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Electromagnetic Radiation [Kõva köide]

(Ohio State University), (National Security Technologies), (Ohio State University)
  • Formaat: Hardback, 638 pages, kõrgus x laius x paksus: 249x180x36 mm, kaal: 1360 g, 116 illustrations
  • Ilmumisaeg: 17-Jan-2019
  • Kirjastus: Oxford University Press
  • ISBN-10: 0198726503
  • ISBN-13: 9780198726500
  • Formaat: Hardback, 638 pages, kõrgus x laius x paksus: 249x180x36 mm, kaal: 1360 g, 116 illustrations
  • Ilmumisaeg: 17-Jan-2019
  • Kirjastus: Oxford University Press
  • ISBN-10: 0198726503
  • ISBN-13: 9780198726500
Electromagnetic Radiation is a graduate level book on classical electrodynamics with a strong emphasis on radiation. This book is meant to quickly and efficiently introduce students to the electromagnetic radiation science essential to a practicing physicist. While a major focus is on light and its interactions, topics in radio frequency radiation, x-rays, and beyond are also treated. Special emphasis is placed on applications, with many exercises and problems. The format of the book is designed to convey the basic concepts in a mathematically rigorous manner, but with detailed derivations routinely relegated to the accompanying side notes or end of chapter "Discussions".

The book is composed of four parts: Part I is a review of basic E&M (electricity and magnetism), and presents a concise review of topics covered in the subject. Part II addresses the origins of radiation in terms of time variations of charge and current densities within the source, and presents Jefimenko's field equations as derived from retarded potentials. Part III introduces special relativity and its deep connection to Maxwell's equations, together with an introduction to relativistic field theory, as well as the relativistic treatment of radiation from an arbitrarily accelerating charge. A highlight of this part is a chapter on the still partially unresolved problem of radiation reaction on an accelerating charge. Part IV treats the practical problems of electromagnetic radiation interacting with matter, with chapters on energy transport, scattering, diffraction and finally an illuminating, application-oriented treatment of fields in confined environments.

Arvustused

Electromagnetic Radiation, a new graduate-level text on classical electrodynamics, offers instructors a wonderful alternative to the classic texts that have dominated the teaching of classical electrodynamics for decades. * Jonathan Blakely, Contemporary Physics *

Part I: Introductory Foundations
1 Essentials of Electricity and Magnetism
3(40)
1.1 Maxwell's static equations in vacuum
3(3)
1.1.1 Electrostatic equations
4(1)
1.1.2 Magnetostatic equations
5(1)
1.1.3 Lorentz force
6(1)
1.2 Maxwell's static equations in matter
6(8)
1.2.1 Response of material to fields
7(2)
1.2.2 Bound charges and currents
9(1)
1.2.3 Macroscopic fields
10(1)
1.2.4 Polarizability and Susceptibility
11(2)
1.2.5 The canonical constitutive relations
13(1)
1.2.6 Electric fields and free charges in materials
13(1)
1.3 Energy of static charge and current configurations
14(4)
1.3.1 Electrostatic field energy
14(2)
1.3.2 Magnetic field energy
16(2)
1.4 Maxwell's dynamic equations in vacuum
18(4)
1.4.1 Faraday's contribution
19(1)
1.4.2 Conservation of charge and the continuity equation
20(1)
1.4.3 Maxwell's contribution
21(1)
1.5 Maxwell's dynamic equations in matter
22(2)
1.5.1 Origin of material currents
22(2)
