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Energy Return on Investment: A Unifying Principle for Biology, Economics, and Sustainability 1st ed. 2017 [Kõva köide]

3.70/5 (18 hinnangut Goodreads-ist)
  • Formaat: Hardback, 174 pages, kõrgus x laius: 235x155 mm, kaal: 4085 g, 52 Illustrations, color; 15 Illustrations, black and white; XII, 174 p. 67 illus., 52 illus. in color., 1 Hardback
  • Sari: Lecture Notes in Energy 36
  • Ilmumisaeg: 06-Dec-2016
  • Kirjastus: Springer International Publishing AG
  • ISBN-10: 3319478206
  • ISBN-13: 9783319478203
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Energy Return on Investment: A Unifying Principle for Biology, Economics, and Sustainability 1st ed. 2017Suurem pilt
  • Formaat: Hardback, 174 pages, kõrgus x laius: 235x155 mm, kaal: 4085 g, 52 Illustrations, color; 15 Illustrations, black and white; XII, 174 p. 67 illus., 52 illus. in color., 1 Hardback
  • Sari: Lecture Notes in Energy 36
  • Ilmumisaeg: 06-Dec-2016
  • Kirjastus: Springer International Publishing AG
  • ISBN-10: 3319478206
  • ISBN-13: 9783319478203
Teised raamatud teemal:
Püsilink: https://www.kriso.ee/db/9783319478203.html
Märksõnad:
This authoritative but highly accessible book presents the reader with a powerful framework for understanding the critical role of the energy return on investment (EROI) in the survival and well-being of individuals, ecosystems, businesses, economies and nations. Growth and development are fundamental and ubiquitous processes at all scales, from individuals to food crops to national economies. While we are all familiar with the concepts of economic growth and living standards as measured by gross domestic product (GDP), we often take for granted the energy use that underpins GDP and our expectations for year-on-year growth. In this book, you will learn how these measures of "progress" are completely dependent on the balance that can be achieved between energy costs (inputs) and gains. Nothing is made or moved without an energy surplus, and it is the EROI of available energy sources more than any other single factor that determines the shape of civilization. Nearly all politics an

d economics assume that policy and market forces are the levers upon which future outcomes will hinge. However, this book presents many examples of historical and current events that can be explained much more clearly from an energetic perspective. In addition, a future scenario is developed that gives a central place to EROI in assessing the potential of governmental and private initiatives to substitute so-called renewable energy sources for diminishing stocks of fossil fuels. When cheap fossil fuels are no longer available in the abundance needed to mask economic problems and power business as usual, it will be EROI more than the plethora of "green" technologies that creates the boundary conditions for a sustainable future.

Energy as the master resource.- The ecological theatre and the evolutionary play.- Energy Return on Investment as master driver.- Calculating Energy costs and gains in plant and animal populations.- Calculating Energy costs and gains in human societies.- Maximum Power.- The future in a lower EROI world.

Arvustused

The book Energy Return on Investment, self-deprecatingly put forth as a nontechnical story, succeeds in providing a cohesive and intellectually rigorous theory that transcends economics and biology. I highly recommend this book to policymakers and the business community to more accurately forecast the future, as well as to engineers and scientists of all disciplines. Energy Return on Investment is technically relevant and written with accessible language. (John R. Schramski, BioScience, July, 2018)









In Energy Return on Investment, systems ecologist Charles A. S. Hall argues that to truly understand most investments, one must view them in terms of energy. Energy Return on Investmentis a solid introduction to a vital subject, and Hall is uniquely qualified to author it. Hall invented the very term energy return on investment, and hes done decades of seminal research on the phenomenon that it describes. (Frank Kaminski, resilience.org, April, 2018)

In Energy Return on Investment, Dr. Hall has written an approachable and short introduction to how energy flows through and structures our world, ecosystems, and society. Energy Return on Investment is an excellent primer with which to understand the world around us and make good investment choices for ourselves and the generations to come. (Jon Freise, Resilience, resilience.org, June, 2017)

