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Engineer's Guide to Plant Layout and Piping Design for the Oil and Gas Industries [Pehme köide]

(Professional Engineer and Principal Consultant, Independent Oil and Gas Consultants, USA)
  • Formaat: Paperback / softback, 532 pages, kõrgus x laius: 235x191 mm, kaal: 1160 g
  • Ilmumisaeg: 25-Nov-2017
  • Kirjastus: Gulf Professional Publishing
  • ISBN-10: 0128146532
  • ISBN-13: 9780128146538
Teised raamatud teemal:
  • Formaat: Paperback / softback, 532 pages, kõrgus x laius: 235x191 mm, kaal: 1160 g
  • Ilmumisaeg: 25-Nov-2017
  • Kirjastus: Gulf Professional Publishing
  • ISBN-10: 0128146532
  • ISBN-13: 9780128146538
Teised raamatud teemal:

The Engineer’s Guide to Plant Layout and Piping Design for the Oil and Gas Industries gives pipeline engineers and plant managers a critical real-world reference to design, manage, and implement safe and effective plants and piping systems for today’s operations. This book fills a training void with complete and practical understanding of the requirements and procedures for producing a safe, economical, operable and maintainable process facility. Easy to understand for the novice, this guide includes critical standards, newer designs, practical checklists and rules of thumb.

Due to a lack of structured training in academic and technical institutions, engineers and pipe designers today may understand various computer software programs but lack the fundamental understanding and implementation of how to lay out process plants and run piping correctly in the oil and gas industry. Starting with basic terms, codes and basis for selection, the book focuses on each piece of equipment, such as pumps, towers, underground piping, pipe sizes and supports, then goes on to cover piping stress analysis and the daily needed calculations to use on the job.

  • Delivers a practical guide to pipe supports, structures and hangers available in one go-to source
  • Includes information on stress analysis basics, quick checks, pipe sizing and pressure drop
  • Ensures compliance with the latest piping and plant layout codes and complies with worldwide risk management legislation and HSE
  • Focuses on each piece of equipment, such as pumps, towers, underground piping, pipe sizes and supports
  • Covers piping stress analysis and the daily needed calculations to use on the job
About the Author xix
Introduction xxi
Chapter 1 Engineers and designers---Career paths---Institutes
1(8)
1.1 What is a Piping/Plant Layout Designer and Engineer
1(3)
Engineers
1(2)
Designers
3(1)
1.2 Engineering Institutions and Engineering Societies
4(5)
American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)
4(1)
The Institution of Plant Engineers (IPlantE), the Society of Operations Engineers (SOE)
4(1)
The Institute of Mechanical Engineers (IMechE)
5(1)
The Energy Institute (EI) (Formerly the Institute of Petroleum)
6(1)
The Institute of Engineering and Technology (IET)
7(2)
Chapter 2 Piping material, process terms, and piping codes
9(64)
2.1 Piping Materials
9(51)
Design as Addressed in ASME B31.3
Chapter II---Design
9(2)
Standards as Addressed in ASME B31.3
Chapter IV for Piping Components
11(1)
Methods of Manufacturing Pipe
11(3)
Pipe Diameters, Thicknesses, and Schedules
14(1)