1.6 Plane wave propagation in vacuum
24(5)
1.6.1 Polarization of plane waves
26(3)
1.7 E&M propagation within simple media
29(1)
1.8 Electromagnetic conservation laws
30(4)
1.8.1 Energy density
30(1)
1.8.2 Poynting's Theorem
31(1)
1.8.3 Linear momentum density
31(2)
1.8.4 Maxwell stress tensor
33(1)
1.9 Radiation in vacuum
34(4)
1.9.1 Field amplitude as a function of distance from the source
35(1)
1.9.2 Decoupling of radiation fields from the source
35(1)
1.9.3 Illustration of coupled and decoupled fields from an accelerated charge
36(2)
Exercises
38(1)
1.10 Discussions
39(4)
2 The Potentials
43(20)
2.1 The magnetic and electric fields in terms of potentials
43(1)
2.2 Gauge considerations
44(1)
2.3 The wave equations prescribing the potentials using the Lorenz gauge
45(1)
2.4 Retarded time
46(3)
2.4.1 Potentials with retarded time
48(1)
2.5 Moments of the retarded potential
49(6)
2.5.1 Potential zones
49(2)
2.5.2 General expansion of the retarded potential
51(4)
Exercises
55(1)
2.6 Discussions
55(8)
Part II Origins of Radiation Fields
3 General Relations between Fields and Sources
63(22)
3.1 Relating retarded potentials to observable fields
63(4)
3.1.1 Spatial derivatives of retarded potentials
65(2)
3.2 Jefimenko's equations from the retarded potentials
67(2)
3.3 Graphical representation of transverse fields arising from acceleration
69(2)
3.4 Jefimenko's equations without regard to retarded potentials:
Green Functions
71(3)
3.4.1 Field characteristics
74(1)
3.4.2 Example: fields directly from Jefimenko's equations
75(4)
Exercises
79(1)
3.5 Discussions
80(5)
4 Fields in Terms of the Multipole Moments of the Source
85(28)
4.1 Multipole radiation using Jefimenko's equations
85(6)
4.1.1 Approximate spatial dependence
85(2)
4.1.2 Radiation from zeroth order moments
87(2)
4.1.3 Radiation from first order moments
89(2)
4.2 Multipole radiation from the scalar expansion of the vector potential
91(8)
4.2.1 Fields from an electric dipole moment
92(2)
4.2.2 Fields from magnetic dipole moment
94(4)
4.2.3 Fields from electric quadrupole moment
98(1)
4.3 Power radiated in terms of multipole moments of the source
99(4)
4.3.1 Power radiated by electric dipole moment
99(1)
4.3.2 Power radiated by magnetic dipole moment
100(1)
4.3.3 Power radiated by electric quadrupole moment
101(2)
Exercises
103(3)
4.4 Discussions
106(7)
Part III: Electromagnetism and Special Relativity
5 Introduction to Special Relativity
113(71)
5.1 Historical introduction-1666 to 1905
115(6)
5.1.1 The nature of space and time
115(2)
5.1.2 The nature of light
117(4)
5.1.3 Michelson-Morley experiments
121(1)
5.2 Einstein and the Lorentz transformation
121(9)
5.2.1 Einstein's approach
122(3)
5.2.2 The Lorentz transformation: covariance among inertial frames
125(5)
5.3 The invariant interval and the geometry of space-time
130(9)
5.3.1 Minkowski space-time diagrams
131(4)
5.3.2 Physical consequences of special relativity
135(4)
5.4 Vector space concepts
139(11)
5.4.1 Contravariant and covariant vectors
141(7)
5.4.2 The metric tensor
148(1)
5.4.3 Generation of other 4-vectors and 4-tensors
149(1)
5.5 Some important general 4-vectors
150(9)
5.5.1 The 4-gradient operator
151(2)
5.5.2 The 4-vector velocity
153(1)
5.5.3 The 4-vector momentum
154(3)
5.5.4 The 4-vector force
157(2)
5.6 Some important "E&M" 4-vectors
159(3)
5.6.1 The 4-wavevector
159(2)
5.6.2 The 4-current density
161(1)
5.6.3 The 4-potential (in Lorenz Gauge)
161(1)
5.7 Other covariant and invariant quantities
162(2)
