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Energy Management: Conservation and Audits [Kõva köide]

(Birla Institute of Technology Mesra, Ranchi, INDIA), (Gaya College of Engineering, India), (Delhi Technological University, Delhi, India), (Delhi Technological University, Delhi, India)
  • Formaat: Hardback, 178 pages, kõrgus x laius: 234x156 mm, kaal: 417 g, 17 Tables, black and white; 35 Illustrations, black and white
  • Ilmumisaeg: 29-Jul-2020
  • Kirjastus: CRC Press
  • ISBN-10: 0367343835
  • ISBN-13: 9780367343835
Teised raamatud teemal:
Energy Management: Conservation and AuditsSuurem pilt
  • Formaat: Hardback, 178 pages, kõrgus x laius: 234x156 mm, kaal: 417 g, 17 Tables, black and white; 35 Illustrations, black and white
  • Ilmumisaeg: 29-Jul-2020
  • Kirjastus: CRC Press
  • ISBN-10: 0367343835
  • ISBN-13: 9780367343835
Teised raamatud teemal:
Püsilink: https://www.kriso.ee/db/9780367343835.html
Märksõnad:
Energy Management: Conservation and Audit discusses the global energy scenario including energy conservation, management and audit along with the methodology supported by industrial examples. Energy economics of systems has been elaborated with concepts of life cycle assessment and costing, and rate of return. Topics such as energy storage, co-generation, and waste heat recovery vital to energy efficiency have been discussed with case studies. The challenges faced in conserving energy sources (steam and electricity) have been elaborated along with the improvements in the lighting sector. Further, it covers optimization procedures for development in the industry related to energy conservation. Focussed on researchers, renior undergraduate and graduate students in Energy Management, Sustainable Energy, Renewable Energy, Audits and Conservation, this volume Covers current information related to energy management and includes energy audit in a single volumeReviews all the main equipment (boilers, CHP, pumps, heat exchangers) as well as procedural frameworks (energy audits, action planning, monitoring)Includes energy production and management from an industrial perspectiveHighlights the various processes involved in the energy conservation and auditing in the various sectors and associated methodsExplores future energy options and directions for energy security and sustainability
Foreword xiii
Preface xv
Acknowledgment xvii
Authors xix
Chapter 1 Fundamentals of Energy and Energy Scenario
1(12)
1.1 Fundamentals of Energy
1(1)
1.2 Various Types of Energy
1(1)
1.2.1 Potential Energy
1(1)
1.2.1.1 Chemical Energy
1(1)
1.2.1.2 Nuclear Energy
1(1)
1.2.1.3 Stored Mechanical Energy
2(1)
1.2.2 Kinetic Energy
2(1)
1.3 Commercial and Non-commercial Energy
2(1)
1.3.1 Commercial Energy
2(1)
1.3.2 Non-commercial Energy
2(1)
1.4 Grades of Energy
3(1)
1.4.1 High-Grade Energy
3(1)
1.4.2 Low-Grade Energy
3(1)
1.5 Energy Demand and Supply in India
3(1)
1.5.1 Energy Demand
3(1)
1.5.2 Energy Supply
4(1)
1.6 Energy Scenario in India
4(6)
1.6.1 Non-Renewable Energy Supply Options
5(2)
1.6.1.1 Coal
7(1)
1.6.1.2 Petroleum/Oil
8(1)
1.6.1.3 Natural Gas
9(1)
1.6.1.4 Nuclear Energy
9(1)
1.7 Energy Security in India
10(1)