Fittings and Flanges
15(34)
Valves
49(11)
2.2 Process Terms
60(5)
Hydrocarbon Structures
60(1)
Fractionation
61(1)
Equilibrium Liquids
62(3)
2.3 Piping Codes
65(8)
ASME
65(1)
ANSI
65(1)
ASTM
66(1)
API
67(1)
NFPA
67(1)
BSI
68(1)
DIN
69(1)
ISO
70(1)
PED
70(3)
Chapter 3 Fundamentals of plant layout design---Plot plans
73(32)
3.1 Fundamentals of Plant Layout Design
73(1)
3.2 Equipment Layout and Plot Plans
74(1)
3.3 Project Input Data
74(2)
Project Design Data
75(1)
Vendor Data
75(1)
Internally Generated Engineering Data
76(1)
3.4 Project Logic Diagram
76(1)
3.5 Plot Plans---Basis for Design
77(15)
PFD---Process Flow Diagram
80(1)
P&IDs
80(4)
Unit Plot Plan
84(8)
Plot Plan
92(1)
3.6 Hazardous Area Classification
92(6)
3.7 Spacing Within Process and Utility Plants
98(7)
Chapter 4 Piping and equipment basis for selection
105(38)
4.1 Bases for the Selection
105(1)
Equipment Sizing
105(1)
4.2 Pressure Class
106(3)
4.3 Reliability
109(2)
Life Cycle Costs
110(1)
4.4 Robustness
111(3)
Robust Piping Design
112(2)
4.5 Fire Resistance
114(8)
Fire Protection Zone (FPZ)
116(1)
Passive Fire Protection
117(1)
Fireproofing for Supports, Equipment, and Pipe Racks
117(1)
Passive Fire Protection
118(1)
Active Fire Protection
119(2)
Fire Detection
121(1)
4.6 Blow-out Resistance
122(4)
The Resistance of Flange Gaskets
122(1)
Blow-out Resistance---Valves
123(1)
Valves
123(1)
Pressure Vessels
123(1)
Blow-out Resistance---Pressure Relief Devices
124(1)
Pressure Relief Valves (PRV)
125(1)
Bursting Discs (Rupture Discs)
125(1)
Blow-out Resistance---Piping Flexibility
126(1)
4.7 Tendencies to Leak
126(2)
Pipelines
127(1)
Vessels
127(1)
Equipment
127(1)
4.8 Corrosion Resistance
128(4)
Galvanic Series
130(1)
Corrosion Prevention
131(1)
4.9 Material Toughness
132(5)
Brittle Fracture
134(3)
4.10 Cost
137(6)
Project Costs
138(1)
Potential Causes of Increases in Cost or Effort
139(1)
Equipment Acquisition Cost
139(1)
Other Costs
139(1)
Identification of Cost and Effort Problems
140(1)
Resolution of Cost Problems
140(1)
Apply Contingency
141(1)
Reference
141(2)
Chapter 5 Vessels and drums
143(26)
5.1 Types of Vessels and Drums
143(1)
5.2 Vessel and Drum Location
144(3)
5.3 Vessel and Drum Supports
147(2)
5.4 Nozzle Locations
149(4)
5.5 Platform Arrangements
153(3)
5.6 Piping Arrangements
156(3)
5.7 Vessel and Drum Instrumentation
159(6)
5.8 Maintenance
165(2)
5.9 Considerations
167(2)
Chapter 6 Exchangers
169(20)
6.1 Selection
169(1)
6.2 Construction
169(7)
Phase-Change Heat Exchangers
172(1)
Helical-Coil Heat Exchangers
173(3)
6.3 Location and Support
176(4)
Air Coolers
179(1)
6.4 Nozzle Orientation
180(1)
6.5 Exchanger Piping
181(3)
Air Cooler Piping
183(1)
6.6 Types of Exchangers
184(5)
Shell-and-Tube Heat Exchanger
185(1)
Maintenance
186(3)
Chapter 7 Pumps
189(22)
7.1 Pump Terminology
189(1)
NPSH
189(1)
Vapor Pressure
189(1)
Allowable Nozzle Loadings
189(1)
7.2 NPSH (Net Positive Suction Head)
190(5)
Cavitation
190(1)
NPSH
191(4)
7.3 Pump Types
195(5)
Centrifugal Pumps
195(1)
Pump Types
195(1)
Service Considerations
196(1)
Reciprocating (Positive Displacement) Pumps
196(3)
Rotary Pumps
199(1)
7.4 Location of Pumps
200(6)
7.5 Pump Piping
206(4)
7.6 Pump Piping Supports
210(1)
Chapter 8 Compressors
211(32)
8.1 Definition, Compressor Types and Drives
211(1)
8.2 Auxiliary Equipment
