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Elementary Flight Dynamics with an Introduction to Bifurcation and Continuation Methods [Kõva köide]

(IDEA Research Co. LTD, Pune, India),
  • Formaat: Hardback, 376 pages, kõrgus x laius: 234x156 mm, kaal: 672 g, 841; 10 Tables, black and white; 185 Illustrations, black and white
  • Ilmumisaeg: 26-Oct-2013
  • Kirjastus: CRC Press Inc
  • ISBN-10: 1439886024
  • ISBN-13: 9781439886021
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  • Formaat: Hardback, 376 pages, kõrgus x laius: 234x156 mm, kaal: 672 g, 841; 10 Tables, black and white; 185 Illustrations, black and white
  • Ilmumisaeg: 26-Oct-2013
  • Kirjastus: CRC Press Inc
  • ISBN-10: 1439886024
  • ISBN-13: 9781439886021
"Preface Flight mechanics lies at the heart of aeronautics. It is the point of confluence of other disciplines within aerospace engineering and the gateway to aircraft design. Almost every curriculum in aerospace engineering includes two courses in flight mechanics--one on applied aerodynamics and airplane performance and the other on airplane stability/control and flight dynamics. Having taught both these subjects for over two decades, the authors' experience can be summed up briefly in the following student response: 'These are the best subjects in the curriculum. When you teach it in class, everything is obvious, but when we go back and read the textbook, things get very confusing'. As we got down to decoding this statement, several questions emerged:- Why put students through the gruesome derivation of the sixdegree- of-freedom equations early in the course, preceded by the axis transformations, and followed by the small perturbation math, when the bulk of the course is focussed on the dynamic modesabout straight and level flight trim, which can be easily presented without going this route? - Would it not be nicer to write the equations for the second-order modes in a manner similar to a spring-mass-damper system? Then, one could read off the stiffness and damping directly, which would also give the conditions for stability. - The definitions of 'static' and 'dynamic' stability have been the cause of much student heartbreak. With the second-order form of the equations, the requirement of positive stiffness is the same as the socalled 'static' stability condition, so why not drop the separate notion of static stability entirely? -"--

Aerospace engineers Sinha and Ananthkrishnan present a textbook for an undergraduate course in flight dynamics within an aeronautics curriculum. In investigating complaints by students of earlier textbooks, they discovered that some fundamental formulas that have been used a century were wrong, and correcting them made everything much easier to understand. The book covers the stability concept, longitudinal trim and stability, longitudinal control, long-period (phygoid) dynamics, lateral-directional motion, lateral-directional dynamic modes, and computational flight dynamics. Annotation ©2014 Book News, Inc., Portland, OR (booknews.com)

Many textbooks are unable to step outside the classroom and connect with industrial practice, and most describe difficult-to-rationalize ad hoc derivations of the modal parameters. In contrast,Elementary Flight Dynamics with an Introduction to Bifurcation and Continuation Methods uses an optimal mix of physical insight and mathematical presentation to lead students to the heart of professional aircraft flight dynamics in a pleasant and informative manner.

Presenting an updated version of the aerodynamic model with the corrected definition of the rate (dynamic) derivatives, the book is peppered with examples of real-life airplanes, real airplane data, and solved examples. It plunges directly into the core concepts of aircraft flight dynamics with minimal mathematical fuss. When the 6-degree-of-freedom equations are presented in the final chapter, the students are already familiar with most of the physical concepts and the math is easier to absorb.

Aimed at junior and senior undergraduate students, this book covers recent developments in airplane flight dynamics and introduces bifurcation and continuation methods as a tool for flight dynamic analysis. Designed to help students make the transition from classroom calculations to the real-world of computational flight dynamics, it offers a practical perspective, enhanced by the inclusion of an open source computational tool.