1.8 Future Energy Strategy
11(2)
1.8.1 Immediate Term Action Plan
11(1)
1.8.2 Medium Term Action Plan
11(1)
1.8.3 Long-Term Action Plan
11(1)
Questions
12(1)
Chapter 2 Energy Management and Energy Conservation Opportunities
13(26)
2.1 Energy Management
13(1)
2.1.1 Energy Management Techniques
13(1)
2.1.1.1 Self-Information and Attentiveness Amongst the Crowds
13(1)
2.1.1.2 Reengineering and Estimates
14(1)
2.1.1.3 Updates of Technology
14(1)
2.2 Tariff
14(4)
2.2.1 Objectives of Tariff
14(1)
2.2.2 Characteristics of a Tariff
15(1)
2.2.3 Various Kinds of Tariff
15(3)
2.3 Energy Conservation
18(1)
2.4 Energy Conservation Opportunities (ECOs)
19(20)
2.4.1 Energy Conservation in Households
19(4)
2.4.2 Energy Conservation in the Transport Sector
23(1)
2.4.3 Energy Conservation in the Agriculture Sector
24(1)
2.4.4 Energy Conservation for the Industries Sector
24(10)
2.4.5 Energy Conservation in Lighting
34(2)
2.4.6 Energy-Saving Opportunities in HVAC
36(1)
Questions
37(2)
Chapter 3 Energy Audit
39(24)
3.1 Concept of Energy Audit
39(1)
3.2 Type of Energy Audit
40(6)
3.2.1 The Type of Energy Audit to be Performed Depends On
40(1)
3.2.2 Preliminary Energy Audit Methodology
40(1)
3.2.3 Detailed Energy Audit Methodology
41(1)
3.2.3.1 General Process for Detailed Audit of Energy
41(2)
3.2.3.2 A Guide to Energy Audits Conducting at a Glance
43(3)
3.3 Collecting Data Strategy
46(1)
3.4 Technical and Economic Feasibility
47(1)
3.5 Types of Energy Conservation Measures
48(1)
3.6 Understanding Energy Costs
48(1)
3.6.1 Fuel Costs
49(1)
3.6.2 Power Costs
49(1)
3.7 Benchmarking and Energy Performance
49(2)
3.8 Plant Energy Performance
51(1)
3.8.1 Production Factor
51(1)
3.8.2 Reference Year Equivalent Energy Use
51(1)
3.8.3 Monthly Energy Performance
52(1)
3.9 Fuel and Energy Substitution
52(1)
3.10 The Energy Conservation Act 2001 and Its Features
52(4)
3.10.1 Pol icy Framework--Energy Conservation Act--2001
52(1)
3.10.2 Important Characteristics of the Energy Conservation Act
53(1)
3.10.3 Designated Consumers
53(1)
3.10.4 Certification of Energy Managers and Accreditation of Energy Auditing Firms
53(1)
3.10.5 Energy Conservation Building Codes
54(1)
3.10.6 Central Energy Conservation Fund
54(1)
3.10.7 Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE)
54(1)
3.10.7.1 Role of Bureau of Energy Efficiency
55(1)
3.10.7.2 Role of Central and State Governments
55(1)
3.10.7.3 Enforcement Through Self-Regulation
55(1)
3.10.7.4 Penalties and Adjudication
55(1)
3.11 Responsibilities and Duties to be Assigned Under the Energy Conservation Act, 2001
56(1)
3.11.1 Energy Manager: Responsibilities
56(1)
3.11.2 Energy Manager: Duties
56(1)
3.11.3 Energy Auditors: Responsibilities
57(1)
3.11.4 Energy Auditors: Duties
57(1)
3.12 Energy Audit Instruments
57(6)
3.12.1 Electrical Measuring Instruments
57(1)
3.12.2 Energy Meter
58(1)
3.12.3 Combustion Analyzer
58(1)
3.12.4 Fuel Efficiency Monitor
58(1)
3.12.5 Fyrite
58(1)
3.12.6 Contact Thermometer
58(1)
3.12.7 Infrared Thermometer
59(1)
3.12.8 Pitot Tube and Manometer
59(1)
3.12.9 Water Flow Meter
59(1)
3.12.10 Speed Measurements
59(1)
3.12.11 Leak Detectors
59(1)
3.12.12 Py ranometer
59(1)
