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Environmental Biotechnology: Principles and Applications, Second Edition 2nd edition [Kõva köide]

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  • Formaat: Hardback, 656 pages, kõrgus x laius x paksus: 244x193x41 mm, kaal: 1334 g, 200 Illustrations
  • Ilmumisaeg: 12-May-2020
  • Kirjastus: McGraw-Hill Education
  • ISBN-10: 1260441601
  • ISBN-13: 9781260441604
Teised raamatud teemal:
Environmental Biotechnology: Principles and Applications, Second Edition 2nd editionSuurem pilt
  • Formaat: Hardback, 656 pages, kõrgus x laius x paksus: 244x193x41 mm, kaal: 1334 g, 200 Illustrations
  • Ilmumisaeg: 12-May-2020
  • Kirjastus: McGraw-Hill Education
  • ISBN-10: 1260441601
  • ISBN-13: 9781260441604
Teised raamatud teemal:
Püsilink: https://www.kriso.ee/db/9781260441604.html
Märksõnad:

The classic environmental biotechnology textbook—fully updated for the latest advances

Written by two of the field's foremost researchers, this comprehensive educational resource presents the biological principles that underlie modern microbiological treatment technologies. This thoroughly revised second edition addresses the new technologies that have evolved over the past twenty years, including microbial electrochemistry, granular processes, membrane-based processes, and direct anaerobic treatments.

 

Environmental Biotechnology: Principles and Applications, Second Edition takes you through the procedures to understand how microbial systems work and to design a treatment process. The first half of the book is focused on the principles, the tools for describing the stoichiometry and energetics of microbial reactions, and the proper application of kinetics. The second half offers practical applications that are clearly illustrated through real-world examples.

 

·         Relates basic principles and concepts to practical applications for environmental treatment

·         Covers emerging technologies and processes that have emerged in recent years

·         Written by a pair of award-winning environmental engineers and experienced educators

