Muutke küpsiste eelistusi

Electrocatalysis in Balancing the Natural Carbon Cycle [Kõva köide]

(Chinese Academy of Sciences)
  • Formaat: Hardback, 544 pages, kõrgus x laius x paksus: 244x170x31 mm, kaal: 1162 g
  • Ilmumisaeg: 21-Jul-2021
  • Kirjastus: Blackwell Verlag GmbH
  • ISBN-10: 3527349138
  • ISBN-13: 9783527349135
Teised raamatud teemal:
Electrocatalysis in Balancing the Natural Carbon CycleSuurem pilt
  • Formaat: Hardback, 544 pages, kõrgus x laius x paksus: 244x170x31 mm, kaal: 1162 g
  • Ilmumisaeg: 21-Jul-2021
  • Kirjastus: Blackwell Verlag GmbH
  • ISBN-10: 3527349138
  • ISBN-13: 9783527349135
Teised raamatud teemal:
Püsilink: https://www.kriso.ee/db/9783527349135.html
Märksõnad:
Electrocatalysis in Balancing the Natural Carbon Cycle Explore the potential of electrocatalysis to balance an off-kilter natural carbon cycle

In Electrocatalysis in Balancing the Natural Carbon Cycle, accomplished researcher and author, Yaobing Wang, delivers a focused examination of why and how to solve the unbalance of the natural carbon cycle with electrocatalysis. The book introduces the natural carbon cycle and analyzes current bottlenecks being caused by human activities. It then examines fundamental topics, including CO2 reduction, water splitting, and small molecule (alcohols and acid) oxidation to prove the feasibility and advantages of using electrocatalysis to tune the unbalanced carbon cycle.

Youll realize modern aspects of electrocatalysis through the operando diagnostic and predictable mechanistic investigations. Further, you will be able to evaluate and manage the efficiency of the electrocatalytic reactions. The distinguished author presents a holistic view of solving an unbalanced natural carbon cycle with electrocatalysis.

Readers will also benefit from the inclusion of:





A thorough introduction to the natural carbon cycle and the anthropogenic carbon cycle, including inorganic carbon to organic carbon and vice versa An exploration of electrochemical catalysis processes, including water splitting and the electrochemistry CO2 reduction reaction (ECO2RR) A practical discussion of water and fuel basic redox parameters, including electrocatalytic materials and their performance evaluation in different electrocatalytic cells A perspective of the operando approaches and computational fundamentals and advances of different electrocatalytic redox reactions

Perfect for electrochemists, catalytic chemists, environmental and physical chemists, and inorganic chemists, Electrocatalysis in Balancing the Natural Carbon Cycle will also earn a place in the libraries of solid state and theoretical chemists seeking a one-stop reference for all aspects of electrocatalysis in carbon cycle-related reactions.
Preface xv
Acknowledgments xix
Part I Introduction
1(6)
1 Introduction
3(4)
References
5(2)
Part II Natural Carbon Cycle
7(14)
2 Natural Carbon Cycle and Anthropogenic Carbon Cycle
9(12)
2.1 Definition and General Process
9(1)
2.2 From Inorganic Carbon to Organic Carbon
10(1)
2.3 From Organic Carbon to Inorganic Carbon
11(1)
2.4 Anthropogenic Carbon Cycle
