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Electrical Power Transmission System Engineering: Analysis and Design, 2nd Edition 2nd New edition [Kõva köide]

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(California State University, Sacramento, USA)
  • Formaat: Hardback, 876 pages, kõrgus x laius: 254x178 mm, kaal: 1701 g, over 1800 equations; 78 Tables, black and white; 397 Illustrations, black and white
  • Ilmumisaeg: 27-May-2009
  • Kirjastus: CRC Press Inc
  • ISBN-10: 1439802548
  • ISBN-13: 9781439802540
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Electrical Power Transmission System Engineering: Analysis and Design, 2nd Edition 2nd New editionSuurem pilt
  • Formaat: Hardback, 876 pages, kõrgus x laius: 254x178 mm, kaal: 1701 g, over 1800 equations; 78 Tables, black and white; 397 Illustrations, black and white
  • Ilmumisaeg: 27-May-2009
  • Kirjastus: CRC Press Inc
  • ISBN-10: 1439802548
  • ISBN-13: 9781439802540
Teised raamatud teemal:
Püsilink: https://www.kriso.ee/db/9781439802540.html
Märksõnad:
Although many textbooks deal with a broad range of topics in the power system area of electrical engineering, few are written specifically for an in-depth study of modern electric power transmission.









Drawing from the authors 31 years of teaching and power industry experience, in the U.S. and abroad, Electrical Power Transmission System Engineering: Analysis and Design, Second Edition provides a wide-ranging exploration of modern power transmission engineering. This self-contained text includes ample numerical examples and problems, and makes a special effort to familiarize readers with vocabulary and symbols used in the industry.









Provides essential impedance tables and templates for placing and locating structures









Divided into two sectionselectrical and mechanical design and analysisthis book covers a broad spectrum of topics. These range from transmission system planning and in-depth analysis of balanced and unbalanced faults, to construction of overhead lines and factors affecting transmission line route selection. The text includes three new chapters and numerous additional sections dealing with new topics, and it also reviews methods for allocating transmission line fixed charges among joint users.









Uniquely comprehensive, and written as a self-tutorial for practicing engineers or students, this book covers electrical and mechanical design with equal detail. It supplies everything required for a solid understanding of transmission system engineering.
Preface xix
Acknowledgment xxi
Author xxiii
SECTION I Electrical Design and Analysis
Transmission System Planning
3(24)
Introduction
3(1)
Aging Transmission System
3(1)
Benefits of Transmission
4(2)
Power Pools
6(2)
Transmission Planning
8(1)
Traditional Transmission System Planning Techniques
8(3)
Models Used in Transmission System Planning
11(1)
Transmission Route Identification and Selection
11(1)
Traditional Transmission System Expansion Planning
11(5)
Heuristic Models
12(1)
Single-Stage Optimization Models
13(1)
Linear Programming (LP)
13(1)
Integer Programming
14(1)
Gradient Search Method
15(1)
Time-Phased Optimization Models
15(1)
Traditional Concerns for Transmission System Planning
16(2)
Planning Tools
16(1)
Systems Approach
17(1)
Database Concept
17(1)
New Technical Challenges
18(3)
Transmission Planning after Open Access
21(1)
Possible Future Actions by Federal Energy Regulatory Commission
22(5)
Transmission Line Structures and Equipment
27(66)
Introduction
27(1)
The Decision Process to build a Transmission Line
27(2)
Design Tradeoffs
29(1)
Traditional Line Design Practice
30(3)
Factors Affecting Structure Type Selection
31(1)
Improved Design Approaches
31(2)
Environmental Impact of Transmission Lines
33(2)
Environmental Effects
33(1)
Biological Effects of Electric Fields
33(1)
Biological Effects of Magnetic Fields
34(1)
Transmission Line Structures
35(5)
Compact Transmission Lines
35(3)
Conventional Transmission Lines
