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Environmental Law and Policy in India: Cases and Materials 3rd Revised edition [Kõva köide]

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Shyam Divan (Senior Advocate, Supreme Court of India), Armin Rosencranz (Founding Dean, Jindal School of Environment and Sustainability, OP Jindal Global University, Sonepat)

Formaat: Hardback, 1008 pages, kõrgus x laius x paksus: 251x176x58 mm, kaal: 1896 g
Ilmumisaeg: 06-Mar-2023
Kirjastus: Oxford University Press
ISBN-10: 0192865455
ISBN-13: 9780192865458

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Formaat: Hardback, 1008 pages, kõrgus x laius x paksus: 251x176x58 mm, kaal: 1896 g
Ilmumisaeg: 06-Mar-2023
Kirjastus: Oxford University Press
ISBN-10: 0192865455
ISBN-13: 9780192865458

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Püsilink: https://www.kriso.ee/db/9780192865458.html

Märksõnad:

Environmental law and policy in India affects all sections of society. Those most deeply affected by it are the poor. They are the first victims of poor sanitation, polluted air, and contaminated water. Since the 1970s, efforts to protect environmental quality have met with limited success,
posing enduring challenges for policy designers and decision-makers entrusted with protecting and preserving natural resources. This edition of Environmental Law and Policy retains the familiar analytical structure of the second edition and includes all major developments since then. It focuses on
Indian environmental law, policies, problems, and needs with the comprehensiveness of an American law case book, compiles all the leading cases in environmental law in India with concise extracts of landmark judgments and policy documents, and provides discussions on projects which could potentially
degrade the environment.

This volume also covers air and water pollution, forests, wildlife, noise pollution, common property resources and tribal communities, environmental impact assessment, coastal regulations, large projects, urban problems, the National Green Tribunal, hazardous substances, transnational environmental
policies, and international environment law. It is interlaced with notes, comments, and questions intended to encourage critical thinking amongst lawyers and law students.

Arvustused

The book will appeal to a broad audience thanks to its clear and lucid language, communicating legal complexities in a simplified way for readers with varying levels of familiarity with India's legal system and environmental governance. The book also caters to conscious citizens who are looking to understand common terms such as "state policy" and its interplay with law and statutes with the help of examples like the Wild Life (Protection) Act, 1972; environmentalists interested in whether the law has helped attain the goals of government policy and anticipate what they may face in court; international legal scholars who may be interested in comparative law; and Indian environmental law students or practitioners who may use the book as a ready reference and a repository of cases. * Shreya Padukone, Journal of International Wildlife Law & Policy *

Common Abbreviations

xxv

Table of Cases

xxvii

1 Introduction

(23)

A Environmental Regulation Since 2000: An Overview

(7)

I The Plastic Cow

(1)

II The Regulatory Stew

(2)

III The Judge as Regulator: Trend-Lines

(2)

IV Statutory and Judicial Developments since 2000

(2)

B Environment, Development and Democracy

(6)

C Special Features of Environmental Law

(6)

D Courts, Tribunals and the Environment

(4)

I Features of the Judicial Process

(1)

II The High Courts and The Supreme Court

(1)

III The National Green Tribunal

(1)

IV The Bar

(2)

2 Environmental Policy In India

(22)

A Introduction

(2)

I What is Environmental Policy

(1)

II The Courts and Policy

(1)

B Natural Resources, Policy and Public Trust

(3)

C Early Environmental Legislation

(1)

I Water Pollution

(1)

II Wildlife

(1)

D Survey of Environmental Policy Since the 1970s

(2)

E The National Environment Policy of 2006

(5)

F The Forest Rights Act

(9)

3 Constitutional Provisions

(36)

A Constitutional Provisions and the Environment

(24)

I Fundamental Norms

(2)

Public Trust Doctrine

(5)

Eco-centrism

(1)

Sustainable Development

(1)

II Division of Legislative Authority

(2)

III The Forty-Second Constitutional Amendment

(1)

IV The Directive Principles of State Policy

(2)

V Article 253 and Environmental Legislation

(1)

VI Federalism: Some Issues

(10)

B Environmental Protection and Fundamental Rights

(12)

I The Right to a Wholesome Environment

(2)

II The Right to Livelihood

(2)

III The Right to Equality

(1)

IV Freedom to Trade vis-a-vis Environmental Protection

(7)

4 Legislatf/E Provisions

(28)

A Interpretation of Environmental Statutes

(2)

B Digest of Environmental Legislation

(7)

I The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act of 1981

(1)

II The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act of 1974

(1)