Arvustused

"Flight dynamics is a topic that can cause difficulties to aerospace engineering students. This text leads the reader gently through the material with plenty of practical examples and student exercises. As such, it is easy to follow the material and to gradually develop a deep understanding of a demanding topic. The book is ideal for undergraduate students and is a good text for graduate students." James F Whidborne, Cranfield University, United Kingdom











"This textbook is written by two experienced university lecturers who, after ascertaining the views of their students on the most difficult aspects of this challenging subject, optimised the order in which these are taught and presented here. The book covers all the aspects of flight dynamics traditionally found in such texts interspersed with examples of the treatment of features of current air vehicles. ... In my opinion, this book covers the subject comprehensively and is a desirable reference source for undergraduates and graduates alike." R. J. Poole, MRAeS, The Aeronautical Journal



"The authors ... are well-known and respected professionals in teaching and research, especially in the areas of flight dynamics, stability and control, nonlinear dynamics and bifurcation methods. ... The book design and the methodology of interpretation are directed to a wide range of target audience/population interested in studying the dynamics of flight. Bachelor students can use it as recommended reading. For master and doctoral students, it is not only basic study material for particular problems of flight dynamics, but it also gives an idea of current professional approaches and computational methods for analysing dynamic properties. Given the scale and organization of information, the book will also be a useful tool in the analysis of flight dynamics for professionals in this field. The book is sure to appeal to anyone interested in the dynamics of flight." Jaroslav Salga, Advances in Military Technology, Vol. 9, No. 1, June 2014

