the Fourier Transform |
|
|
662 | (2) |
|
17.2 The Convergence of the Fourier Integral |
|
|
664 | (2) |
|
17.3 Using Laplace Transforms to Find Fourier Transforms |
|
|
666 | (2) |
|
17.4 Fourier Transforms in the Limit |
|
|
668 | (3) |
|
17.5 Some Mathematical Properties |
|
|
671 | (1) |
|
17.6 Operational Transforms |
|
|
672 | (5) |
|
17.7 Circuit Applications |
|
|
677 | (2) |
|
|
679 | (13) |
|
Practical Perspective: Filtering Digital Signals |
|
|
685 | (1) |
|
|
686 | (1) |
|
|
686 | (6) |
|
Chapter 18 Two-Port Circuits |
|
|
692 | (26) |
|
Practical Perspective: Characterizing f an Unknown Circuit |
|
|
693 | (1) |
|
18.1 The Terminal Equations |
|
|
694 | (1) |
|
18.2 The Two-Port Parameters |
|
|
695 | (8) |
|
18.3 Analysis of the Terminated Two-Port Circuit |
|
|
703 | (5) |
|
18.4 Interconnected Two-Port Circuits |
|
|
708 | (10) |
|
Practical Perspective: Characterizing an Unknown Circuit |
|
|
711 | (1) |
|
|
712 | (1) |
|
|
713 | (5) |
|
Appendix A The Solution of Linear Simultaneous Equations |
|
|
718 | (9) |
|
|
718 | (1) |
|
A.2 Calculator and Computer Methods |
|
|
719 | (2) |
|
A.3 Paper-and-Pencil Methods |
|
|
721 | (2) |
|
|
723 | (4) |
|
Appendix B Complex Numbers |
|
|
727 | (6) |
|
|
727 | (1) |
|
B.2 The Graphical Representation of a Complex Number |
|
|
728 | (1) |
|
B.3 Arithmetic Operations |
|
|
729 | (1) |
|
|
730 | (1) |
|
B.5 The Integer Power of a Complex Number |
|
|
731 | (1) |
|
B.6 The Roots of a Complex Number |
|
|
731 | (2) |
|
Appendix C More on Magnetically Coupled Coils and Ideal Transformers |
|
|
733 | (8) |
|
C.1 Equivalent Circuits for Magnetically Coupled Coils |
|
|
733 | (4) |
|
C.2 The Need for Ideal Transformers in the Equivalent Circuits |
|
|
737 | (4) |
|
|
741 | (2) |
|
|
743 | (14) |
|
E.1 Real, First-Order Poles and Zeros |
|
|
743 | (1) |
|
E.2 Straight-Line Amplitude Plots |
|
|
744 | (3) |
|
E.3 More Accurate Amplitude Plots |
|
|
747 | (1) |
|
E.4 Straight-Line Phase Angle Plots |
|
|
748 | (2) |
|
E.5 Bode Diagrams: Complex Poles and Zeros |
|
|
750 | (1) |
|
E.6 Straight-Line Amplitude Plots for Complex Poles |
|
|
751 | (1) |
|
E.7 Correcting Straight-Line Amplitude Plots for Complex Poles |
|
|
752 | (2) |
|
E.8 Phase Angle Plots for Complex Poles |
|
|
754 | (3) |
|
Appendix F An Abbreviated Table of Trigonometric Identities |
|
|
757 | (1) |
|
Appendix G An Abbreviated Table of Integrals |
|
|
758 | (2) |
|
Appendix H Common Standard Component Values |
|
|
760 | (1) |
Answers to Selected Problems |
|
761 | (10) |
Index |
|
771 | |