11(7)
2.4.1 Anthropogenic Carbon Emissions
12(1)
2.4.2 Capture and Recycle of CO2 from the Atmosphere
13(1)
2.4.3 Fixation and Conversion of CO2
14(1)
2.4.3.1 Photochemical Reduction
14(1)
2.4.3.2 Electrochemical Reduction
15(1)
2.4.3.3 Chemical/Thermo Reforming
16(1)
2.4.3.4 Physical Fixation
16(1)
2.4.3.5 Anthropogenic Carbon Conversion and Emissions Via Electrochemistry
17(1)
References
18(3)
Part III Electrochemical Catalysis Process
21(22)
3 Electrochemical Catalysis Processes
23(20)
3.1 Water Splitting
23(6)
3.1.1 Reaction Mechanism
23(1)
3.1.1.1 Mechanism of OER
23(1)
3.1.1.2 Mechanism of ORR
24(2)
3.1.1.3 Mechanism of HER
26(1)
3.1.2 General Parameters to Evaluate Water Splitting
27(1)
3.1.2.1 Tafel Slope
27(1)
3.1.2.2 TOF
27(1)
3.1.2.3 Onset/Overpotential
28(1)
3.1.2.4 Stability
28(1)
3.1.2.5 Electrolyte
28(1)
3.2 Electrochemistry CO2 Reduction Reaction (ECDRR)
29(7)
3.2.1 Possible Reaction Pathways of ECDRR
29(1)
3.2.1.1 Formation of HOXr or HCOOH
29(1)
3.2.1.2 Formation of CO
30(1)
3.2.1.3 Formation of C1 Products
30(1)
3.2.1.4 Formation of C2 Products
31(2)
3.2.1.5 Formation of CH3COOH and CH3COO
33(1)
3.2.1.6 Formation of n-Propanol (C3 Product)
33(1)
3.2.2 General Parameters to Evaluate ECDRR
34(1)
3.2.2.1 Onset Potential
34(1)
3.2.2.2 Faradaic Efficiency
34(1)
3.2.2.3 Partial Current Density
34(1)
3.2.2.4 Environmental Impact and Cost
35(1)
3.2.2.5 Electrolytes
35(1)
3.2.2.6 Electrochemical Cells
36(1)
3.3 Small Organic Molecules Oxidation
36(4)
3.3.1 The Mechanism of Electrochemistry HCOOH Oxidation
36(1)
3.3.2 The Mechanism of Electro-oxidation of Alcohol
37(3)
References
40(3)
Part IV Water Splitting and Devices
43(58)
4 Water Splitting Basic Parameter/Others
45(8)
4.1 Composition and Exact Reactions in Different pH Solution
45(2)
4.2 Evaluation of the Catalytic Activity
47(3)
4.2.1 Overpotential
47(1)
4.2.2 Tafel Slope
48(1)
4.2.3 Stability
49(1)
4.2.4 Faradaic Efficiency
49(1)
4.2.5 Turnover Frequency
50(1)
References
50(3)
5 H2O Oxidation
53(38)
5.1 Regular H2O Oxidation
53(23)
5.1.1 Noble Metal Catalysts
53(11)
5.1.2 Other Transition Metals
64(8)
5.1.3 Other Catalysts
72(4)
5.2 Photo-Assisted H2O Oxidation
76(12)
5.2.1 Metal Compound-Based Catalysts
76(4)
5.2.2 Metal-Metal Heterostructure Catalysts
80(6)
5.2.3 Metal-Nonmetal Heterostructure Catalysts
86(2)
References
88(3)
6 H20 Reduction and Water Splitting Electrocatalytic Cell
91(10)
6.1 Noble-Metal-Based HER Catalysts
91(2)
6.2 Non-Noble Metal Catalysts
93(3)
6.3 Water Splitting Electrocatalytic Cell
96(3)
References
99(2)
Part V H2 Oxidation/O2 Reduction and Device
101(82)
7 Introduction
103(8)
7.1 Electrocatalytic Reaction Parameters
104(7)
7.1.1 Electrochemically Active Surface Area (ECSA)
104(1)
7.1.1.1 Test Methods
104(1)
7.1.2 Determination Based on the Surface Redox Reaction
104(1)
7.1.3 Determination by Electric Double-Layer Capacitance Method
105(1)
7.1.4 Kinetic and Exchange Current Density (jk and j0)
105(1)
7.1.4.1 Definition
105(1)
7.1.4.2 Calculation
106(1)
7.1.5 Overpotential HUPD
106(2)
7.1.6 Tafel Slope
108(1)
7.1.7 Halfwave Potentials JOS References
108(3)