212(3)
Compressor Suction Drum/Knockout Pot
214(1)
8.3 Centrifugal Compressors
215(1)
8.4 Reciprocating Compressors
215(3)
8.5 Case Design
218(2)
Maintenance
219(1)
Vertically Split Casing Compressors
219(1)
8.6 Turbine Details
220(2)
Steam Turbine
220(1)
Condensing
220(1)
Gas Turbine
220(2)
8.7 Surface Condenser
222(1)
8.8 Lube Oil Systems
222(2)
8.9 Seal Oil Systems
224(2)
8.10 Maintenance
226(4)
8.11 Compressor Layout
230(6)
Layout No. 1
230(1)
Layout No. 2
230(1)
Centrifugal compressor
231(2)
Reciprocating Compressors
233(1)
Compressor Layout
234(2)
8.12 Compressor Piping
236(7)
Break Out Flanges
237(1)
Turbine Inlet Piping
238(1)
Straightening Vanes
239(1)
Reciprocating Compressor Piping
239(1)
Line Branches
240(3)
Chapter 9 Furnaces
243(28)
9.1 Basic Operation
243(1)
9.2 Primary Processes
243(4)
Steam Reforming
244(3)
9.3 Types of Furnaces
247(4)
Reformer
250(1)
9.4 Burners
251(6)
Radiant Coils
256(1)
9.5 Combustion Air Preheating Systems
257(2)
Regenerative
257(1)
Recuperative
258(1)
9.6 General Arrangement of Furnaces
259(6)
Soot Blowers
263(1)
Induced Draft Fan
264(1)
9.7 Piping Layout for Furnaces
265(4)
9.8 Tail Gas Incinerator and Waste Heat Units
269(2)
Tail Gas Incinerator
269(1)
Waste Heat Units
269(2)
Chapter 10 Reactors
271(14)
10.1 Description
271(1)
10.2 Process Operation
272(1)
10.3 Design Considerations
272(4)
10.4 Reactor Locations
276(2)
10.5 Support and Elevation
278(1)
10.6 Nozzle Locations and Elevations
279(3)
Catalyst Unloading Nozzles
280(1)
Nozzle Locations and Elevations
280(2)
10.7 Platform and Piping Arrangements
282(2)
10.8 Maintenance
284(1)
Chapter 11 Towers
285(24)
11.1 Distillation Process
285(3)
11.2 Types of Tower
288(2)
Packed Tower
288(1)
Trayed Towers
288(2)
11.3 Design Considerations
290(3)
11.4 Elevations and Supports
293(1)
11.5 Nozzle Locations and Elevations
294(1)
Inlet Nozzles
295(1)
11.6 Platform Arrangements
295(5)
Circular Platform Bracket Spacing
296(4)
11.7 Tower Piping
300(3)
11.8 Instruments on Towers
303(3)
Plan at Tower Tray
305(1)
11.9 Design of Fractionation Towers
306(1)
Calculation of Column Diameter
306(1)
11.10 Maintenance
307(2)
Chapter 12 Pipe racks/structures
309(22)
12.1 Pipe racks---Widths, Bent Spacing's, and Elevations of Racks
309(3)
12.2 Pipe Racks---Setting Pipe, Valve and Instrument Locations
312(4)
Pipe Routing in a Pipe Rack
312(4)
12.3 Pipe Racks---Piping Flexibility and Supports
316(3)
12.4 Pipe Racks---Structural Considerations
319(1)
12.5 Pipe Racks---Other Considerations
319(2)
12.6 Structures---Design Features
321(2)
12.7 Structures---Structural Details
323(1)
12.8 Structural Arrangements
324(3)
Multilevel Structures
325(2)
12.9 Structures---Drill Structures---Coker Units
327(1)
12.10 Structures---Operations Platforms
328(3)
Chapter 13 Underground piping
331(16)
13.1 Industry Standards
331(1)
13.2 Terminology
331(2)
13.3 Types of Systems
333(3)
Underground Drainage Systems
333(1)
Contaminated Stormwater
333(1)
Uncontaminated Stormwater
333(1)
Contaminated Stormwater
333(1)
Chemical Sewers
333(1)
Oily Water Sewers
334(1)
Sanitary Sewers
334(1)
Pump-out Systems
334(1)
Blowdown Systems
334(1)
Solvent Collection Systems
334(1)
Underground Piping and Services
334(1)
Combined Sewers
335(1)
Underground Cooling Water
335(1)
Firewater
335(1)
Potable Water
335(1)
Types of Systems