Part I Energy and Investments
1 Investments
3(4)
Reference
6(1)
2 The Development of the Laws of Thermodynamics
7(14)
2.1 The History of Our Understanding of Energy
7(2)
2.2 Heat Energy
9(1)
2.3 Developing the Laws of Thermodynamics
10(4)
2.4 Understanding the Laws of Thermodynamics Today
14(1)
2.5 Implications of the Second Law
15(3)
2.6 The Second Law and Efficiencies
18(3)
Reference
20(1)
3 About Energy
21(12)
3.1 What Is Energy?
23(2)
3.2 Biology
25(1)
3.3 Quantity of Energy
25(1)
3.4 Exergy and Emergy
26(1)
3.5 Quality of Energy
26(1)
3.6 Types of Energy
27(1)
3.7 Energy Density
28(1)
3.8 Power
29(4)
References
31(2)
4 Energy and the Physical World
33(16)
4.1 Main Sources of Energy on Earth
33(2)
4.2 Hadley Cells
35(3)
4.3 "Investments" by Nature
38(1)
4.4 The Formation of Fossil Fuels
39(2)
4.5 Oil
41(1)
4.6 Natural Gas
42(1)
4.7 Unconventional Petroleum: The Fracking Revolution
42(3)
4.8 Coal
45(4)
References
46(3)
Part II Energy and Biology
5 The Ecological Theater and the Evolutionary Play
49(10)
5.1 Energy and Biology
50(3)
5.2 Fuels
53(2)
5.3 Metabolism
55(4)
References
57(2)
6 Energy Return on Investment as Master Driver of Evolution
59(14)
6.1 Darwinian Evolution
59(3)
6.2 Fitness
62(1)
6.3 What Determines the Distribution and Abundance of Species?
63(2)
6.4 Energy as the Master Resource for Evolution
65(1)
6.5 Energy Return on Investment as Master Driver
66(5)
6.5.1 A Special Section for Fly Fishers
67(3)
6.5.2 EROI and the Growth of Tits
70(1)
6.6 Energy Return on Investment as the Means of Obtaining Darwinian Fitness
71(2)
References
72(1)
7 Maximum Power and Biology
73(16)
7.1 History
73(2)
7.2 Maximum Power for One Process
75(6)
7.3 Maximum Power for Systems
81(4)
7.4 Proposals for Maximum Power Principle as the 4th Thermodynamic Law
85(1)
7.5 Conclusion
85(4)
References
86(3)
Part III Energy and Human Economies
8 Energy in Early Human Economies
89(6)
8.1 Application to Our Early Ancestors
89(1)
8.2 Hunter-Gatherers
90(1)
8.3 Agriculture and Deforestation
91(1)
8.4 Were Early Human Societies Sustainable?
92(1)
8.5 Expense of Energy to Early Civilizations
92(1)
8.6 EROI Analyses Over Very Long Periods of Time
93(2)
References
94(1)
9 Fossil Fuels
95(12)
9.1 Economic Implications of Fossil Fuels
98(1)
9.2 Efficiency in Energy Use
99(1)
9.3 Fossil Energy and Economics
100(1)
9.4 The Role of BioPhysical Economics
101(6)
References
105(2)
10 EROI and Industrial Economies
107(12)
10.1 Introduction
107(2)
10.2 Why Should EROI Change Over Time: Technology Versus Depletion
109(2)
10.3 What We Know About EROI Values and Trends for Different Fuels
111(8)
References
116(3)
11 Methods and Critiques for EROI Applied to Modern Fuels
119(26)
11.1 How We Do EROI Analysis: More Detail
119(3)
11.2 Energy Return Data
122(1)
11.3 Energy Investment Data
122(4)
11.3.1 National Energy Accounts of Direct Energy Used
123(1)
11.3.2 National-Level Accounts for Capital Expenditures and Other Indirect Uses
124(1)
11.3.3 Process Analysis
125(1)
11.4 Quality Corrections
126(1)
11.5 Estimating EROI at Point of Use
127(1)
11.6 EROI of Obtaining Energy Through Trade
128(1)
11.7 Methodological Issues, Problems and Criticisms of EROI
129(7)
11.7.1 Criticisms of EROI Studies: Definitions
130(1)
11.7.2 Differences in Results: Corn-Based Ethanol
131(1)
11.7.3 Differences in Results: Photovoltaic Systems
132(1)
11.7.4 Corrections for Energy Quality
133(1)
11.7.5 Theoretical Versus Empirical Assessments of Electricity Output
134(1)
11.7.6 Boundaries and Comprehensiveness of the Cost Assessments
135(1)
11.7.7 Technological Changes Over Time
136(1)
11.8 Other Issues That Need Consideration That Might Decrease the EROI of Solar Energy: Storage
136(1)
11.9 Exponential Growth of Energy Production
137(1)
11.10 Summary of Critiques
138(1)
11.11 Further Issues in Comprehensiveness of EROI Analysis
138(1)
11.12 Business Services and Taxes
139(1)
11.13 Labor
139(6)
References
140(5)
12 The History, Future, and Implications of EROI for Society
145(26)
12.1 Sustainability
145(1)
12.2 Peak Oil: How Long Can We Depend on Oil and Other Fossil Fuels?
146(4)
12.3 New Technologies to the Rescue?
150(2)
12.4 EROI
152(2)
12.5 What Level EROI Does Society Need?
154(1)
12.6 Economic Impacts of Peak Oil and Decreasing EROI
155(7)
12.6.1 Secular Stagnation
159(3)
12.7 Developing Energy Policy
162(9)
References
167(4)
Index 171
Charles Hall is a Systems Ecologist who received his PhD under Howard T. Odum at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Dr. Hall is Professor Emeritus at the College of Environmental Science and Forestry at the State University of New York, and the author or editor of twelve books and nearly 300 scholarly articles. He has worked or taught in some 30 different countries. He is best known for development of the concept of EROI, or energy return on investment, which is an examination of how organisms, including humans, invest energy into obtaining additional energy to improve biotic or social fitness. He has applied these approaches to fish migrations, carbon balance, tropical land use change, the extraction of petroleum and other fuels, and how EROI influences the ability of society to achieve different levels of economic and social development. Presently he is developing a new field, BioPhysical Economics, as a supplement or alternative to conventional neoclassical economics,while applying systems and EROI thinking to a broad series of resource and economic issues.