8 Hydrogen Oxidation Reaction (HOR)
111(22)
8.1 Mechanism for HOR
111(1)
8.1.1 Hydrogen Bonding Energy (HBE)
111(1)
8.1.2 Underpotential Deposition (UPD) of Hydrogen
112(1)
8.2 Catalysts for HOR
112(18)
8.2.1 Pt-based Materials
112(8)
8.2.2 Pd-Based Materials
120(1)
8.2.3 Ir-Based Materials
121(1)
8.2.4 Rh-Based Materials
121(1)
8.2.5 Ru-Based Materials
121(1)
8.2.6 Non-noble Metal Materials
122(8)
References
130(3)
9 Oxygen Reduction Reaction (ORR)
133(34)
9.1 Mechanism for ORR
133(1)
9.1.1 Battery System and Damaged Electrodes
133(1)
9.1.2 Intermediate Species
134(1)
9.2 Catalysts in ORR
134(20)
9.2.1 Noble Metal Materials
134(4)
9.2.1.1 Platinum/Carbon Catalyst
138(7)
9.2.1.2 Pd and Pt
145(1)
9.2.2 Transition Metal Catalysts
145(4)
9.2.3 Metal-Free Catalysts
149(5)
9.3 Hydrogen Peroxide Synthesis
154(7)
9.3.1 Catalysts Advances
154(1)
9.3.1.1 Pure Metals
154(2)
9.3.1.2 Metal Alloys
156(1)
9.3.1.3 Carbon Materials
157(1)
9.3.1.4 Electrodes and Reaction Cells
158(3)
References
161(6)
10 Fuel Cell and Metal-Air Battery
167(16)
10.1 H2 Fuel Cell
167(3)
10.2 Metal-Air Battery
170(11)
10.2.1 Metal-Air Battery Structure
171(10)
References
181(2)
Part VI Small Organic Molecules Oxidation and Device
183(88)
11 Introduction
185(14)
11.1 Primary Measurement Methods and Parameters
186(11)
11.1.1 Primary Measurement Methods
186(7)
11.1.2 Primary Parameter
193(4)
References
197(2)
12 CI Molecule Oxidation
199(36)
12.1 Methane Oxidation
199(4)
12.1.1 Reaction Mechanism
199(1)
12.1.1.1 Solid-Liquid-Gas Reaction System
199(1)
12.1.2 Acidic Media
199(2)
12.1.3 Alkaline or Neutral Media
201(2)
12.2 Methanol Oxidation
203(16)
12.2.1 Reaction Thermodynamics and Mechanism
203(1)
12.2.2 Catalyst Advances
204(1)
12.2.2.1 Pd-Based Catalysts
204(4)
12.2.2.2 Pt-Based Catalysts
208(1)
12.2.2.3 Platinum-Based Nanowires
208(2)
12.2.2.4 Platinum-Based Nanotubes
210(2)
12.2.2.5 Platinum-Based Nanoflowers
212(2)
12.2.2.6 Platinum-Based Nanorods
214(1)
12.2.2.7 Platinum-Based Nanocubes
215(2)
12.2.3 Pt-Ru System
217(1)
12.2.4 Pt-Sn Catalysts
218(1)
12.3 Formic Acid Oxidation
219(7)
12.3.1 Reaction Mechanism
219(1)
12.3.2 Catalyst Advances
220(1)
12.3.2.1 Pd-Based Catalysts
220(3)
12.3.2.2 Pt-Based Catalysts
223(3)
References
226(9)
13 C2+ Molecule Oxidation
235(22)
13.1 Ethanol Oxidation
235(15)
13.1.1 Reaction Mechanism
235(1)
13.1.2 Catalyst Advances
235(1)
13.1.2.1 Pd-Based Catalysts
235(4)
13.1.2.2 Pt-Based Catalysts
239(4)
13.1.2.3 Pt-Sn System
243(7)
13.2 Glucose Oxidase
250(1)
13.3 Ethylene Glycol Oxidation
251(1)
13.4 Glycerol Oxidation
251(3)
References
254(3)
14 Fuel Cell Devices
257(14)
14.1 introduction
257(1)
14.2 Types of Direct Liquid Fuel Cells
258(9)
14.2.1 Acid and Alkaline Fuel Cells
258(2)
14.2.2 Direct Methanol Fuel Cells (DMFCs)
260(1)
14.2.3 Direct Ethanol Fuel Cells (DEFCs)
261(1)
14.2.4 Direct Ethylene Glycol Fuel Cells (DEGFCs)
261(1)
14.2.5 Direct Glycerol Fuel Cells (DGFCs)
262(1)
14.2.6 Direct Formic Acid Fuel Cells (DFAFCs)
262(1)
14.2.7 Direct Dimethyl Ether Fuel Cells (DDEFCs)
263(1)
14.2.8 Other DLFCs
263(1)
14.2.9 Challenges of DLFCs
264(1)
14.2.10 Fuel Conversion and Cathode Flooding