5.7.1 The angular momentum 4-tensor
162(1)
5.7.2 Space-time volume
163(1)
5.7.3 Space-time delta function
164(1)
5.8 Summary of 4-vector results
164(1)
5.9 Maxwell's equations and special relativity
165(8)
5.9.1 Manifest covariance of Maxwell's equations
165(1)
5.9.2 The electromagnetic field tensor
166(3)
5.9.3 Simple field transformation examples
169(4)
5.10 The Einstein stress-energy tensor
173(2)
Exercises
175(1)
5.11 Discussions
176(8)
6 Radiation from Charges Moving at Relativistic Velocities
184(45)
6.1 Lienard-Wiechert potentials
185(5)
6.1.1 Derivation by integral transform
187(1)
6.1.2 Derivation by geometric construction
188(2)
6.2 Radiation fields from a single charge undergoing acceleration
190(6)
6.2.1 Moving charge general field characteristics
195(1)
6.3 Power radiated from an accelerated charge
196(4)
6.3.1 Low velocities and classical Larmor's formula
197(1)
6.3.2 Radiated power for relativistic particles
198(2)
6.4 Acceleration parallel and perpendicular to velocity
200(5)
6.4.1 Angular distribution for acceleration to velocity
200(2)
6.4.2 Angular distribution for acceleration to velocity
202(1)
6.4.3 Total radiated power for acceleration and to velocity
203(2)
6.5 Spectral distribution of radiation from an accelerated charge
205(4)
6.6 Synchrotron radiation
209(5)
6.7 Fields from a single charge moving with constant velocity
214(9)
6.7.1 Parametrization of the fields
218(2)
6.7.2 Spectral energy density of the fields
220(2)
6.7.3 Number of photons associated with fields of a passing charge
222(1)
6.8 Bremsstrahlung
223(4)
Exercises
227(1)
6.9 Discussions
228(1)
7 Relativistic Electrodynamics
229(38)
7.1 Dynamics using action principles: Lagrangian and Hamiltonian mechanics
229(5)
7.1.1 Concept of action
230(4)
7.2 Relativistic mechanics of single point-like particles
234(9)
7.2.1 The relativistic mechanics of a free particle
234(2)
7.2.2 Free particle canonical 4-momentum
236(1)
7.2.3 Free particle angular momentum 4-tensor
237(2)
7.2.4 A charged particle in an external electromagnetic field
239(4)
7.3 The action principle description of the electromagnetic field
243(11)
7.3.1 Equations of motion
245(2)
7.3.2 Lagrangian density function
247(2)
7.3.3 Recovery of Maxwell's equations
249(1)
7.3.4 Gauge invariance
250(2)
7.3.5 The Proca Lagrangian
252(2)
7.4 The Hamiltonian density and canonical stress-energy tensor
254(7)
7.4.1 From the Maxwell stress tensor to the 4D stress-energy tensor
254(1)
7.4.2 Hamiltonian density: the "00" canonical stress-energy tensor component
255(1)
7.4.3 Canonical stress-energy tensor and conservation laws
256(1)
7.4.4 Canonical electromagnetic stress-energy tensor
257(1)
7.4.5 Symmetric electromagnetic stress-energy tensor
258(1)
7.4.6 Angular momentum density of fields
259(2)
7.4.7 Electromagnetic stress-energy tensor including source terms
261(1)
Exercises
261(2)
7.5 Discussions
263(4)
8 Field Reactions to Moving Charges
267(36)
8.1 Electromagnetic field masses
268(1)
8.2 Field reaction as a self-force
269(7)
8.2.1 Lorentz calculation of the self-force
270(4)
8.2.2 Some qualitative arguments for the self-force
274(2)
8.3 Abraham-Lorentz formula and the equations of motion
276(8)
8.3.1 The equations of motion
278(4)
8.3.2 Landau-Lifshitz approximation
282(1)
8.3.3 Characteristic time
283(1)
8.4 The 4/3 problem, instability, and relativity
284(7)
8.5 Infinite mass of the Abraham-Lorentz model
291(3)
Exercises
294(2)
8.6 Discussions
296(7)
Part IV Radiation in Materials
