Foreword xi(1) The Erle Shobert Prize Paper Award xii(1) The Armington Recognition Award xiii Connectors -- Fretting 1(40) Chair: Morton Antler, Contact Consultants, Inc. Co-Chair: Bob Malucci, Molex Inc. 1.1 Intermittance Detection in Fretting Corrosion Studies of Electric Contacts 1(6) S. Murrell S.L. McCarthy, Ford Motor Co., Dearborn, MI 1.2 An Examination of the Metallic Bonding of a Clad Material & Two Gold Plating Systems under Constant Force Fretting Conditions 7(13) N. Aukland H. Hardee A. Wehr S. Brennan, Advanced Interconnection Lab, Las Cruces, NM P. Lees, Technical Materials Inc., Lincoln, RI 1.3 Recovery of Severely Degraded Tin-Lead Plated Connector Contacts Due to Fretting Corrosion 20(13) N. Aukland H. Hardee A. Wehr, Advanced Interconnection Lab, Las Cruces, NM M. Antler, Contact Consultants, Columbus, OH 1.4 The Contact Resistance of Rolling Silver Coated Copper Contacts 33(8) A. K. Rudophi S. Jacobson, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden Aluminum Contacts 41(50) Chair: Ed Smith, III, J. M. Ney Company Co-Chair: Guenther Horn, Advanced Metallurgy, Inc. 2.1 Computer Modeling of Contact Degradation by Intermetallic Growth 41(5) A. Oberg, ABB Corporate Research, Vasteras, Sweden K. Olsson, Olsson Consulting AB, Ludvika, Sweden 2.2 Evaluation of a Twist-On Connector for Aluminum Wire 46(11) J. Aronstein, Poughkeepsie, NY 2.3 Effect of Surface Reactivity of Lubricants on the Properties of Aluminum Electrical Contacts 57(10) R. Timsit, AMP of Canada, Markham, Ontario, Canada E.M. Bock N.E. Corman, AMP Inc., Harrisburg, PA 2.4 A Comparative Assessment of Different Current Cycling Procedures for Testing Power Connections 67(24) M. Braunovic C. Dang, IREQ, Varennes, Quebec, Canada High Current Arcing 91(24) Chair: Paul Slade, Cutler Hammer Co-Chair: John Shea, Cutler Hammer Technical Center 3.1 Back Communication in Low Voltage Interrupters: Influence of Recovery Time, Geometry & Materials of Contacts & Walls 91(6) E. Gauster W. Reider, Technical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria 3.2 Influence of Contact Material to the Performance of a DC Contactor 97(7) V. Behrens Th. Honig R. Michal, DODUCO GmbH, Pforzheim, Germany 3.3 The Detection and Effects of Oxide Layers on Silver-Refractory Contact Surfaces 104(11) P. Wingert, Advanced Metallurgy, Inc., Export, PA Connectors-Degradation 115(37) Chair: Bill Abbott, Battelle Columbus Division Co-Chair: Bob Mroczkowski, AMP, Inc. 4.1 Lubricant-Induced Corrosion in Copper Electrical Contacts 115(6) S.L. McCarthy R.O. Carter W.H. Weber, Ford Motor Company, Dearborn, MI 4.2 Gold Plated Contacts: Effect of Thermal Aging on Contact Resistance 121(11) M. Antler, Contact Consultants, Columbus, OH 4.3 Thermal Cycling Induced Wiping Wear of Connector Contacts at 150 degree Celcius 132(6) C.H. Leung, GM R & D Center, Warren, MI A. Lee, Packard Electric, Warren OH 4.4 Accelerated Testing of Tin Plated Copper Alloy Contacts 138(14) R. D. Malucci, Molex Inc., Lisle, IL Contact Fundamentals 152(38) Chair: Werner Rieder, Institute of Switching Devices and High Voltage, Technische Universitat Co-Chair: P. Wingert, Advanced Metallurgy, Inc. 5.1 The Effect of Contact Capacitance on Current-Voltage Characteristics of Stationary Metal Contacts 152(13) C.T. Dervos J.M. Michaelides, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece 5.2 The Effect of Ion Neutralization Processes on Interfacial Energy of Stationary Contacts 165(10) C.T. Dervos J.M. Michaelides, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece 5.3 Analysis of Metallic Phase Arc Duration at a Break Contact with the Use of Weibull Distribution Method 175(8) K. Suhara, Tokyo National College of Technology, Tokyo, Japan 5.4 Mechanochemical Activity of Nascent Surfaces of Gold, Silver & Copper 183(7) S. Mori Y. Shitara, Iwate University, Morioka, Japan Connectors -- Materials 190(36) Chair: Bob Malucci, Molex Inc. Co-Chair: George Drew, Packard Electric 6.1 Key Aspects of the Materials