Preface xv
1 Moving Toward Sustainability 1(8)
1.1 Water Uses and Resources
1(1)
1.2 Wastewater's Resources
2(1)
1.3 Climate Change
3(1)
1.4 Sustainability
4(1)
1.5 The Role of Environmental Biotechnology
5(1)
1.6 Organization of the Book
6(1)
1.7 References
6(3)
2 Basics of Microbiology 9(42)
2.1 The Microbial Cell
10(2)
2.2 Microbial Classification
12(2)
2.3 Prokaryotes
14(15)
2.3.1 Bacterial and Archaeal Cell Structure and Function
15(10)
2.3.2 Phylogenic Lineages of Bacteria
25(3)
2.3.3 Phylogenic Lineages of Archaea
28(1)
2.4 Eukarya
29(14)
2.4.1 Fungi
30(3)
2.4.2 Algae
33(5)
2.4.3 Protozoa
38(3)
2.4.4 Other Multicellular Microorganisms
41(2)
2.5 Viruses
43(1)
2.6 Infectious Disease
44(5)
2.7 References
49(2)
3 Biochemistry, Metabolism, Genetics, and Information Flow 51(58)
3.1 Biochemistry
51(8)
3.1.1 Enzymes
52(3)
3.1.2 Enzyme Reactivity
55(4)
3.1.3 Regulating Enzyme Activity
59(1)
3.2 Energy Capture
59(4)
3.2.1 Electron and Energy Carriers
59(2)
3.2.2 Energy and Electron Investments
61(2)
3.3 Metabolism
63(24)
3.3.1 Catabolism
66(17)
3.3.2 Anabolism
83(3)
3.3.3 Metabolism and Trophic Groups
86(1)
3.4 Genetics and Information Flow
87(17)
3.4.1 Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)
89(4)
3.4.2 The Chromosome
93(1)
3.4.3 Plasmids
93(1)
3.4.4 DNA Replication
94(1)
3.4.5 Ribonucleic Acid (RNA)
94(1)
3.4.6 Transcription
95(1)
3.4.7 Messenger RNA (mRNA)
96(1)
3.4.8 Transfer RNA (tRNA)
96(1)
3.4.9 Translation and the Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
97(1)
3.4.10 Translation
98(2)
3.4.11 Regulation
100(1)
3.4.12 Phylogeny
100(2)
3.4.13 The Basics of Phylogenetic Classification
102(2)
3.5 References
104(1)
3.6 Bibliography
105(1)
3.7 Problems
105(4)
4 Microbial Ecology 109(34)
4.1 Selection
110(2)
4.2 Exchange of Materials
112(5)
4.2.1 Exchange of Substrates
112(4)
4.2.2 Exchange of Genetic Information
116(1)
4.2.3 Growth Factors
117(1)
4.2.4 Exchange of Chemical Signals
117(1)
4.3 Adaptation
117(3)
4.4 Tools to Study Microbial Ecology
120(18)
4.4.1 Traditional Enrichment Tools
120(2)
4.4.2 Molecular Targets
122(1)
4.4.3 Genomics Methods Based on the Ribosomal RNA
123(3)
4.4.4 Genomics Methods Based on the Ribosomal DNA
126(9)
4.4.5 Diversity Analysis of Genomics Results
135(1)
4.4.6 Functional Genomics Analysis
136(1)
4.4.7 Transcriptomics
136(1)
4.4.8 Proteomics
137(1)
4.4.9 Functional Prediction
137(1)
4.5 References
138(1)
4.6 Bibliography
138(1)
4.7 Problems
139(4)
5 Stoichiometry and Energetics 143(38)
5.1 An Example Stoichiometric Equation
143(1)
5.2 An Empirical Formula for Microbial Cells
144(4)
5.3 Formulations for Cells Containing Storage Products
148(1)
5.4 Substrate Partitioning and Cellular Yield
148(2)
5.5 Overall Reactions for Biological Growth
150(8)
5.6 Fermentation Reactions
158(5)
5.6.1 Simple Fermentation
159(1)
5.6.2 Mixed Fermentation
159(4)
5.7 Energetics of Bacterial Growth
163(12)
5.7.1 Free Energy of the Energy Reaction
164(3)
5.7.2 Microbial Yield Coefficient and Reaction Energetics
167(6)
5.7.3 Oxidized Nitrogen Sources
173(2)
5.8 References
175(1)
5.9 Problems
176(5)
6 Microbial Kinetics 181(42)
6.1 Basic Rate Expressions
181(4)
6.2 Estimating Parameter Values
185(6)
6.3 Basic Mass Balances
191(6)
6.4 Mass Balances on Inert Biomass and Volatile Suspended Solids
197(4)
6.5 Microbial Products
201(1)
6.6 Input of Active Biomass
202(2)
6.7 Nutrients and Electron Acceptors
204(2)
6.8 CSTR Summary Equations
206(1)
6.9 Hydrolysis of Particulate and Polymeric Substrates
207(3)
6.10 Inhibition
210(5)
6.11 Additional Rate Expressions
215(1)
6.12 References
216(1)
6.13 Problems
217(6)
7 Biofilm Kinetics 223(50)
7.1 Microbial Aggregation
223(1)
7.2 Why Do Biofilms Form?
223(1)
7.3 The Idealized Biofilm
224(6)
7.3.1 Substrate Phenomena
226(1)
7.3.2 Illustration for First-Order Kinetics
227(2)
7.3.3 General Solution When S., Is Known
229(1)
7.3.4 The Biofilm Mass Balance
229(1)
7.4 The Steady-State Biofilm
230(1)
7.5 The Steady-State-Biofilm Solution
231(5)
7.6 Estimating Parameter Values
236(3)
7.7 Average Biofilm SRT
239(1)
7.8 Completely Mixed Biofilm Reactor
240(3)
7.9 Inert Biomass, Nutrients, and Electron Acceptor
243(1)
7.10 Trends in CMBR Performance
244(3)
7.11 Normalized Surface Loading
247(6)
7.12 Nonsteady-State Biofilms