264(1)
14.2.11 Chemical Safety and By-product Production
265(1)
14.2.12 Unproven Long-term Durability
265(2)
References
267(4)
Part VII CO2 Reduction and Device
271(74)
15 Introduction
273(16)
15.1 Basic Parameters of the CO2 Reduction Reaction
276(9)
15.1.1 The Fundamental Parameters to Evaluate the Catalytic Activity
276(1)
15.1.1.1 Overpotential (n)
276(1)
15.1.1.2 Faradaic Efficiency (FE)
276(1)
15.1.1.3 Current Density (J)
277(1)
15.1.1.4 Energy Efficiency (EE)
277(1)
15.1.1.5 Tafel Slope
278(1)
15.1.2 Factors Affecting ECDRR
278(1)
15.1.2.1 Solvent/Electrolyte
278(2)
15.1.2.2 pH
280(1)
15.1.2.3 Cations and Anions
281(1)
15.1.2.4 Concentration
282(1)
15.1.2.5 Temperature and Pressure Effect
282(1)
15.1.3 Electrode
283(1)
15.1.3.1 Loading Method
283(1)
15.1.3.2 Preparation
284(1)
15.1.3.3 Experimental Process and Analysis Methods
284(1)
References
285(4)
16 Electrocatalysts-1
289(20)
16.1 Heterogeneous Electrochemical CO2 Reduction Reaction
289(1)
16.2 Thermodynamic and Kinetic Parameters of Heterogeneous CO2 Reduction in Liquid Phase
289(17)
16.2.1 Bulk Metals
293(1)
16.2.2 Nanoscale Metal and Oxidant Metal Catalysts
294(1)
16.2.2.1 Gold (Au)
295(1)
16.2.2.2 Silver (Ag)
296(1)
16.2.2.3 Palladium (Pd)
297(1)
16.2.2.4 Zinc (Zn)
298(1)
16.2.2.5 Copper (Cu)
299(2)
16.2.3 Bimetallic/Alloy
301(5)
References
306(3)
17 Electrocatalysts-2
309(13)
17.1 Single-Atom Metal-Doped Carbon Catalysts (SACs)
309(8)
17.1.1 Nickel (Ni)-SACs
309(2)
17.1.2 Cobalt (Co)-SACs
311(1)
17.1.3 Iron (Fe)-SACs
311(3)
17.1.4 Zinc (Zn)-SACs
314(1)
17.1.5 Copper (Cu)-SACs
314(2)
17.1.6 Other
316(1)
17.2 Metal Nanoparticles-Doped Carbon Catalysts
317(3)
17.3 Porous Organic Material
320(2)
17.3.1 Metal Organic Frameworks (MOFs)
320(1)
17.3.2 Covalent Organic Frameworks (COFs)
321(1)
17.3.3 Metal-Free Catalyst
322(1)
17 A Metal-Free Carbon-Based Catalyst
322(9)
17.4.1 Other Metal-Free Catalyst
324(1)
17.5 Electrochemical CO Reduction Reaction
324(3)
17.5.1 The Importance of CO Reduction Study
324(2)
17.5.2 Advances in CO Reduction
326(1)
References
327(4)
18 Devices
331(14)
18.1 H-Cell
331(2)
18.2 Flow Cell
333(5)
18.3 Requirements and Challenges for Next-Generation CO2 Reduction Cell
338(4)
18.3.1 Wide Range of Electrocatalysts
338(1)
18.3.2 Fundamental Factor Influencing the Catalytic Activity for ECDRR
339(1)
18.3.3 Device Engineering
340(2)
References
342(3)
Part VIII Computations-Guided Electrocatalysis
345(76)
19 Insights into the Catalytic Process
347(8)
19.1 Electric Double Layer
347(2)
19.2 Kinetics and Thermodynamics
349(1)
19.3 Electrode Potential Effects
350(5)
References
352(3)
20 Computational Electrocatalysis
355(22)
20.1 Computational Screening Toward Calculation Theories
356(2)
20.2 Reactivity Descriptors
358(3)
20.2.1 d-band Theory Motivates Electronic Descriptor
359(2)
20.2.2 Coordination Numbers Motives Structure Descriptor
361(1)
20.3 Scaling Relationships: Applications of Descriptors
361(2)
20.4 The Activity Principles and the Volcano Curve
363(3)
20.5 DFT Modeling
366(11)
20.5.1 CHE Model
367(1)
20.5.2 Solvation Models
368(3)
20.5.3 Kinetic Modeling
371(3)
References
