| Preface |
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xiii | |
| Introduction |
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xv | |
| Author |
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xvii | |
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Chapter 1 Basic Principles of Energy, Power and Electrical Power Systems |
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1 | (46) |
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1.1 Physical Foundations of Energy and Power |
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1 | (7) |
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1 | (2) |
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3 | (1) |
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3 | (2) |
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5 | (1) |
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6 | (1) |
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6 | (2) |
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1.2 Energy Conversion and Quality of Energy |
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8 | (4) |
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1.3 Electrical Power Systems |
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12 | (31) |
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1.3.1 Voltage Levels in Electrical Power Systems |
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17 | (1) |
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1.3.2 National Electrical Power Grids |
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18 | (3) |
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1.3.3 Electrical Energy Conversion from Coal |
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21 | (2) |
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1.3.4 Combined Cycle Gas Turbine (CCGT) Plant |
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23 | (1) |
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1.3.5 Combined Heat and Power Plant (CHP) |
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23 | (1) |
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1.3.6 Nuclear Power Plants |
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24 | (1) |
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1.3.7 Electricity from Renewable Energy |
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25 | (3) |
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28 | (1) |
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1.3.7.2 Electricity from Wind Power |
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29 | (2) |
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1.3.7.3 Electricity from Wave Power |
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31 | (3) |
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1.3.7.4 Electricity from Tidal Power |
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34 | (2) |
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1.3.7.5 Solar Photovoltaic (PV) Energy Conversion |
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36 | (4) |
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40 | (3) |
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43 | (2) |
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45 | (2) |
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Chapter 2 Magnetic Circuits |
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47 | (56) |
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2.1 Introduction to Magnetic Circuits |
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47 | (1) |
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2.2 Magnetic Fields and Current-Carrying Conductors |
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47 | (2) |
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2.3 Magnetic Fields of Electrons and Magnetic Moment |
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49 | (1) |
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2.4 Magnetic Properties of Materials |
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50 | (5) |
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2.4.1 Types of Ferromagnetic Materials |
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52 | (1) |
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2.4.2 History of Magnetism |
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53 | (2) |
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2.5 Magnetic Circuits and Permeability |
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55 | (1) |
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2.6 Amperes Circuital Law |
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56 | (6) |
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2.6.1 Calculation of the Magnetic Field of a Current-Carrying Conductor |
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56 | (2) |
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2.6.2 Analogy of Magnetic Circuits and Electrical Circuits Reluctance |
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58 | (1) |
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59 | (3) |
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2.7 Magnetic Circuits with Air Gaps |
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62 | (1) |
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2.8 Circuit Laws of Magnetic Circuits |
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63 | (2) |
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2.9 Characteristics of Magnetic Materials, Hysteresis |
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65 | (5) |
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2.10 Magnetically Induced Voltages; Self-Inductance |
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70 | (5) |
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75 | (3) |
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78 | (1) |
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2.13 Energy Stored in Per Unit Volume of the Magnetic Field and Hysteresis Loop |
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79 | (3) |
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2.14 Magnetic Stored Energy in a Single Winding |
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82 | (2) |
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2.15 Hysteresis and Eddy Current Losses |
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84 | (3) |
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85 | (1) |
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2.15.2 Eddy Current Losses |
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86 | (1) |
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2.16 Magnetic Circuits with AC Excitation |
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87 | (2) |
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89 | (7) |
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2.17.1 Approximate Design of Permanent Magnets |
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89 | (7) |
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96 | (7) |
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Chapter 3 Principles of Electromechanical Energy Conversion |
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103 | (34) |
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103 | (1) |
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3.2 Forces and Torques in Magnetic Fields |
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103 | (2) |
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3.3 Force between Two Current-Carrying Wires |
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105 | (1) |
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3.4 Force on a Current-Carrying Wire in a Magnetic Field |
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106 | (3) |
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3.5 Generated Voltage in Magnetic Systems |
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109 | (2) |
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3.6 Voltage Induced on a Moving Conductor |
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111 | (1) |
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3.7 Force Developed in an Electromagnetic System |
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112 | (3) |
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113 | (2) |
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3.7.2 Force of Interaction |
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115 | (1) |
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3.8 Basic Structure of Rotating Electrical Machines |
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115 | (8) |
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3.8.1 Structure Types of Rotating Electrical Machines |
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117 | (6) |
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3.9 Energy Balance Method |
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123 | (2) |
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3.10 Energy in Singly-Excited Magnetic Field Systems |
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125 | (5) |
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3.10.1 Derivation of Force from Energy |
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125 | (2) |
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3.10.2 Derivation of Force from Coenergy |
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127 | (3) |
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3.11 Force of Alignment between Parallel Magnetised Surfaces |
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130 | (1) |
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3.12 Lateral Force of Alignment between Parallel Magnetised Surfaces |
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131 | (1) |
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3.13 Alternative Force Calculation in a Linear System |
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132 | (3) |
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135 | (2) |
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Chapter 4 Rotating Electrical Machines (General) |
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137 | (20) |
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4.1 Rotating Electrical Machines |
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137 | (1) |