Preface xiii
Authors xvii
1 Introduction
1(42)
1.1 What, Why and How?
1(1)
1.2 Aircraft as a Rigid Body
2(5)
1.3 Six Degrees of Freedom
7(3)
1.4 Position, Velocity and Angles
10(4)
1.5 Aircraft Motion in Wind
14(3)
1.6 Longitudinal Flight Dynamics
17(4)
1.7 Longitudinal Dynamics Equations
21(1)
1.8 A Question of Timescales
22(3)
1.9 Longitudinal Trim
25(3)
1.10 Aerodynamic Coefficients CD, CL, Cm
28(6)
1.10.1 Aerodynamic Coefficients with Angle of Attack (α)
30(2)
1.10.2 Aerodynamic Coefficients with Mach Number (Ma)
32(2)
1.11 Wing---Body Trim
34(9)
Exercise Problems
40(2)
References
42(1)
2 Stability Concept
43(40)
2.1 Linear First-Order System
43(3)
2.2 Linear Second-Order System
46(9)
2.3 Nonlinear Second-Order System
55(2)
2.4 Pitch Dynamics about Level Flight Trim
57(1)
2.5 Modelling Small-Perturbation Aerodynamics'
58(4)
2.6 Pitch Dynamics about Level Flight Trim (Contd.)
62(6)
2.6.1 Numerical Example
63(5)
2.7 Short-Period Frequency and Damping
68(1)
2.8 Forced Response
69(8)
2.8.1 First-Order System
70(2)
2.8.2 Second-Order System
72(5)
2.9 Response to Pitch Control
77(6)
2.9.1 Pitch Dynamics about Level Flight Trim with Elevator Control
79(1)
Exercise Problems
80(3)
3 Longitudinal Trim and Stability
83(40)
3.1 Wing---Body Trim and Stability
83(4)
3.2 Wing---Body Plus Tail: Physical Arguments
87(1)
3.3 Wing-Body Plus Tail: Math Model
88(13)
3.3.1 Airplane Lift
93(2)
3.3.2 Airplane Pitching Moment
95(6)
3.4 Role of Downwash
101(1)
3.5 Neutral Point
101(5)
3.5.1 Static Margin
104(1)
3.5.2 NP as Aerodynamic Centre of Entire Airplane
104(2)
3.6 Replacing VH with VH
106(5)
3.6.1 Revised Expressions for NP
108(1)
3.6.2 NP as Aerodynamic Centre of the Entire Airplane
109(2)
3.6.3 Trim and Stability, Again!
111(1)
3.7 Effect of CG Movement
111(4)
3.8 Rear CG Limit due to Airplane Loading and Configuration at Take-Off
115(1)
3.9 Cm, CL Curves---Non-Linearities
116(7)
Exercise Problems
117(5)
Appendix 3.1
122(1)
4 Longitudinal Control
123(38)
4.1 All-Moving Tail
123(2)
4.2 Elevator
125(1)
4.3 Tail Lift with Elevator
126(4)
4.4 Airplane Lift Coefficient with Elevator
130(4)
4.5 Airplane Pitching Moment Coefficient with Elevator
134(3)
4.6 Elevator Influence on Trim and Stability
137(4)
4.6.1 Change in Trim Lift Coefficient
138(2)
4.6.2 Another Viewpoint of Stability
140(1)
4.7 Longitudinal Manoeuvres with the Elevator
141(6)
4.8 Most Forward CG Limit
147(5)
4.8.1 Using Elevator to Compensate for CG Shift
148(1)
4.8.2 Typical Elevator Deflection Limits
149(2)
4.8.3 Forward-Most CG Limit due to Elevator Up-Deflection Limit
151(1)
4.9 NP Determination from Flight Tests
152(2)
4.10 Effect of NP Shift with Mach Number
154(7)
Exercise Problems
157(2)
References
159(2)
5 Long-Period (Phugoid) Dynamics
161(26)
5.1 Phugoid Mode Equations
161(1)
5.2 Energy
162(3)
5.2.1 Normal Acceleration
164(1)
5.3 Phugoid Mode Physics
165(1)
5.4 Phugoid Small-Perturbation Equations
166(2)
5.5 Aerodynamic Modelling with Mach Number
168(2)
5.6 Phugoid Dynamics
170(2)
5.7 Phugoid Mode Frequency and Damping
172(3)
5.8 Accurate Short-Period and Phugoid Approximations
175(3)
5.8.1 Short-Period Mode Dynamics
176(1)
5.8.2 Phugoid Mode Dynamics
177(1)
5.9 Derivative CmMn
178(1)
5.10 Derivative Cmq1 in Pitching Motion
179(2)
5.11 Derivative Cmq1 in Phugoid Motion
181(1)
5.12 Flow Curvature Effects
182(5)
Exercise Problems
184(2)
References
186(1)
6 Lateral-Directional Motion
187(28)
6.1 Review
187(1)
6.2 Directional Disturbance Angles
188(2)
6.3 Directional versus Longitudinal Flight
190(1)
6.4 Lateral Disturbance Angles
191(3)
6.5 Lateral-Directional Rate Variables
194(1)
6.6 Small-Perturbation Lateral-Directional Equations
195(3)