9 Properties of Electromagnetic Radiation in Materials
303(63)
9.1 Polarization, magnetization, and current density
304(2)
9.2 A practical convention for material response
306(1)
9.3 E&M propagation within simple media
307(3)
9.4 Frequency dependence
310(12)
9.4.1 ω moving towards infinity
310(2)
9.4.2 ω moving towards 0
312(1)
9.4.3 Plane waves versus diffusion
313(3)
9.4.4 Transient response in a conductor
316(1)
9.4.5 Temporal wave-packet
317(2)
9.4.6 Group velocity versus phase velocity
319(1)
9.4.7 Pulse broadening
320(2)
9.5 Plane waves at interfaces
322(13)
9.5.1 Boundaries
322(3)
9.5.2 Fresnel transmission and reflection amplitude coefficients
325(3)
9.5.3 Total internal reflection
328(4)
9.5.4 Fresnel transmission and reflection intensity coefficients
332(1)
9.5.5 Fresnel transmission and reflection: vacuum/material interface
333(2)
9.6 Some practical applications
335(4)
9.6.1 The two-surface problem
335(3)
9.6.2 Lossy dielectrics and metals
338(1)
9.7 Frequency and time domain polarization response to the fields
339(4)
9.7.1 Example
342(1)
9.8 Kramers-Kronig relationships
343(3)
9.9 Measuring the response of matter to fields
346(12)
9.9.1 Measuring the optical constants of a material
347(1)
9.9.2 Single frequency measurements
348(7)
9.9.3 Spectral measurements
355(3)
Exercises
358(2)
9.10 Discussions
360(6)
10 Models of Electromagnetic Response of Materials
366(32)
10.1 Classical models of Drude and Lorentz
366(10)
10.1.1 The Drude model of free electrons
368(2)
10.1.2 The Lorentz model of bound electrons
370(4)
10.1.3 The combined model: Lorentz-Drude
374(1)
10.1.4 Lorentz and Drude model response functions
375(1)
10.2 Lorentz insulators
376(8)
10.2.1 Multiple binding frequencies
383(1)
10.3 Drude metals and plasmas
384(4)
10.4 Measuring the Lorentz-drude response of matter to fields
388(6)
10.4.1 Single frequency measurements
388(1)
10.4.2 Dual polarization Fresnel reflectivity measurement
389(2)
10.4.3 Broadband measurements and response models
391(3)
Exercises
394(4)
11 Scattering of Electromagnetic Radiation in Materials
398(69)
11.1 Scattering
398(4)
11.2 Scattering by dielectric small particles
402(9)
11.2.1 Scattering by a free electron: Thomson scattering
404(1)
11.2.2 Scattering by a harmonically bound electron
405(2)
11.2.3 Scattering near resonance
407(1)
11.2.4 Plasmon resonance
408(3)
11.3 Integral equations, the Born approximation and optical theorem
411(12)
11.3.1 Scalar theory
413(4)
11.3.2 Vector theory
417(6)
11.4 Partial wave analysis
423(20)
11.4.1 Scalar theory
424(5)
11.4.2 Vector partial wave analysis
429(9)
11.4.3 Solution of scattering from a homogeneous sphere: Mie scattering
438(5)
11.5 Some results
443(12)
11.5.1 The long wavelength limit
443(2)
11.5.2 Scattering off dielectric spheres: water droplets
445(10)
Exercises
455(1)
11.6 Discussions
456(11)
12 Diffraction and the Propagation of Light
467(56)
12.1 Diffraction
467(3)
12.2 Geometric optics and the eikonal equation
470(1)
12.3 Kirchhoff's diffraction theory
471(17)
12.3.1 Kirchhoff's integral theorem
471(2)
12.3.2 Kirchhoff's diffraction theory: boundary conditions
473(2)
12.3.3 Alternate boundary conditions: Rayleigh-Sommerfeld diffraction
475(4)
12.3.4 Babinet's principle
479(2)
12.3.5 Fresnel approximation
481(2)
12.3.6 Fraunhofer (far-field) diffraction
483(2)
12.3.7 Fresnel diffraction of rectangular slit: the near-field
485(3)
12.4 The angular spectrum representation
488(26)
12.4.1 Gaussian beams
491(4)
12.4.2 Fourier optics (far-field)
495(1)