253(6)
7.13 Special-Case Biofilm Solutions
259(2)
7.13.1 Deep Biofilms
260(1)
7.13.2 Zero-Order Kinetics
260(1)
7.14 Numerical Modeling of Biofilms
261(3)
7.15 References
264(1)
7.16 Problems
265(8)
8 Microbial Products 273(18)
8.1 Extracellular Polymeric Substances
273(2)
8.2 Soluble Microbial Products
275(1)
8.3 Steady-State Model Including EPS and SMP
276(2)
8.4 Relating EPS and SMP to Aggregate Parameters
278(1)
8.5 Nutrient-Uptake and Acceptor-Utilization Rates
278(1)
8.6 Parameter Values
279(4)
8.7 Modeling EPS, SMP, and Xi. for a Biofilm Process
283(2)
8.8 Intracellular Storage Products (ISP)
285(2)
8.9 References
287(1)
8.10 Problems
288(3)
9 Reactor Characteristics and Kinetics 291(42)
9.1 Reactor Types
291(12)
9.1.1 Suspended-Growth Reactors
292(3)
9.1.2 Biofilm Reactors
295(1)
9.1.3 Membrane Bioreactors (MBRs)
296(6)
9.1.4 Biofilm Reactors with Active Substrata
302(1)
9.1.5 Reactor Arrangements
302(1)
9.2 Important Factors in the Engineering Design of Reactors
303(5)
9.2.1 Selecting an Appropriate SF for Design
304(2)
9.2.2 Effect of SF on System Efficiency for Simple Substrates
306(1)
9.2.3 Design When Biosolids Settling or Other Factors Are Critical
307(1)
9.3 Mass Balances
308(10)
9.3.1 Batch Reactor
308(3)
9.3.2 Continuous-Flow Stirred-Tank Reactor with Effluent Recycle
311(1)
9.3.3 Plug-Flow Reactor
312(2)
9.3.4 Plug-Flow Reactor with Effluent Recycle
314(2)
9.3.5 Plug-Flow Reactor with Settling and Cell Recycle
316(2)
9.4 Alternative Rate Models
318(1)
9.5 Linking Stoichiometric and Mass Balance Equations
318(4)
9.6 Reactors in Series
322(3)
9.7 References
325(1)
9.8 Bibliography
326(1)
9.9 Problems
326(7)
10 Methanogenesis 333(68)
10.1 Uses of Methanogenic Treatment
335(4)
10.2 Treating Dilute Wastewaters
339(5)
10.2.1 The UASB and AFMB
339(2)
10.2.2 Anaerobic Membrane Bioreactors
341(3)
10.3 Reactor Configurations
344(2)
10.4 Process Chemistry and Microbiology
346(22)
10.4.1 Process Microbiology
347(3)
10.4.2 Process Chemistry
350(18)
10.5 Process Kinetics
368(18)
10.5.1 Temperature Effects
369(2)
10.5.2 Reaction Kinetics for a CSTR
371(3)
10.5.3 Complex Substrates
374(4)
10.5.4 Process Optimization
378(2)
10.5.5 Reaction Kinetics for Biofilm Processes
380(1)
10.5.6 Kinetics with Hydrolysis as Limiting Factor
381(5)
10.6 Special Factors in the Design of Anaerobic Biosolids Digesters
386(3)
10.6.1 Loading Criteria
386(1)
10.6.2 Mixing
387(1)
10.6.3 Heating
388(1)
10.6.4 Gas Collection
389(1)
10.6.5 Performance
389(1)
10.7 Example Designs for Anaerobic Treatment of Dilute Wastewater
389(3)
10.8 References
392(2)
10.9 Problems
394(7)
11 Aerobic Suspended-Growth Processes 401(74)
11.1 Characteristics of Classical Activated Sludge
402(5)
11.1.1 The Basic Activated Sludge Configuration
402(1)
11.1.2 Microbial Ecology
403(2)
11.1.3 Oxygen and Nutrient Requirements
405(1)
11.1.4 Impacts of SRT
406(1)
11.2 Process Configurations
407(10)
11.2.1 Physical Configurations
408(5)
11.2.2 Oxygen-Supply Modifications
413(2)
11.2.3 Loading Modifications
415(2)
11.3 Design and Operating Criteria
417(8)
11.3.1 Historical Background
417(1)
11.3.2 Food-to-Microorganism Ratio
418(1)
11.3.3 Solids Retention Time
419(2)
11.3.4 Comparison of Loading Factors
421(1)
11.3.5 Mixed-Liquor Suspended Solids, the SVI, and the Recycle Ratio
422(3)
11.4 Aeration Systems
425(5)
11.4.1 Oxygen-Transfer and Mixing Rates
425(3)
11.4.2 Diffused Aeration Systems
428(1)
11.4.3 Mechanical Aeration Systems
429(1)
11.5 Bulking and Other Sludge-Settling Problems
430(6)
11.5.1 Bulking Sludge
430(4)
11.5.2 Foaming and Scum Control
434(1)
11.5.3 Rising Sludge
434(1)
11.5.4 Dispersed Growth and Pinpoint Floc
435(1)
11.5.5 Viscous Bulking
435(1)
11.5.6 Addition of Polymers
435(1)
11.6 Activated Sludge Design and Analysis
436(7)
11.7 Analysis and Design of Settlers
443(20)
11.7.1 Activated Sludge Properties
444(1)
11.7.2 Settler Components
445(4)
11.7.3 Loading Criteria
449(2)
11.7.4 Basics of Flux Theory
451(6)
11.7.5 State-Point Analysis
457(5)
11.7.6 Connecting the Settler and Aeration Tank
462(1)
11.7.7 Limitations of State-Point Analysis
463(1)
11.8 Membrane Bioreactors (MBRs)
463(1)
11.9 Integrated Fixed-Film Activated Sludge
464(1)
11.10 References
465(2)
11.11 Bibliography
467(1)