38(1)
The Design of Line Support Structures
38(2)
Subtransmission Lines
40(3)
Subtransmission Line Costs
42(1)
Transmission Substations
43(13)
Additional Substation Design Considerations
48(1)
Substation Components
49(1)
Bus and Switching Configurations
50(1)
Substation Buses
51(3)
Open-Bus Scheme
54(1)
Inverted-Bus Scheme
55(1)
Sulfur Hexafluoride (SF6)-Insulated Substations
56(1)
Transmission Line Conductors
56(7)
Conductor Considerations
56(2)
Conductor Types
58(1)
Conductor Size
59(1)
Voltage Drop Considerations
60(1)
Thermal Capacity Considerations
60(2)
Economic Considerations
62(1)
Overhead Ground Wires (OHGW)
62(1)
Conductor Tension
62(1)
Insulators
63(11)
Types of Insulators
63(1)
Testing of Insulators
64(2)
Voltage Distribution over a String of Suspension Insulators
66(4)
Insulator Flashover due to Contamination
70(3)
Insulator Flashover on Overhead High-Voltage DC (HVDC) Lines
73(1)
Substation Grounding
74(12)
Electric Shock and Its Effects on Humans
74(3)
Ground Resistance
77(1)
Soil Resistivity Measurements
78(3)
Substation Grounding
81(2)
Ground Conductor Sizing Factors
83(1)
Types of Ground Faults
84(1)
Line-to-Line-to-Ground Fault
84(1)
Single-Line-to-Ground Fault
85(1)
Ground Potential Rise
85(1)
Transmission Line Grounds
86(1)
Types of Grounding
87(1)
Transformer Connections
88(1)
Autotransformers in Transmission Substations
88(1)
Transformer Selection
89(1)
Transformer Classifications
89(4)
Fundamental Concepts
93(30)
Introduction
93(1)
Factors Affecting Transmission Growth
93(1)
Stability Considerations
94(2)
Power Transmission Capability of a Transmission Line
96(1)
Surge Impedance and Surge Impedance Loading of a Transmission Line
96(1)
Loadability Curves
96(2)
Compensation
98(2)
Shunt Compensation
100(1)
Effects of Shunt Compensation on Transmission Line Loadability
100(1)
Shunt Reactors and Shunt Capacitor Banks
100(1)
Series Compensation
101(6)
The Effects of Series Compensation on Transmission Line Loadability
101(1)
Series Capacitors
102(5)
Static Var Control (SVC)
107(2)
Static Var Systems
109(1)
Thyristor-Controlled Series Compensator
109(1)
Static Compensator
110(1)
Thyristor-Controlled Braking Resistor
111(1)
Superconducting Magnetic Energy Systems
112(1)
Subsynchronous Resonance (SSR)
113(1)
The Use of Static Compensation to Prevent Voltage Collapse or Instability
113(1)
Energy Management System (EMS)
114(1)
Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition
115(1)
Advanced Scada Concepts
116(3)
Substation Controllers
117(2)
Six-Phase Transmission Lines
119(4)
Overhead Power Transmission
123(74)
Introduction
123(1)
Short Transmission Lines (up to 50 mi, or 80 km)
123(10)
Steady-State Power Limit
126(2)
Percent Voltage Regulation
128(5)
Representation of Mutual Impedance of Short Lines
133(1)
Medium-Length Transmission Lines (up to 150 mi, or 240 km)
133(10)
Long Transmission Lines (above 150 mi, or 240 km)
143(18)
Equivalent Circuit of Long Transmission Line
152(3)
Incident and Reflected Voltages of Long Transmission Line
155(3)
Surge Impedance Loading of Transmission Line
158(3)
General Circuit Constants
161(23)
Determination of A, B, C, and D Constants
162(6)
A, B, C, and D Constants of Transformer
168(1)
Asymmetrical π and T Networks
169(1)
Networks Connected in Series
170(2)
Networks Connected in Parallel
172(2)
Terminated Transmission Line
174(4)
Power Relations Using A, B, C, and D, Line Constants
178(6)
Bundled Conductors
184(3)
Effect of Ground on Capacitance of Three-Phase Lines
187(1)
Environmental Effects of Overhead Transmission Lines
188(9)
Underground Power Transmission and Gas-Insulated Transmission Lines
197(84)
Introduction
197(1)
Underground Cables
198(4)
Underground Cable Installation Techniques
202(2)
Electrical Characteristics of Insulated Cables
204(29)
Electric Stress in Single-Conductor Cable
204(5)
Capacitance of Single-Conductor Cable
209(2)
Dielectric Constant of Cable Insulation
211(1)
Charging Current
212(1)
Determination of Insulation Resistance of Single-Conductor Cable