335(1)
13.4 Construction Materials
336(1)
13.5 Oily Water and Stormwater Systems
336(1)
13.6 Chemical and Process Closed Sewers
337(1)
13.7 Process and Potable Water
338(2)
13.8 Firewater Systems
340(1)
Deluge Systems
340(1)
13.9 Underground Electrical and Instrument Ducts
341(1)
13.10 Underground Details
342(2)
13.11 Line Sizing
344(3)
Line Sizing: Calculations Using the "Manning Formula"
345(2)
Chapter 14 Instrumentation
347(14)
14.1 Types of Instruments
347(1)
Level Instruments
347(1)
Pressure Instruments
347(1)
Temperature Instruments
347(1)
Control Valves
347(1)
Flow Instruments
347(1)
14.2 Instrument Locations
348(8)
Level Instruments
348(1)
Pressure Instruments
349(1)
Temperature Instruments
350(1)
Orifice Plates
350(2)
Venturi Tubes
352(1)
Pitot Tube
353(1)
Annubar
353(2)
Coriolis Meters
355(1)
14.3 Beta Ratios and Instrument Positions
356(5)
Chapter 15 Storage tanks
361(20)
15.1 Codes and Regulations
361(1)
National Fire Protection Association (NFPA)
361(1)
Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA)
362(1)
National and Local Codes and Regulations
362(1)
15.2 Types of Tanks
362(5)
15.3 Spill Containment
367(2)
Buried Storage Tanks
368(1)
15.4 Dike Access
369(1)
15.5 Sizing Tanks and Dikes
370(2)
Developing Tank Height and Dike Size
370(1)
Sizing Tanks and Dikes
371(1)
15.6 Tank Details
372(6)
Atmospheric Relief Vents
376(2)
15.7 Tank Supports
378(1)
15.8 LNG Storage Tanks
378(3)
LNG Flow Diagrams
379(2)
Chapter 16 Utility stations, steam and condensate piping
381(16)
16.1 Steam Piping
381(2)
16.2 Drip Legs
383(2)
Drip Legs Collect Condensate From the Steam Line
385(1)
16.3 Steam Traps
385(4)
Ball Float Traps
386(1)
Inverted Bucket Trap
386(1)
Thermodynamic Steam Trap
387(1)
Steam Trap Selection
388(1)
16.4 Steam Control Sets
389(1)
16.5 Steam Tracing
389(2)
16.6 Jacketed Lines
391(2)
16.7 Utility Hose Stations
393(1)
16.8 Safety Showers
394(3)
Chapter 17 Pipe supports selection, anchors---guides
397(14)
17.1 Selection
397(1)
17.2 Anchors
398(4)
Base Anchors
400(2)
17.3 Guides and Restraints
402(4)
Guides
402(1)
Restraints
403(1)
Snubbers
404(1)
Sway Braces
404(1)
Sway Struts
405(1)
Turnbuckles
405(1)
17.4 Expansion Joints
406(1)
17.5 Spring Hangers
407(4)
Variable Support
407(1)
Variable Spring Hangers
407(1)
Constant Support
408(1)
Constant Support Hangers
409(1)
Selection of Spring Hangers
409(2)
Chapter 18 Pipe sizing and pressure drop calculations
411(62)
18.1 Theory of Flow in Pipes
411(15)
Dynamic (Absolute Viscosity)
412(2)
Density, Specific Volume, and Specific Gravity
414(1)
Density of Liquid Water
415(1)
Nature of Flow in Pipe
416(1)
Turbulent and Laminar Flow
416(1)
Reynolds Number
417(1)
Hydraulic Radius
418(1)
Reynolds Number
418(1)
Equations for Flow of Fluids
419(2)
Measurement of Pressure
421(4)
Relative Roughness of Pipe, Materials, and Friction Factor for Complete Turbulence
425(1)
18.2 Pressure drop
426(3)
Compressible Fluids
427(2)
18.3 Formulas and Nomographs for Flow Through Valves and Fittings
429(9)
18.4 Flow of Fluids Through Valves and Fittings
438(7)
Equivalent Lengths for Valves and Fittings
438(5)
Laminar Flow in Valves, Fittings, and Pipe
443(2)
18.5 Examples of Flow Problems
445(3)
18.6 Appendix
448(25)
Specific Gravity-Temperature Relationships for Petroleum Oils (Courtesy of Crane Co.)