11.12 Problems
467(8)
12 Aerobic Biofilm Processes 475(26)
12.1 Biofilm Process Considerations
476(2)
12.2 Trickling Filters and Biological Towers
478(9)
12.3 Rotating Biological Contactors
487(3)
12.4 Granular-Media Filters
490(1)
12.5 Fluidized-Bed and Circulating-Bed Biofilm Reactors
491(6)
12.6 Hybrid Biofilm/Suspended-Growth Processes
497(1)
12.7 Aerobic Granular-Sludge Processes
497(1)
12.8 References
498(1)
12.9 Problems
499(2)
13 Nitrogen Transformation and Recovery 501(60)
13.1 Nitrogen Forms, Effects, and Transformations
502(1)
13.2 Nitrogen's Transformation Reactions
503(6)
13.3 Nitrification
509(18)
13.3.1 Biochemistry, Physiology, and Kinetics of Nitrifying Bacteria
510(4)
13.3.2 Common Process Considerations
514(1)
13.3.3 Activated Sludge Nitrification: Single-Stage versus Separate-Stage
514(8)
13.3.4 Biofilm Nitrification
522(3)
13.3.5 Hybrid Processes
525(2)
13.3.6 The Role of the Input BODL/TKN Ratio
527(1)
13.4 Denitrification
527(10)
13.4.1 Physiology of Denitrifying Bacteria
528(2)
13.4.2 Denitrification Systems
530(3)
13.4.3 Comparing the Nitrogen-Removal Systems
533(4)
13.5 Range of Nitrification and Denitrification Systems
537(6)
13.5.1 Biofilm Reactors
538(2)
13.5.2 The Barnard Process for Nitrogen Removal
540(1)
13.5.3 Sequencing Batch Reactor
541(1)
13.5.4 Side-Stream Anammox Treatment
542(1)
13.6 Nitrous Oxide Formation
543(2)
13.7 References
545(3)
13.8 Problems
548(13)
14 Phosphorus Removal and Recovery 561(16)
14.1 Normal Phosphorus Uptake into Biomass
562(1)
14.2 Precipitation by Metal-Salts Addition to a Biological Process
563(2)
14.3 Enhanced Biological Phosphorus Removal
565(5)
14.4 Phosphorus Recovery
570(2)
14.4.1 Lack of P Removal Opens Up P Recovery
570(1)
14.4.2 Wastewater as a Direct Source of Fertilizer P
571(1)
14.4.3 Biomass as a Source of Slow-Release P
571(1)
14.4.4 Selective Adsorption
571(1)
14.4.5 Struvite Precipitation
572(1)
14.5 References
572(2)
14.6 Problems
574(3)
15 Biological Treatment of Drinking Water 577(26)
15.1 Why Biological Treatment of Drinking Water?
577(1)
15.2 Aerobic Biofilm Processes to Eliminate Biological Instability
578(11)
15.2.1 General Characteristics of Aerobic Biofilm Processes
578(1)
15.2.2 Biodegradable Organic Matter (BOM)
579(2)
15.2.3 Inorganic Instability
581(1)
15.2.4 Hybrid Biofiltration
582(2)
15.2.5 Biofilm Pretreatment
584(3)
15.2.6 Slow Biofiltration
587(1)
15.2.7 Release of Microorganisms
587(1)
15.2.8 Biodegradation of Specific Organic Compounds
588(1)
15.3 Anaerobic Biofilm Processes to Reduce Oxidized Contaminants
589(8)
15.3.1 Oxidized Contaminants
589(1)
15.3.2 General Characteristics of Biofilm Processes to Reduce Oxidized Contaminants
589(3)
15.3.3 Autotrophic Processes
592(3)
15.3.4 Heterotrophic Processes
595(2)
15.4 References
597(3)
15.5 Problems
600(3)
A Free Energies of Formation for Various Chemical Species, 25°C 603(8)
Index 611
Bruce E. Rittmann is Regents' Professor of Environmental Engineering and Director of the Biodesign Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology at Arizona State University. He is the recipient of the 2018 Stockholm Water Prize and along with Dr. McCarty he was the winner of the Clarke Prize for Outstanding Achievement in Water Technology.





Perry L. McCarty is the Silas H. Palmer Professor Emeritus of Civil and Environmental Engineering at Stanford University. He received a B.S. Degree in Civil Engineering from Wayne State University and S.M. and Sc.D. Degrees in Sanitary Engineering from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, where he taught for four years. In 1962 he joined the faculty at Stanford University. His research has been directed towards the application of biological processes for the solution of environmental problems. He is an honorary member of the American Water Works Association and the Water Environment Federation, and Fellow in the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, the American Association for the Advancement of Science, and the American Academy of Microbiology. He was elected to the National Academy of Engineering in 1977. He received the Tyler Prize for environmental achievement in 1992 and the Clark Prize for outstanding achievement in water science and technology in 1997.