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vii | |
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ix | |
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List of Acronyms and Abbreviations |
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x | |
Preface |
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xi | |
Acknowledgements |
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xiii | |
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1 | (26) |
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1 | (1) |
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The decline of the African elephant |
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2 | (2) |
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The role of the ivory trade |
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4 | (7) |
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The economics of the decline in elephant populations |
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11 | (3) |
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Further issues in the decline of elephant populations |
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14 | (3) |
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Economic incentives for conservation |
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17 | (4) |
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21 | (6) |
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Appendix 1.1 A bioeconomic model of elephant decline |
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22 | (5) |
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2 African Exports: Quantity and Value |
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27 | (22) |
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27 | (1) |
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Background to Africa's ivory trade |
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27 | (3) |
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Estimating African ivory exports: 1950-88 |
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30 | (3) |
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The value of African ivory exports: 1979-88 |
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33 | (6) |
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Intra-Africa trade and the African carving industry |
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39 | (10) |
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Appendix 2.1 An approach to estimating African ivory exports, 1950-88 |
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44 | (2) |
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Appendix 2.2 Estimating the value of African ivory exports, 1979-88 |
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46 | (3) |
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3 The Ivory Trade Flow: Worked and Unworked |
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49 | (32) |
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Intermediate and final demand |
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49 | (2) |
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Difficulties in tracing ivory trade flows |
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51 | (2) |
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Trade flows and final demand: Hong Kong and Japan |
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53 | (8) |
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Trade flows and final demand: Europe |
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61 | (3) |
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Trade flows and final demand: USA |
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64 | (3) |
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Trade flows and final demand: China |
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67 | (2) |
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Trade flows and final demand: India |
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69 | (2) |
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Trade flows and final demand: other countries |
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71 | (10) |
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75 | (1) |
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Appendix 3.1 Worked ivory trade database |
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75 | (6) |
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4 Demand Analysis: Japan and Hong Kong |
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81 | (24) |
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81 | (2) |
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83 | (8) |
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91 | (14) |
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100 | (1) |
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Appendix 4.1 The raw ivory demand model: Japan |
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101 | (1) |
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Appendix 4.2 The raw ivory demand model: Hong Kong |
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101 | (4) |
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5 Policies for the Regulation of the Ivory Trade |
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105 | (26) |
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105 | (3) |
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Regulation in the range states |
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108 | (7) |
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Previous attempts at international regulation |
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115 | (5) |
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International regulation and the African elephant |
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120 | (5) |
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Alternative mechanisms for international regulation |
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125 | (6) |
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128 | (3) |
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6 Looking to the Future: Policy Options to Save the Elephant |
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131 | (19) |
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Current CITES regulation: The Appendix I Listing |
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131 | (1) |
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The impact of an ivory trade ban |
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132 | (6) |
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A proposal for the international regulation of the trade |
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138 | (3) |
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Domestic reform: the importance of local ownership |
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141 | (9) |
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Conclusion: The future of the African elephant |
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146 | (4) |
Index |
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150 | |