213(2)
Capacitance of Three-Conductor Belted Cable
215(7)
Cable Dimensions
222(1)
Geometric Factors
222(4)
Dielectric Power Factors and Dielectric Loss
226(3)
Effective Conductor Resistance
229(1)
Direct-Current Resistance
230(1)
Skin Effect
231(1)
Proximity Effect
232(1)
Sheath Currents in Cables
233(5)
Positive-and Negative-Sequence Reactances
238(2)
Single-Conductor Cables
238(1)
Three-Conductor Cables
239(1)
Zero-Sequence Resistance and Reactance
240(11)
Three-Conductor Cables
240(5)
Single-Conductor Cables
245(6)
Shunt Capacitive Reactance
251(2)
Current-Carrying Capacity of Cables
253(1)
Calculation of Impedances of Cables in Parallel
253(9)
Single-Conductor Cables
253(4)
Bundled Single-Conductor Cables
257(5)
Ehv Underground Cable Transmission
262(7)
Gas-Insulated Transmission Lines
269(5)
Location of Faults in Underground Cables
274(7)
Fault Location by Using Murray Loop Test
274(1)
Fault Location by Using Varley Loop Test
275(1)
Distribution Cable Checks
276(5)
Direct-Current Power Transmission
281(62)
Introduction
281(1)
Overhead High-Voltage DC Transmission
281(1)
Comparison of Powre Transmission Capacity of High-Voltage DC and AC
282(5)
High Voltage DC Transmission Line Insulation
287(4)
Three-Phase Bridge Converter
291(1)
Rectification
291(11)
Per-Unit Systems and Normalizing
302(7)
Alternating-Current System Per-Unit Bases
303(1)
Direct-Current System Per-Unit Bases
304(5)
Inversion
309(7)
Multibridge (B-Bridge) Converter Stations
316(3)
Per-Unit Representation of B-Bridge Converter Stations
319(6)
Alternating Current Systems Per-Unit Bases
322(1)
Direct-Current System Per-Unit Bases
323(2)
Operation of Direct-Current Transmission Link
325(3)
Stability of Control
328(4)
The Use of ``Facts'' and HVDC to Solve Bottleneck Problems in the Transmission Networks
332(1)
High-Voltage Power Electronic Substations
332(1)
Additional Recommends on HVDC Converter Stations
333(10)
Transient Overvoltages and Insulation Coordination
343(68)
Introduction
343(1)
Traveling Waves
343(7)
Velocity of Surge Propagation
347(1)
Surge Power Input and Energy Storage
348(2)
Superposition of Forward-and Backward-Traveling Waves
350(1)
Effects of Line Terminations
350(9)
Line Termination in Resistance
352(1)
Line Termination in Impedance
353(4)
Open-Circuit Line Termination
357(1)
Short-Circuit Line Termination
358(1)
Overhead Line Termination by Transformer
358(1)
Junction of Two Lines
359(2)
Junction of Several Lines
361(2)
Termination in Capacitance and Inductance
363(2)
Termination through Capacitor
363(2)
Termination through Inductor
365(1)
Bewley Lattice Diagram
365(3)
Surge Attenuation and Distortion
368(1)
Traveling Waves on Three-Phase Lines
368(3)
Lightning and Lightning Surges
371(7)
Lightning
371(2)
Lightning Surges
373(2)
The Use of Overhead Ground Wires for Lightning Protection of the Transmission Lines
375(1)
Lightning Performance of Transmission Lines
375(3)
Shielding Failures of Transmission Lines
378(4)
Electrogeometric (EGM) Theory
378(2)
Effective Shielding
380(1)
Determination of Shielding Failure Rate
380(2)
Lightning Performance of UHV Lines
382(1)
Stroke Current Magnitude
382(1)
Shielding Design Methods
383(4)
Fixed-Angle Method
383(1)
Empirical Method (or Wagner Method)
384(1)
Electrogeometric Model
384(3)
Switching and Switching Surges
387(3)
Switching
387(2)
Causes of Switching Surge Overvoltages
389(1)
Control of Switching Surges
390(1)
Overvoltage Protection
390(7)
Insulation Coordination
397(7)
Basic Definitions
397(1)
Basic Impulse Insulation Level (BIL)
397(1)
Withstand Voltage
397(1)
Chopped-Wave Insulation Level
397(1)
Critical Flashover (CFO) Voltage
397(1)
Impulses Ratio (for Flashover or Puncture of Insulation)
397(1)
Insulation Coordination
397(3)
Insulation Coordination in Transmission Lines
400(4)
Geogmagnetic Disturbances and Their Effects on Power System Operations
404(7)
Limiting Factors for Extra-High Ultrahigh Voltage Transmission: corona, Radio Noise, and Audible Noise
411(24)