465(1)
Physical Properties of Water
466(7)
Chapter 19 Pipe stress analysis and layout of hot and cold piping
473(28)
19.1 What is Stress?
473(6)
Axial Loading
474(1)
Centric Loading
474(1)
Eccentric Loading
474(1)
Axial Loading: Normal Stress
474(2)
Centric & Eccentric Loading
476(3)
19.2 Codes
479(1)
History
479(1)
ASME B31.3 (Metric)
479(1)
Plant Life
479(1)
19.3 Basic Formulas
480(5)
Principal Axis and Stress
480(2)
Radial Principal Stress
482(1)
Circumferential Principal Stress
482(1)
The Maximum Principal Stress Failure Theory
482(1)
Circumferential Principal Stress
482(1)
Radial Principal Stress (RPS)
483(1)
Calculating Pipe Wall Thickness
483(2)
Basic Formulas
485(1)
19.4 Quick Check Formulas
485(10)
Coefficients for Carbon Steel
486(1)
Coefficient Table
486(2)
Z Shapes
488(1)
U-Shapes With Equal Legs
489(1)
Expansion Loops
490(1)
Quick Check Formulas
490(1)
Thermal Growth Table
491(1)
Quick Check Formulas
492(3)
19.5 Nomographs
495(1)
19.6 Applications
496(1)
19.7 Critical Line List
497(1)
19.8 Design Procedures and Requirements
497(4)
Overstressing of Piping Components
497(1)
Overstressing Nozzles
498(1)
Mechanical Equipment
498(1)
Causes of Pipe Stress
498(3)
Index 501
Geoff Barker is a Professional Engineer and Principal Consultant at Independent Oil and Gas Consultants in the USA and United KIngdom. He received his Higher National Certificate in Mechanical Engineering from Leeds Polytechnic Institute in the United Kingdom. He also studied at the George Brown College of Applied Arts and Technology in Toronto, Canada, where he received qualifications in Process Plant Piping Design and Calculation. Continuing his education, he studied Natural Gas Processing and Gas Plant Operations at The Southern Alberta Institute of Technology in Canada. Geoff also received accreditation from ASME in ASME B31.3 Process Piping Design, ASME BPV Code, Section V111, Division 1, and API 579-1/ASME FFS-1 Fitness for Service. He has more than 40 years of industrial and consultancy experience in the oil and gas onshore and offshore industries, as well as petrochemical, mining, pharmaceutical and food processing industries. Geoff has held engineering, supervisory and management positions at various companies including Fluor BV, CBI, MW Kellogg, Brown and Root, Bechel, Technip, Kvaerner, Aker Engineering, Shell, Exxon, and Wood Group. He has served as a consultant to numerous EPC, engineering and industrial companies as well as professional organizations worldwide. Geoff is a member of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers, The Energy Institute (UK and USA), and a former member of The Institution of Plant Engineers (UK), The Society of Operations Engineers (UK), and The Institute of Mechanical Incorporated Engineers (The Institute of Engineering Technology-UK).