374(3)
21 Theory-Guided Rational Design
377(14)
21.1 Descriptors-Guided Screening
377(3)
21.2 Scaling Relationship-Guided Trends
380(6)
21.2.1 Reactivity Trends of ECR
380(2)
21.2.2 Reactivity Trends of O-included Reactions
382(3)
21.2.3 Reactivity Trends of H-included Reactions
385(1)
21.3 DOS-Guided Models and Active Sites
386(5)
References
388(3)
22 DFT Applications in Selected Electrocatalytic Systems
391(30)
22.1 Unveiling the Electrocatalytic Mechanism
391(15)
22.1.1 ECR Reaction
393(1)
22.1.2 OER Reaction
394(2)
22.1.3 ORR Reaction
396(1)
22.1.4 HER Reaction
397(1)
22.1.5 HOR Reaction
398(2)
22.1.6 CO Oxidation Reaction
400(2)
22.1.7 FAOR Reaction
402(1)
22.1.8 MOR Reaction
402(2)
22.1.9 EOR Reaction
404(2)
22.2 Understanding the Electrocatalytic Environment
406(4)
22.2.1 Solvation Effects
406(3)
22.2.2 pH Effects
409(1)
22.3 Analyzing the Electrochemical Kinetics
410(3)
22.4 Perspectives, Challenges, and Future Direction of DFT Computation in Electrocatalysis
413(8)
References
414(7)
Part IX Potential of In Situ Characterizations for Electrocatalysis
421(44)
References
422(1)
23 In Situ Characterization Techniques
423(18)
23.1 Optical Characterization Techniques
423(4)
23.1.1 Infrared Spectroscopy
423(1)
23.1.2 Raman Spectroscopy
424(2)
23.1.3 UV-vis Spectroscopy
426(1)
23.2 X-Ray Characterization Techniques
427(4)
23.2.1 X-Ray Diffraction (XRD)
429(1)
23.2.2 X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy (XAS)
429(2)
23.2.3 X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS)
431(1)
23.3 Mass Spectrometry Characterization Techniques
431(1)
23.4 Electron-Based Characterization Techniques
432(9)
23.4.1 Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM)
434(1)
23.4.2 Scanning Probe Microscopy (SPM)
434(2)
References
436(5)
24 In Situ Characterizations in Electrocatalytic Cycle
441(24)
24.1 Investigating the Real Active Centers
441(8)
24.1.1 Monitoring the Electronic Structure
442(2)
24.1.2 Monitoring the Atomic Structure
444(2)
24.1.3 Monitoring the Catalyst Phase Transformation
446(3)
24.2 Investigating the Reaction Mechanism
449(8)
24.2.1 Through Adsorption/Activation Understanding
450(1)
24.2.2 Through Intermediates In Situ Probing
451(3)
24.2.3 Through Catalytic Product In Situ Detections
454(3)
24.3 Evaluating the Catalyst Stability/Decay
457(3)
24.4 Revealing the Interfacial-Related Insights
460(2)
24.5 Conclusion
462(3)
References
462(3)
Part X Electrochemical Catalytic Carbon Cycle
465(40)
References
466(1)
25 Electrochemical CO2 Reduction to Fuels
467(16)
References
479(4)
26 Electrochemical Fuel Oxidation
483(16)
References
495(4)
27 Evaluation and Management of ECC
499(6)
27.1 Basic Performance Index
499(1)
27.2 CO2 Capture and Fuel Transport
500(1)
27.3 External Management
500(2)
27.4 General Outlook
502(3)
References 505(2)
Index 507
Yaobing Wang is Professor at the Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences. He received his doctorate from the Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences in 2008 and his research focuses on the design and synthesis of novel electrocatalysts and their applications.