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138 | (5) |
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143 | (5) |
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4.3.1 Permanent Magnet Step Motor |
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143 | (2) |
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4.3.2 Variable Reluctance Step Motor |
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145 | (1) |
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146 | (2) |
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148 | (5) |
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153 | (4) |
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Chapter 5 Electrical Machines |
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157 | (10) |
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157 | (2) |
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159 | (8) |
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5.2.1 Alternating Current (AC) Motors |
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160 | (1) |
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5.2.2 Direct Current (DC) Motors |
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161 | (1) |
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5.2.3 Efficiency in Motors |
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161 | (1) |
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5.2.4 Torque--Speed Characteristics and Speed Regulation of Motors |
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162 | (5) |
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167 | (34) |
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167 | (1) |
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6.2 DC Machine Principles (Linear Machine) |
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167 | (4) |
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169 | (1) |
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6.2.2 Generator Operation |
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170 | (1) |
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171 | (5) |
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6.3.1 Principles of DC Generator Operation |
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171 | (2) |
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6.3.2 Principles of DC Motor Operation |
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173 | (3) |
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6.4 Practical DC Machines |
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176 | (1) |
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177 | (5) |
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180 | (1) |
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181 | (1) |
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6.6 Equivalent Circuit of DC Motors |
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182 | (3) |
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6.6.1 Magnetisation Curve |
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183 | (2) |
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185 | (2) |
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6.7.1 Speed Control and Speed Regulation of a Shunt-Connected DC Motor |
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186 | (1) |
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6.8 Separately Excited DC Motors and Speed Control |
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187 | (2) |
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6.9 Series-Connected DC Motor |
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189 | (2) |
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191 | (2) |
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6.11 Compounded DC Motors |
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193 | (1) |
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6.12 Starting of DC Motors |
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193 | (1) |
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194 | (1) |
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194 | (7) |
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201 | (6) |
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201 | (1) |
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7.2 Principles of AC Machines |
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201 | (1) |
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7.3 Two Pole Single-Turn Simple AC Generator |
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202 | (3) |
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7.4 Simple Four-Pole AC Generator |
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205 | (2) |
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Chapter 8 Synchronous Machines |
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207 | (34) |
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207 | (1) |
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8.2 Practical Synchronous Machines |
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208 | (5) |
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8.3 Synchronous Motor Made Simple |
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213 | (1) |
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8.4 Rotating Magnetic Field in Balanced Three-Phase AC Machines |
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214 | (2) |
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8.5 Mathematical Analysis of the Rotating Field in Balanced Three-Phase AC Machines |
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216 | (3) |
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8.6 Rotating Magnetic Field in Balanced Two-Phase AC Machines |
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219 | (1) |
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8.7 Rotating Magnetic Field in Single-Phase AC Machines |
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220 | (1) |
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8.8 Rotating Magnetic Field in Unbalanced Polyphase AC Machines |
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220 | (1) |
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8.9 AC Machines in General |
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220 | (1) |
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8.10 Differences between Single- and Three-Phase Synchronous Machines |
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221 | (1) |
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8.11 Starting of Synchronous Motors |
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222 | (3) |
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8.12 Equivalent Circuit of Synchronous Motors |
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225 | (5) |
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8.13 Synchronous Generators |
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230 | (1) |
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8.14 Equivalent Circuit of the Synchronous Generator |
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231 | (1) |
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8.15 Stand-alone Generator Operation |
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232 | (2) |
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234 | (1) |
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8.17 Synchronous Generators in Infinite Bus |
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234 | (4) |
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8.17.1 Effect of Increasing Mechanical Drive to an Infinite Bus-Connected Synchronous Generator |
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234 | (2) |
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8.17.2 Effect of Field Excitation to an Infinite Bus-Connected Synchronous Generator |
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236 | (2) |
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238 | (3) |
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Chapter 9 Induction Machines |
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241 | (30) |
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9.1 Introduction to Induction Machines |
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241 | (2) |
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9.2 Three-Phase Induction Motors |
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243 | (19) |
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9.2.1 Torque/Speed Characteristics of Balanced Three-Phase Induction Motors |
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246 | (3) |
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9.2.2 Rotor Equivalent Circuit per Phase |
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249 | (1) |
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9.2.3 Complete Induction Motor Equivalent Circuit per Phase |
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249 | (3) |
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9.2.4 Calculation of the Torque Expression |
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252 | (3) |
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9.2.5 Power Relationships |
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255 | (4) |
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9.2.6 Speed Control of Induction Motors |
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259 | (1) |
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9.2.7 Starting of Three-Phase Induction Motors |
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260 | (2) |
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9.3 Single-Phase Induction Motor |
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262 | (5) |
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266 | (1) |
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266 | (1) |
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9.3.3 Capacitor-Type Motors |
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266 | (1) |
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9.4 The Induction Generator |
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267 | (2) |
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269 | (2) |
| Bibliography |
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271 | (2) |
| Index |
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273 | |