12.4.3 Tight focusing of fields
496(10)
12.4.4 Diffraction limits on microscopy
506(8)
Exercises
514(2)
12.5 Discussions
516(7)
13 Radiation Fields in Constrained Environments
523(49)
13.1 Constrained environments
523(4)
13.2 Mode counting: the density of electromagnetic modes in space
527(3)
13.3 Thermal radiation
530(2)
13.4 Casimir forces
532(5)
13.5 Spontaneous emission: the Einstein A and B coefficients
537(3)
13.6 Microwave cavities
540(3)
13.7 Microwave waveguides
543(5)
13.7.1 General features of waveguides
543(2)
13.7.2 Rectangular conducting waveguides
545(1)
13.7.3 Transmission lines and coaxial cables: TEM modes
546(2)
13.8 One-dimensional optical waveguides: the ray optic picture
548(17)
13.8.1 The three-layer planar waveguide: the wave solutions of Maxwell's equations
553(4)
13.8.2 Fiber optics: the step-index circular waveguide
557(5)
13.8.3 Higher order modes, single mode fibers, and dispersion
562(3)
13.9 Photonic crystals
565(6)
Exercises
571(1)
13.10 Discussions
572(41)
A Vector Multipole Expansion of the Fields
583(30)
A.1 Vector spherical harmonics
583(1)
A.1.1 VSH expansion of general radiation fields
584(1)
A.2 Multipole expansion of electromagnetic radiation
584(5)
A.2.1 Non-homogeneous field wave equations
584(1)
A.2.2 VSH expansion of the field wave equations
585(2)
A.2.3 Parity considerations
587(1)
A.2.4 Multipole expansion in a source-free region
588(1)
A.3 Multipole radiation: energy and angular momentum
589(5)
A.3.1 Energy density and the Poynting vector
589(2)
A.3.2 Momentum density and angular momentum density
591(3)
A.4 Multipole fields from vector harmonic expansion
594(19)
A.4.1 Multipole expansion including sources
594(4)
A.4.2 The small source approximation: near and far zones
598(15)
References 613(4)
Index 617
Richard Freeman received his undergraduate degree in physics from the University of Washington and his Ph.D. from Harvard studying molecular interactions under Norman Ramsey in 1973. He did post-doctoral work at MIT investigating Rydberg atoms under Daniel Kleppner. He spent 20 years at Bell Laboratories developing experimental tools to understand the effects of intense light on atoms and molecules. In 1996, he moved to the University of California where he continued his interests in intense light interactions with matter. In 2003, he was appointed Dean of Mathematical and Physical Sciences at The Ohio State University where he continued his studies of matter under extreme conditions.

James A. King received a Bachelor's degree in Physics and a PhD in Applied Science from University of Nevada, Las Vegas and University of California, Davis, respectively. He worked at LLNL as a graduate student and at UCSD and OSU and a postdoctoral researcher. Presently he is employed by NSTec.

Gregory Lafyatis received his undergraduate degree in electrical engineering from MIT and Ph. D in physics from Harvard where he experimentally studied atomic and molecular processes of astrophysical interest. His post-doctoral work included helping to develop a single ion trap for use in ultra-high precision mass spectroscopy and early work in trapping laser cooled neutral atoms. In his faculty position at Ohio State University, he has made contributions in a variety of atomic, molecular, and optical physics including cold atom experiments, condensed matter motivated atomic beam experiments, biologically motivated optical tweezer experiments, and single photon detectors for quantum information applications.