Introduction
411(1)
Corona
411(10)
Nature of Corona
411(1)
Manifestations of Corona
412(1)
Factors Affectiong Corona
413(5)
Corona Loss
418(3)
Radio Noise
421(6)
Radio Interference (RI)
422(4)
Television Interference
426(1)
Audible Noise (AN)
427(1)
Conductor Size Selection
427(8)
Symmetrical Components and Fault Analysis
435(100)
Introduction
435(1)
Symmetrical Components
435(1)
The Operator a
436(2)
Resolution of Three-Phase Unbalanced System of Phasors into Its Symmetrical Components
438(3)
Power in Symmetrical Components
441(2)
Sequence Impedances of Transmission Lines
443(12)
Sequence Impedances of Untransposed Lines
443(2)
Sequence Impedances of Transposed Lines
445(2)
Electromagnetic Unbalances due to Untransposed Lines
447(7)
Sequence Impedances of Untransposed Line with Overhead Ground Wire
454(1)
Sequence Capacitances of Transmission Line
455(7)
Three-Phase Transmission Line without Overhead Ground Wire
455(3)
Three-Phase Transmission Line with Overhead Ground Wire
458(4)
Sequence Impedances of Synchronous Machines
462(3)
Zero-Sequence Networks
465(2)
Sequence Impedances of Transformers
467(4)
Analysis of Unbalanced Faults
471(1)
Shunt Faults
472(23)
Single Line-to-Ground Fault
475(8)
Line-to-Line Fault
483(3)
Double Line-to-Ground Fault
486(5)
Three-Phase Fault
491(4)
Series Faults
495(2)
One Line Open (OLO)
496(1)
Two Lines Open (TLO)
497(1)
Determination of Sequence Network Equivalents for Series Faults
497(7)
Brief Review of Two-Port Theory
497(3)
Equivalent Zero-Sequence Networks
500(1)
Equivalent Positive-and Negative-Sequence Networks
500(4)
System Grounding
504(5)
Elimination of SLG Fault Current by Using Peterson Coils
509(3)
Six-Phase Systems
512(23)
Application of Symmetrical Components
512(1)
Transformations
513(2)
Electromagnetic Unbalance Factors
515(1)
Transposition on the Six-Phase Lines
516(1)
Phase Arrangements
517(1)
Overhead Ground Wires
517(1)
Double-Circuit Transmission Lines
517(18)
Protective Equipment and Transmission System Protection
535(38)
Introduction
535(1)
Interruption of Fault Current
535(2)
High Voltage Circuit Breakers (CB)
537(3)
CB Selection
540(4)
Disconnect Switches
544(1)
Load-Break Switches
544(1)
Switchgear
544(1)
The Purpose of Transmission Line Protection
545(1)
Design Criteria for Transmission Line Protection
545(2)
Zones of Protection
547(1)
Primary and Backup Protection
547(3)
Reclosing
550(2)
Typical Relays Used on Transmission Lines
552(12)
Overcurrent Relays
553(1)
Inverse-Time Delay Overcurrent Relays
553(1)
Instantaneous Overcurrent Relays
553(1)
Directional Overcurrent Relays
553(1)
Distance Relays
554(1)
Impedance Relay
554(1)
Admittance Relay
554(1)
Reactance Realy
555(7)
Pilot Relaying
562(2)
Computer Applications in Protective Relaying
564(9)
Computer Applications in Relay Settings and Coordination
565(1)
Computer Relaying
565(8)
Transmission System Reliability
573(68)
National Electric Reliability Council (NERC)
573(1)
Index of Reliability
573(2)
Section 209 of Purpa of 1978
575(5)
Basic Probability Theory
580(8)
Set Theory
581(2)
Probability and Set Theory
583(5)
Combinational Analysis
588(1)
Probability Distributions
589(3)
Basic Reliability Concepts
592(12)
Series Systems
600(2)
Parallel Systems
602(1)
Combined Series-Parallel Systems
603(1)
Systems with Repairable Components
604(5)
Repairable Components in Series
604(3)
Repairable Components in Parallel
607(2)
Reliability Evaluation of Complex Systems
609(3)
Conditional Probability Method
609(1)
Minimal-Cut-Set Method
610(2)
Markov Processes
612(4)
Transmission System Reliability Methods
616(25)
Average Interruption Rate Method
616(1)
Frequency and Duration Method
616(1)
Series Systems
617(1)
Parallel Systems
618(2)
Markov Application Method
620(4)
Common-Cause Forced Outages of Transmission Lines
624(17)
SECTION II Mechanical Design and Analysis
Construction of Overhead Lines
641(38)
Introduction
641(2)
Factors Affecting Mechanical Design of Overhead Lines
643(1)
Character of Line Route
643(1)
Right-of-Way
643(1)
