Acknowledgments |
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x | |
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xi | |
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xiii | |
Audio Tracks |
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xv | |
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List of Abbreviations and Phonetic Symbols |
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xviii | |
Purpose and Scope of the Book |
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xxiv | |
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1 Phonetics and Phonology |
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1 | (43) |
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1 | (1) |
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2 | (9) |
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1.2.1 Articulatory phonetics |
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4 | (1) |
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4 | (6) |
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10 | (1) |
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1.2.4 The interface of the auditory, acoustic and articulatory levels |
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10 | (1) |
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11 | (20) |
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1.3.1 Phone, phoneme and allophone |
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12 | (2) |
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1.3.2 Phonological analysis |
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14 | (4) |
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1.3.3 Phonological structure |
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18 | (1) |
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18 | (2) |
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1.3.3.2 Syllabic patterns in English and Spanish and advice |
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20 | (8) |
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1.3.3.3 Syllabic consonants |
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28 | (3) |
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1.4 Phonetic transcription |
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31 | (4) |
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1.4.1 The International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) |
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31 | (2) |
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1.4.2 Types of phonetic transcription |
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33 | (2) |
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1.5 Received Pronunciation (RP) and Peninsular Spanish (PSp) |
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35 | (3) |
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1.6 A guide to the phonetic transcription of RP and PSp |
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38 | (6) |
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40 | (1) |
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41 | (3) |
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2 The Production and Classification of Speech Sounds |
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44 | (40) |
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44 | (1) |
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44 | (11) |
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2.2.1 The respiratory system and pulmonic sounds |
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45 | (2) |
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2.2.2 The phonatory system, phonation modes and glottalic sounds |
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47 | (5) |
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2.2.3 The articulatory system and velaric sounds |
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52 | (3) |
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2.3 Articulatory features and classification of phonemes |
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55 | (17) |
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2.3.1 Vowels and vowel glides |
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55 | (2) |
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57 | (1) |
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58 | (1) |
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2.3.1.3 The cardinal vowels and the Cardinal Vowel Scale |
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59 | (3) |
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2.3.1.4 Duration and energy of articulation |
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62 | (1) |
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2.3.1.5 Steadiness of articulatory gesture |
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62 | (1) |
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63 | (1) |
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2.3.2.1 Voicing and energy of articulation |
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63 | (2) |
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2.3.2.2 Place of articulation |
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65 | (2) |
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2.3.2.3 Manner of articulation |
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67 | (4) |
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71 | (1) |
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2.3.2.5 Secondary articulation |
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71 | (1) |
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2.4 Acoustic features of speech sounds |
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72 | (12) |
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73 | (3) |
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76 | (1) |
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2.4.3 Consonants and glide consonants |
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77 | (4) |
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81 | (1) |
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82 | (2) |
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3 Vowels and Vowel Glides |
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84 | (66) |
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84 | (3) |
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3.2 A comparison of English and Spanish pure vowels |
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87 | (33) |
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3.2.1 Group 1: RP /i: 1/ vs. PSp /i/ |
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91 | (6) |
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3.2.2 Group 2: RP /e 3: e/ vs. PSp /e/ |
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97 | (7) |
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3.2.3 Group 3: RP /æ a:/ vs. PSp /a/ |
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104 | (7) |
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3.2.4 Group 4: RP /c: a/ vs. PSp /o/ |
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111 | (5) |
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3.2.5 Group 5: RP /u: ω/ vs. PSp /u/ |
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116 | (4) |
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3.3 A comparison of English and Spanish vowel glides |
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120 | (30) |
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125 | (1) |
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3.3.1.1 RP /ei ai ci/ vs. PSp /ei ai oi/ |
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125 | (6) |
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3.3.1.2 RP /aω aω/ vs. PSp /eu ou au/ |
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131 | (3) |
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3.3.2 Centring diphthongs: RP /ie ee ωe/ |
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134 | (6) |
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140 | (5) |
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145 | (1) |
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145 | (5) |
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150 | (83) |
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150 | (2) |
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4.2 A comparison of English and Spanish consonants |
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152 | (81) |
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159 | (6) |
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4.2.1.1 Bilabial plosives /p b/ |
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165 | (5) |
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4.2.1.2 Alveolar plosives /t d/ |
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170 | (7) |
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4.2.1.3 Velar plosives /k g/ |
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177 | (5) |
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182 | (2) |
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4.2.2.1 Labio-dental fricatives: RP /f v/ vs. PSp /f/ |
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184 | (4) |
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4.2.2.2 Dental fricatives: RP /θ δ/ vs. PSp /θ/ |
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188 | (4) |
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4.2.2.3 Alveolar fricatives: RP /s z/ vs. PSp /s/ |
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192 | (6) |
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4.2.2.4 RP palato-alveolar fricatives /∫ 3/ |
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198 | (4) |
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4.2.2.5 RP glottal fricative /h/ |
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202 | (2) |
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4.2.3 Affricates: RP /t∫ d3/ vs. PSp /tint;/ |
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204 | (6) |
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4.2.4 Nasals: RP /m n η/ vs. PSp /m n η/ |