3.12.13 Lux Meters
60(1)
3.12.14 Anemometer
60(1)
Questions
60(3)
Chapter 4 Material and Energy Balance
63(20)
4.1 Basic Principles of Energy and Mass Balances
63(2)
4.2 Usage and the Working of the Sankey Diagram
65(1)
4.3 Material Balances
65(6)
4.3.1 Basis and Units
66(1)
4.3.2 Net Mass and Composition
66(1)
4.3.3 Concentrations
67(2)
4.3.4 Types of Process Situations
69(1)
4.3.4.1 Continuous Processes
69(1)
4.3.4.2 Blending
70(1)
4.3.4.3 Drying
70(1)
4.4 Energy Balances
71(5)
4.4.1 Heat Balances
71(3)
4.4.2 Entry of Heat
74(1)
4.4.3 Left Out Heat
74(1)
4.4.4 Types of Energy
74(1)
4.4.5 Summary
75(1)
4.5 Preparation of Process Flow Chart
76(1)
4.6 Facility as an Energy System
77(2)
4.6.1 Boiler System
78(1)
4.6.2 Cooling Tower
78(1)
4.6.3 System of Compressed Air
79(1)
4.7 Procedures in Carrying Out Balancing in Energy and Mass
79(4)
4.7.1 Guidelines for Material and Energy Balance
79(1)
4.7.2 Procedure for Energy and Mass Balance Calculation
80(1)
Questions
81(2)
Chapter 5 Energy Action Planning
83(12)
5.1 Energy Management System
83(12)
5.1.1 Support and Commitment of the Top Management
83(1)
5.1.1.1 Energy Manager Appointment
83(1)
5.1.1.2 Dedicated Energy Team Formation
84(1)
5.1.1.3 Establishment of Energy Policy
84(1)
5.1.2 Performance of Energy Assessment
85(1)
5.1.2.1 Collection of Data and Management
85(2)
5.1.2.2 Baseline Establishment
87(1)
5.1.2.3 Benchmark
87(1)
5.1.2.4 Analysis and Evaluation
88(1)
5.1.2.5 Conduct Technical Assessments & Audits
89(1)
5.1.3 Goals Setting in an Energy Management Organization
89(1)
5.1.4 Formulation of an Action Plan
90(2)
5.1.5 Implement and Execution of Action Plan
92(1)
5.1.6 Process of Evaluating Progress
93(1)
5.1.7 Achievement Recognition: A Tool for Motivation
93(1)
Questions
94(1)
Chapter 6 Monitoring and Targeting
95(10)
6.1 Introduction
95(2)
6.1.1 A Case Study: Toray Textiles (EUROPE) Ltd
96(1)
6.2 Elements of Targeting & Monitoring System
97(1)
6.3 Analysis of Data and Information
97(1)
6.4 Application
98(4)
6.4.1 Energy and Production
98(1)
6.4.2 Development of Energy Performance Model
98(1)
6.4.2.1 Step 1: Plot Energy Usage vs. Production
99(1)
6.4.2.2 Step 2: Determine the Baseline Relationship
99(3)
6.5 Cumulative Sum Control Chart
102(3)
6.5.1 Step 1: Calculate the CUSUM
102(1)
6.5.2 Step 2: Interpret the CUSUM Graph
103(1)
6.5.3 Summary: Regression and CUSUM
103(1)
Questions
103(2)
Chapter 7 Electrical Energy Management
105(18)
7.1 Maximum Demand Basics
105(1)
7.2 Improvement of Power Factor
106(1)
7.3 Capacitor Locations
106(1)
7.4 Pump
107(4)
7.4.1 Classification of Pumps
107(1)
7.4.1.1 Positive Displacement Pumps
107(1)
7.4.1.2 Rotodynamic Pumps
108(1)
7.4.1.3 Other Types of Pumps
109(2)
7.5 Fan Systems
111(5)
7.5.1 Types of Fan
111(1)
7.5.1.1 Types of Centrifugal Fan
112(1)
7.5.1.2 Types of Axial Flow Fans
113(1)
7.5.2 Assessment of Performance of Fans
113(1)
7.5.2.1 Measurement of the Flow of Air
113(1)
7.5.2.2 Velocity Pressure/Velocity Calculation
114(1)
7.5.2.3 Efficiency of Fan
115(1)
7.5.3 Energy Conservation Opportunities in Fans
115(1)
7.6 Energy-Efficient Motors
116(7)
7.6.1 Salient Features of Motor Performance
117(1)
7.6.2 Stator and Rotor I2R Losses