and Processes Associated with the Synthesis and Use of Distributed Filament Contacts from PAN Fiber Based Composites 190(11) J.A. Swift S.J. Wallace, Xerox Corp., Webster, NY 6.2 Tin Coating Techniques for Copper-Base Alloys -- The Effects on Friction, Wear and Electric Properties 201(11) T. Hammam, Swedish Institute for Metals Research, Stockholm, Sweden 6.3 Self-Assembled Monolayers of Alcanethiols on Nickel Surfaces for Low Level Electrical Contact Applications 212(7) S. Noel F. Houze L. Boyer, L.G.E.P./Universites Paris VI et Paris XI, Gif/Y vette-Cedex, France Z. Mekhalif R. Caudano, L.I.S.E./Iniversitaires Notre-Dame de La Paix, Namur, Belgium J. Deljalle, L.C.T.S.I./Universitaires Notre-Dame de la Paix, Namur, Belgium 6.4 Electrical and Tribological Properties of Heat-Treated Polycrylonitrile Layers for Contact Application 219(7) S. Guessab F. Houze S. Noel L. Boyer, L.G.E.P./E.S.E., Gif/Yvette-Cadex, France P. Viel G. Lecayon, C.E.A./Centre DEtudes de Saclay, Gif/Yvette-Cedex, France Low Current Arcing 226(38) Chair: Gerald Witter, Chugai USA, Inc. Co-Chair: Henry Czaijkowski, Allen Bradley Co. 7.1 Analysis of DC and AC Arcs at Break with Spectrum Analyser 226(7) T.S. Davies H. Nouri Z.M. Osman, University of the West of Engineering, Bristol, UK 7.2 Voltage Steps in Atmospheric Low Current Arcs Between Opening Silver Metal Oxide Contacts 233(5) S.M. Abu Sharkh J.W. McBride, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK 7.3 The Net Zero Erosion Phenomena on Opening Switch Contacts with AC Loading 238(8) J. Swingler J.W. McBride, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK 7.4 Breaking Arc in Several Liquid Environments with Light-Duty Application 246(8) T. Hayakawa K. Sawa, Keio University, Yokohama, Japan 7.5 The Effect of Various Silver Tin Oxide Materials on Contact Performance under Motor Load 254(10) H.A. Francisco, Deringer Mfg. Company M. Meyers, Handy & Harman, Fairfield, CT Sliding 264(17) Chair: Doris Kuhlmann-Wilsdorf, University of Virginia Co-Chair: Ed Smith, J.M. Ney Co. 8.1 Wear of Carbon Brushes under Commutation Arc in Gasoline 264(8) K. Nagakura K. Sawa, Keio University, Yokohama, Japan 8.2 The Effects of Apparent Contact Area of Ag-MoS(2)-C(graphite) Brushes in Contact with Coin-Silver Slip Rings 272(9) G. Dorsey R. Hayes, Electro-Tec Corp., Blacksburg, VA Modelling 281(34) Chair: Roland Timsit, AMP of Canada Co-Chair: Milenko Braunovic, IREQ 9.1 Short-time Withstand Current of Electrical Apparatus 281(3) L. Zhenbaio, Huazhong University of Science, Wuhan, P.R. China Z. Yicheng, Shanghai Tiedao University, Shanghai, P.R. China 9.2 Contact Bounce Stimulation Using Matlab 284(5) H. Nouri N. Larsen T.S. Davies, University of the West of England, Bristol, UK 9.3 Mathematical Model of the Short Arc Phenomena at the Initial Stage 289(17) S. Kharin, FES, GIK Institute, NWFP, Pakistan 9.4 Modeling Contact Erosion in Three Phase Vacuum Contactors 306(9) J. Shea, Cutler-Hammer, Pittsburgh, PA Surface Contamination 315(34) Chair: Guenther Horn, Advanced Metallurgy, Inc. Co-Chair: Chi Leung, GM Research Labs 10.1 Identification of Inorganic Compounds of Dust and Their Effects on Electrical Contact Failure 315(13) Y.N. Liang J.G. Zhang J.J. Liu, Beijing University -- Posts & Telecom, Beijing, China 10.2 Contact Compatability of Organic Vapours and Their Physical/Chemical Properties 328(5) H.P. Koidl W.F. Rieder Q.R. Salzmann, University of Technology, Vienna, Gusshausstrasse, Austria 10.3 Effect of Switching Rate on Contact Failure from Contact Resistance of Micro Relay under Environment Containing Silicone Vapor 333(7) T. Tamai K. Miyagawa, Hyogo University of Teacher Education, Hyogo, Japan M. Furukawa, Shin-Etsu Polymer America Inc., Union City, CA 10.4 The Effect of Organic Atmosphere on Durability of Electric Contacts 340(9) K. Takahashi Y. Takahashi M. Hayashi, NEC Tohuku, Ltd., Ichinoseki, Japan K. Sugawara J. Imai S. Mori, Iwate University, Morioka, Japan Author Index 349(2) Biographies 351