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210 | (5) |
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215 | (1) |
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4.2.5.1 Liquids: RP /r l/ vs. PSp /r r l α/ |
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216 | (6) |
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4.2.5.2 Glide consonants /j w/ |
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222 | (6) |
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228 | (1) |
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228 | (5) |
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5 Segment Dynamics: Aspects of Connected Speech |
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233 | (29) |
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233 | (1) |
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5.2 Co-articulation and allophonic variations of vowels and consonants |
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233 | (11) |
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234 | (3) |
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237 | (1) |
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238 | (1) |
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238 | (1) |
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239 | (1) |
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240 | (1) |
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5.2.7 Place of articulation |
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240 | (1) |
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5.2.8 Lenition and fortition |
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241 | (1) |
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5.2.8.1 Affrication and fricativisation |
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242 | (1) |
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5.2.8.2 Glottaling and glottalisation |
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242 | (2) |
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5.3 Assimilation and phonemic variations |
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244 | (4) |
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5.3.1 Place of articulation |
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245 | (1) |
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5.3.2 Manner of articulation |
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246 | (1) |
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5.3.3 Variations in voicing |
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246 | (1) |
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5.3.4 Coalescent assimilation |
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247 | (1) |
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248 | (2) |
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250 | (1) |
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250 | (1) |
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251 | (6) |
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5.7.1 Weak and strong forms |
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251 | (4) |
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5.7.2 Neutralisation of weak forms |
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255 | (2) |
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257 | (5) |
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258 | (1) |
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259 | (3) |
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6 Beyond the Segment: Stress, Rhythm and Intonation |
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262 | (60) |
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262 | (1) |
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262 | (16) |
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6.2.1 Stress-timed languages versus syllable-timed languages |
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263 | (1) |
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264 | (1) |
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265 | (1) |
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6.2.2.2 Placement of stress |
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265 | (8) |
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273 | (1) |
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6.2.3.1 Rhythmical variations |
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274 | (1) |
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275 | (1) |
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6.2.3.3 Emphatic and contrastive patterns |
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275 | (1) |
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276 | (2) |
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278 | (32) |
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6.3.1 Intonation groups and tonality |
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280 | (2) |
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6.3.2 Structure of intonation groups and tonicity |
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282 | (2) |
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6.3.3 Intonation patterns and tone |
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284 | (1) |
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6.3.3.1 Simple tones: Falls and rises |
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284 | (2) |
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6.3.3.2 Complex tones: Fall-rises and rise-falls |
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286 | (1) |
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6.3.4 The functions of intonation |
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287 | (1) |
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6.3.4.1 Attitudinal function |
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288 | (2) |
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6.3.4.2 Accentual function |
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290 | (1) |
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6.3.4.3 Grammatical function |
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291 | (7) |
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6.3.4.4 Discourse function |
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298 | (3) |
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6.3.4.5 Illocutionary function |
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301 | (9) |
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310 | (1) |
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6.4 The prosody of English and Spanish compared and advice |
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310 | (12) |
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310 | (5) |
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315 | (2) |
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317 | (1) |
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318 | (4) |
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7 Predicting Pronunciation from Spelling (and Vice Versa) |
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322 | (27) |
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322 | (1) |
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7.2 Spelling-to-sound correspondences of vowels |
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322 | (11) |
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323 | (1) |
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7.2.1.1 Syllable division |
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323 | (1) |
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7.2.1.2 The letter <r>, and other V sounds: "Heavy" and "r-tense" |
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324 | (3) |
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7.2.1.3 Different V sounds after /w/ |
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327 | (1) |
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7.2.1.4 Lax instead of tense |
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327 | (1) |
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7.2.1.5 Tense instead of lax |
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328 | (1) |
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328 | (1) |
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329 | (3) |
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332 | (1) |
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333 | (1) |
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7.3 Spelling-to-sound correspondences of consonants |
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333 | (7) |
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7.3.1 Voicing and "silent" C letters |
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333 | (1) |
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333 | (1) |
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334 | (3) |
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337 | (2) |
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7.3.3 Other details of pronunciation |
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339 | (1) |
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7.4 Sound-to-spelling correspondences |
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340 | (9) |
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341 | (4) |
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345 | (2) |
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347 | (1) |
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347 | (2) |
Further Exercises: Passages for Phonemic Transcription |
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349 | (6) |
Answer key |
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355 | (1) |
Exercises Chapters 1 to 7 |
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355 | (26) |
Further exercises: Passages for Phonemic Transcription |
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381 | (5) |
References |
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386 | (11) |
Subject Index |
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397 | |