Mechanical Loading
644(4)
Definitions of Stresses
644(1)
Elasticity and Ultimate Strength
645(1)
NESC loadings
646(1)
Wind Pressure
647(1)
Required Clearances
648(3)
Horizontal Clearances
648(1)
Vertical Clearances
648(1)
Clearances at Wire Crossings
648(1)
Horizontal Separation of Conductors from Each Other
649(2)
Type of Supporting Structures
651(4)
Pole Types
651(2)
Soil Types and Pole Setting
653(2)
Mechanical Calculations
655(15)
Introduction
655(1)
Bending Moment due to Wind on Conductors
656(1)
Bending Moment due to Wind on Poles
657(5)
Stress due to Angle in Line
662(1)
Strength Determination of Angle Pole
663(1)
Permissible Maximum Angle without Guys
664(1)
Guying
665(1)
Calculation of Guy Tension
665(5)
Grade of Construction
670(1)
Line Conductors
670(1)
Insulator Types
671(1)
Joint Use by Other Utilities
672(1)
Conductor Vibration
673(3)
Conductor Motion Caused by Fault Currents
676(3)
Sag and Tension Analysis
679(32)
Introduction
679(1)
Effect of Change in Temperature
680(1)
Line Sag and Tension Calculations
681(12)
Supports at Same Level
681(1)
Catenary Method
681(7)
Parabolic Method
688(4)
Supports at Different Levels: Unsymmetrical Spans
692(1)
Spans of Unequal Length: Ruling Span
693(1)
Effects of Ice and Wind Loading
694(5)
Effect of Ice
694(2)
Effect of Wind
696(3)
National Electric Safety Code
699(1)
Line Location
700(11)
Profile and Plan of Right-of-Way
702(1)
Templates for Locating Structures
703(3)
Supporting Structures
706(5)
Appendix A: Impedance Tables for Overhead Lines, Transformers, and Underground Cables 711(56)
Appendix B: Methods for Allocating Transmission Line Fixed Charges among Joint Users 767(10)
Appendix C: Review of Basics 777(40)
Appendix D: Conversion Factors, Prefixes, and the Greek Alphabet 817(2)
Appendix E: Standard Device Numbers Used in Protection Systems 819(2)
Appendix F: Glossary for Transmission System Engineering Terminology 821(22)
Index 843
Turan Gönen is Professor of Electrical Engineering at California State University, Sacramento. He holds a BS and MS in Electrical Engineering from Istanbul Technical College (1964 and 1966, respectively), and a Ph.D. in Electrical Engineering from Iowa State University (1975). Dr. Gönen also received an MS in Industrial Engineering (1973) and a Ph.D. co-major in Industrial Engineering (1978) from Iowa State University, and a Master of Business Administration (MBA) degree from the University of Oklahoma (1980).



Professor Gönen is the Director of the Electrical Power Educational Institute at California State University, Sacramento. Previously, Dr. Gönen was Professor of Electrical Engineering and Director of the Energy Systems and Resources Program at the University of Missouri-Columbia. Professor Gönen also held teaching positions at the University of Missouri-Rolla, the University of Oklahoma, Iowa State University, Florida International University and Ankara Technical College. He has taught electrical electric power engineering for over thirty one years.



Dr. Gönen also has a strong background in power industry; for eight years he worked as a design engineer in numerous companies both in the United States and abroad. He has served as a consultant for the United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO), Aramco, Black & Veatch Consultant Engineers, and the public utility industry. Professor Gönen has written over 100 technical papers as well as four other books: Modern Power System Analysis, Electric Power Distribution System Engineering, Electrical Machines, and Engineering Economy for Engineering Managers.



Turan Gönen is a Fellow of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers and a Senior Member of the Institute of Industrial Engineers. He served on several Committees and Working Groups of the IEEE Power Engineering Society, and he is a member of numerous honor societies including Sigma Xi, Phi Kappa Phi, Eta Kappa Nu, and Tau Alpha Pi. Professor Gönen received the Outstanding Teacher Award at CSUS in 1997.