Preface |
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iii | |
Contents |
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vii | |
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xi | |
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1 | (20) |
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1.1 Thermodynamic Systems |
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2 | (2) |
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4 | (1) |
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1.3 Macroscopic and Microscopic Approaches |
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4 | (1) |
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4 | (1) |
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1.5 Thermodynamic Equilibrium |
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5 | (1) |
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5 | (1) |
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5 | (1) |
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5 | (1) |
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6 | (1) |
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6 | (1) |
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1.11 Point (State) Function |
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7 | (1) |
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7 | (1) |
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8 | (1) |
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8 | (1) |
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8 | (1) |
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9 | (1) |
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9 | (1) |
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1.18 Work and Heat---A Comparison |
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9 | (1) |
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10 | (1) |
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1.20 Compressibility Factor |
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11 | (10) |
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21 | (22) |
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21 | (1) |
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22 | (1) |
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2.3 PdV Work in various Quasi-Static Processes |
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23 | (1) |
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2.4 Some Typical Work Forms other than PdV Work |
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24 | (1) |
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25 | (1) |
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2.6 Net Work Done by System |
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26 | (1) |
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26 | (1) |
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26 | (1) |
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26 | (1) |
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2.10 Heat Transfer and Work Transfer---Salient Features |
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27 | (16) |
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3 First Law of Thermodynamics |
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43 | (39) |
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3.1 First Law of Thermodynamics |
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43 | (1) |
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3.2 Energy as a System Property |
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44 | (1) |
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3.3 Different Forms of Stored Energy |
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44 | (1) |
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45 | (1) |
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3.5 Applications of the First Law of Thermodynamics |
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45 | (2) |
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3.6 Stored Energy of a System in a Flow Process |
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47 | (1) |
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3.7 Steady Flow Energy Equation |
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48 | (3) |
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3.8 Unsteady Flow Processes |
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51 | (3) |
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3.9 Limitations of the First Law of Thermodynamics |
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54 | (1) |
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3.10 Perpetual Motion Machine I |
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54 | (28) |
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4 Second Law of Thermodynamics |
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82 | (48) |
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83 | (1) |
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83 | (2) |
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85 | (1) |
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85 | (1) |
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4.5 Statements of the Second Law |
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86 | (2) |
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4.6 Perpetual Motion Machine II |
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88 | (1) |
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88 | (4) |
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4.8 Thermodynamic Temperature Scale |
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92 | (1) |
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4.9 Types of Irreversibility |
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92 | (1) |
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93 | (37) |
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130 | (52) |
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5.1 Entropy as a Property |
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130 | (1) |
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5.2 Entropy Change for Isolated System |
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131 | (1) |
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132 | (1) |
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5.4 Entropy and Third Law of Thermodynamics |
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133 | (1) |
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5.5 First and Second Laws Combined |
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134 | (1) |
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5.6 Entropy Change of a Pure Substance |
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134 | (5) |
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5.7 Change of Entropy of Typical Processes |
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139 | (3) |
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5.8 Mechanism of Entropy Transfer |
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142 | (1) |
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143 | (1) |
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5.10 Entropy Balance for Closed Systems |
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144 | (1) |
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5.11 Entropy Balance for Steady-flow Processes |
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145 | (1) |
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5.12 Entropy of the Universe is increasing |
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145 | (37) |
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6 Thermodynamic Availability |
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182 | (31) |
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183 | (1) |
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6.2 Available Energy of a Heat Source |
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183 | (1) |
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6.3 Decrease in Available Energy Because of Finite Temperature Difference Between the Source and the Body |
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184 | (1) |
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6.4 Degree of Availability of Energy from a Finite Heat Source |
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185 | (1) |
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185 | (1) |
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6.6 Law of Degradation of Energy |
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186 | (1) |
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186 | (1) |
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6.8 Exergy of Ideal Gas Systems |
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187 | (1) |
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6.9 Exergy Consumption and Entropy Generation in a Non-flow Process |
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188 | (1) |
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6.10 Exergy Consumption in Steady Flow Process |
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189 | (1) |
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189 | (24) |
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213 | (33) |
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213 | (1) |
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7.2 Temperature-Enthalpy Diagram of Water |
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214 | (1) |
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7.3 Temperature-Entropy Diagram of Water |
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215 | (2) |
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217 | (1) |
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7.5 Steam Tables and the Mollier Diagram |
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218 | (28) |
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246 | (23) |
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246 | (1) |
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247 | (1) |
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8.3 Internal Energy and Enthalpy of an Ideal Gas |
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247 | (1) |
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8.4 Specific Heats of an Ideal Gas |
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247 | (1) |
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248 | (1) |
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248 | (1) |
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8.7 Law of Corresponding States |
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249 | (1) |
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250 | (1) |
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8.9 Dalton's Law of Partial Pressures |
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251 | (1) |
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8.10 Thermodynamic Properties of Gas Mixtures |
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252 | (1) |
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8.11 Gibbs Function of Ideal Gas Mixtures |
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253 | (16) |
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269 | (64) |
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9.1 Steam Power Plant Cycle |
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270 | (2) |
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272 | (1) |
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272 | (9) |
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9.4 Qualities of Ideal Working Fluid for Vapour Power Cycles |
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281 | (1) |
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9.5 Binary Vapour Power Cycles |
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281 | (52) |
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333 | (68) |
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334 | (6) |
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10.2 Reciprocating Internal Combustion Engines |
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340 | (8) |
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348 | (2) |
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10.4 Comparison of Otto, Diesel, and Dual Cycles |
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350 | (1) |
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351 | (2) |
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10.6 Engine Performance Parameters |
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353 | (48) |
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401 | |
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11.1 Refrigerators and Heat Pumps |
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401 | (2) |
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11.2 The Reversed Carnot Cycle |
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403 | (2) |
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11.3 Ideal Vapour Compression Refrigeration Cycle |
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405 | (1) |
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11.4 Actual Vapour Compression Refrigeration Cycle |
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406 | (2) |
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11.5 Selecting the Right Refrigerant |
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408 | |