6.7 Lateral-Directional Timescales
198(2)
6.8 Lateral-Directional Aerodynamic Derivatives
200(2)
6.9 Lateral-Directional Small-Perturbation Equations (Contd.)
202(5)
6.10 Lateral-Directional Dynamic Modes
207(8)
6.10.1 Roll (Rate) Mode
207(1)
6.10.2 Dutch Roll Mode
208(4)
6.10.3 Spiral Mode
212(2)
Exercise Problems
214(1)
Reference
214(1)
7 Lateral-Directional Dynamic Modes
215(64)
7.1 Roll (Rate) Mode
215(1)
7.2 Roll Damping Derivative Clp2
216(5)
7.2.1 Special Case of Trapezoidal Wing
218(1)
7.2.2 Owing to Vertical Tail
219(2)
7.3 Roll Control
221(4)
7.4 Aileron Control Derivative, Clδ
225(7)
7.4.1 Other Roll Control Devices
228(1)
7.4.1.1 Roll Control with Spoilers
229(1)
7.4.1.2 Roll Control by Differential Tail
230(1)
7.4.1.3 Roll Control by Rudder
230(2)
7.5 Yaw due to Roll Control
232(3)
7.5.1 Yaw due to Aileron
232(1)
7.5.2 Yaw due to Spoilers
233(1)
7.5.3 Yaw due to Differential Tail
234(1)
7.5.4 Yaw due to Rudder
235(1)
7.6 Aileron Input for a Bank Angle
235(1)
7.7 Dutch Roll Mode
236(5)
7.8 Directional Derivatives CYβp and Clβ
241(8)
7.8.1 Other Contributors to Yaw Stiffness
245(2)
7.8.2 Loss of Vertical Tail Effectiveness
247(2)
7.9 Lateral Derivative: Clβ
249(9)
7.9.1 Wing Dihedral
249(4)
7.9.2 Other Sources of Clβ
253(1)
7.9.2.1 Wing Sweep
253(2)
7.9.2.2 Wing Vertical Position on Fuselage
255(1)
7.9.2.3 Vertical Tail
256(2)
7.10 Damping Derivatives: Cnr1 and Clr1
258(5)
7.10.1 Wing Contribution to Cnr1 and Clr1
259(1)
7.10.2 Vertical Tail Contribution to Cnr1 and Clr1
260(3)
7.11 Rudder Control
263(4)
7.11.1 Crosswind Landing
265(1)
7.11.2 Other Rudder Trim Cases
266(1)
7.12 Spiral Mode
267(5)
7.12.1 Cnr2 and Clr2 Derivatives
269(2)
7.12.2 Spiral Mode Stability
271(1)
7.13 Real-Life Airplane Data
272(7)
Exercise Problems
273(4)
References
277(2)
8 Computational Flight Dynamics
279(64)
8.1 Aircraft Equations of Motion
279(1)
8.2 Derivation of Aircraft Equations of Motion
279(5)
8.2.1 Equations for the Translational Motion
281(3)
8.3 3-2-1 Rule
284(16)
8.3.1 Euler Angles and Transformation
284(4)
8.3.2 Kinematic Equations (Attitude and Position Dynamics)
288(1)
8.3.2.1 Relation between Body Rates (p, q, r) and Euler Rates (φ θ ψ)
288(2)
8.3.2.2 Relation between Inertial Velocity and Body-Axis Velocity Components
290(1)
8.3.2.3 Relation between Body and Wind-Fixed Coordinates (Rotation Triplet (-β) - α - 0)
291(2)
8.3.2.4 Relation between the Body-Axis and Wind-Axis Euler Angles
293(1)
8.3.2.5 Relation between the Body-Axis and Wind-Axis Angular Rates
294(1)
8.3.3 Force Equations Summed Up
295(1)
8.3.3.1 Derivation of Force Equations in Wind-Fixed Axis System
296(4)
8.4 Derivation of Aircraft Equations of Motion (Contd.)
300(6)
8.4.1 Equations for the Rotational Motion
300(1)
8.4.2 Symmetry of Aircraft
301(2)
8.4.3 Sources of Nonlinearity
303(3)
8.5 Numerical Analysis of Aircraft Motions
306(3)
8.5.1 Generalized Airplane Trim and Stability Analysis
307(1)
8.5.1.1 Local Dynamic Behaviour: Trim and Stability Analysis
307(2)
8.6 Standard Bifurcation Analysis
309(10)
8.6.1 Application of SBA to F-18/HARV Dynamics
313(1)
8.6.1.1 Stall and Post-Stall Solutions
313(4)
8.6.1.2 Roll Manoeuvres
317(2)
8.7 Extended Bifurcation Analysis (EBA)
319(24)
8.7.1 Straight and Level Flight Trim
320(5)
8.7.2 Coordinated (Zero Sideslip) Level Turn Trim
325(3)
8.7.3 Performance and Stability Analysis
328(1)
8.7.3.1 Straight and Level Flight Trim
328(3)
8.7.3.2 Level Turn Manoeuvre
331(3)
8.7.3.3 Maximum Roll Rate in a Roll Manoeuvre
334(1)
Exercise Problems
335(1)
Appendix 8.1 Small-Perturbation Equations
336(2)
Appendix 8.2 F-18 Data
338(2)
Appendix 8.3 Equations and Aircraft Data Used for Roll Manoeuvre
340(1)
References
340(3)
Index 343