118(1)
7.6.3 Core Losses
119(1)
7.6.4 Friction and Windage Losses
119(1)
7.6.5 Stray Load-Losses
119(1)
7.6.6 Technicality Related to the Motors for Energy Efficiency
120(1)
Questions
120(3)
Chapter 8 Thermal Energy Management
123(20)
8.1 Boiler
123(5)
8.1.1 Boiler Types and Classification
124(1)
8.1.2 Boiler Performance Evaluation
124(1)
8.1.3 Energy Conservation Opportunities in Boiler
125(3)
8.2 Industrial Heating System
128(6)
8.2.1 Classification of Furnaces
128(1)
8.2.1.1 Oil Fired Furnace
128(1)
8.2.1.2 Typical Furnace System
128(1)
8.2.1.3 Rerolling Mill Furnace
128(2)
8.2.2 Furnace Heat Transfer
130(1)
8.2.2.1 Types of Continuous Reheating Furnace
131(2)
8.2.3 Furnace Energy Supply
133(1)
8.2.4 Furnace Performance Evaluation
133(1)
8.3 Fluidized Bed Combustion (FBC) Boilers
134(1)
8.3.1 Introduction to FBC Boilers
134(1)
8.3.2 Mechanism of Fluidized Bed Combustion
134(1)
8.4 Cogeneration
135(2)
8.4.1 Need for Cogeneration
135(1)
8.4.2 Steam Turbine Cogeneration Systems
135(1)
8.4.3 Gas Turbine Cogeneration Systems
136(1)
8.4.4 Reciprocating Engine Cogeneration System
136(1)
8.4.5 Classification of Cogeneration Systems
136(1)
8.5 Biomass Utilization in FBC and Co-generation Technology
137(1)
8.6 Waste Heat Recovery
138(2)
8.6.1 Benefits of Waste Heat Recovery
138(1)
8.6.1.1 Direct Benefits
138(1)
8.6.1.2 Indirect Benefits
138(1)
8.6.2 Development of a Waste Heat Recovery System
139(1)
8.6.2.1 Commercial Waste Heat Recovery Devices
139(1)
8.7 Thermal Insulation
140(3)
Questions
141(2)
Chapter 9 Building Energy Management
143(16)
9.1 Introduction
143(1)
9.2 Factors Affecting Climate
144(5)
9.3 Energy Conservation Building Code-Provisions in the EC Act 2001
149(3)
9.3.1 E.C.B.C. Development
149(1)
9.3.2 Broad Stakeholder Participation
150(1)
9.3.3 Features of E.C.B.C
150(1)
9.3.4 E.C.B.C--Major Elements of the Building Plan
151(1)
9.3.5 E.C.B.C. Benefits
151(1)
9.3.6 E.C.B.C. Implementation--All India Level
152(1)
9.3.7 Road Map to Make E.C.B.C. Mandatory
152(1)
9.4 Energy Conservation Measures -
152(4)
9.4.1 Building Envelope
152(1)
9.4.2 Ventilation and Indoor Air Quality
152(1)
9.4.3 Electrical Systems
153(3)
9.5 Commercial and Industrial Buildings
156(1)
9.5.1 Building-Envelope Technologies
156(1)
9.5.1.1 Light-Pipe Technologies
156(1)
9.5.1.2 HVAC Systems and Controls
156(1)
9.5.1.3 Cogeneration
157(1)
9.6 Energy Saving in Buildings Due to Various Passive Systems
157(1)
9.7 Barriers in Adopting Energy Efficiency in Residential Buildings
157(2)
Questions
158(1)
Chapter 10 Economic Analysis and Project Planning Techniques
159(14)
10.1 Life Cycle Cost (LCC) and Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) Method
159(1)
10.1.1 Li fe Cycle Assessment (LCA) Method
159(1)
10.2 Levelized Cost of Energy
160(1)
10.3 Simple Payback Period
161(1)
10.4 Ti me Value of Money
162(1)
10.5 Return on Investment (ROI)
163(1)
10.6 Net Present Value (NPV)
163(2)
10.7 Internal Rate of Return
165(2)
10.8 Cash Flows
167(1)
10.9 Sensitivity Analysis
168(1)
10.10 Project Planning Techniques; CPM and Pert
168(5)
Questions
171(2)
References 173(2)
Index 175
Anil Kumar, Om Prakash, Prashant Singh Chauhan, Samsher Gautam