III The Wild Life (Protection) Act of 1972

(1)

IV The Public Liability Insurance Act of 1991

(1)

V The Mines and Minerals (Regulation and Development) Act of 1957

(1)

VI The Indian Forest Act of 1927

(1)

VII The Forest (Conservation) Act of 1980

(1)

VIII The Scheduled Tribes and Other Traditional Forest Dwellers (Recognition of Forest Rights) Act of 2006

(1)

IX The Compensatory Afforestation Fund Act of 2016

(1)

X The Insecticides Act of 1968

(1)

XI The Biological Diversity Act of 2002

(1)

XII The Atomic Energy Act of 1962

(1)

XIII The Civil Liability for Nuclear Damage Act of 2010

(1)

XIV The Factories Act of 1948

(1)

C The Environment (Protection) Act of 1986

(18)

I The Scope of the Act

(2)

II Delegated Legislation

(1)

Pollution Control

(1)

Hazardous Substance Regulation

(1)

Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)

(2)

Waste Regulation

(1)

Coast, Wetlands and Protection of Ecologically Sensitive Areas

(2)

Other Delegated Legislation

100

(1)

III Sections 3 and 5 of the EPA

101

(4)

IV Violations and Penalties under the Act

105

(1)

V Enforcement of the Act

106

(4)

5 National Green Tribunal

110

(42)

A Introduction

110

(1)

B Objects of the NGT Act

111

(1)

C Constitution of the NGT

112

(2)

D Changes Brought About by the Finance Act of 2017

114

(5)

E Jurisdiction of the NGT

119

(12)

I The Techi Tagi Tarn Case

122

(4)

II The All Dimasa Students Union Case

126

(4)

III The Sridevi Datla Case

130

(1)

F Suo Motu Jurisdiction and Judicial Review

131

(3)

G Illustrative Decisions by the Tribunal

134

(18)

I The Rohtang Pass Case

134

(3)

II The MVRak Case

137

(4)

III The/A/TCase

141

(3)

IV The Art of Living Case

144

(5)

V The Great Indian Bustard Case (NGT)

149

(3)

6 Judicial Remedies And Procedures

152

(47)

A Tort Law

152

(21)

I Damages and Injunction

153

(1)

Damages

153

(1)

Injunction

154

(2)

II Nuisance, Negligence, Strict Liability and Absolute Liability

156

(1)

Nuisance

156

(7)

Negligence

163

(5)

Strict Liability

168

(1)

Absolute Liability

168

(5)

B Public Nuisance

173

(8)

C The Writ Jurisdiction

181

(9)

I Source of the Writ Jurisdiction

181

(1)

II Writs of Mandamus, Prohibition and Certiorari

182

(3)

III Limitations on the Writ Jurisdiction

185

(1)

IV Articles 32 and 226

186

(1)

V Judicial Review and Special Considerations

187

(1)

VI Writ Jurisdiction vis-a-vis the NGT's Powers

188

(2)

D Statutory Remedies

190

(9)

7 Public Interest Litigation

199

(29)

A Characteristics and Evolution

199

(6)

B Critique of PIL

205

(5)

C Judicial Theory and Practice

210

(4)

D PILs and Criminal Law

214

(6)

E Should Rivers Have Rights?

220

(4)

F Right to Information and Other Procedural Rights

224

(4)

8 Water Pollution Control

228

(87)

A Water Resources and Public Trust

228

(6)

B Water Pollution: Scope of the Problem

234

(6)

C The Water Act

240

(19)

I Framework of the Water Act

240

(7)

II Constitutional Challenges to Section 33 Restraining Orders

247

(2)

III Criminal Liability

249

(7)

IV The Repealed Water Cess Act

256

(3)

D The Environment (Protection) Act

259

(1)

E Nuisance Law and Water Pollution

260

(1)

I Public Nuisance Actions Under the Code of Criminal Procedure

260

(1)

II Injunctive Relief Under Common Law

260

(1)

F Riparian Rights and Water Pollution

261

(1)

G Administrative Action to Clean the Ganga

262

(8)

H The Ganga Pollution cases

270

(25)

I River Pollution

284

(1)

I TheNoyyal

284

(4)

II TheKhari

288

(4)

III The Yamuna

292

(3)

J Lakes

295

(14)

K Groundwater

309

(6)

9 Air Pollution Control

315

(88)

A Scope of the Problem

315

(2)

B The Statutes

317

(3)

C Air Act Cases

320

(8)

D The Aravalli Hills, Stone Quarrying, Stubble Burning, Fireworks

328

(24)

I Aravalli Hills

328

(10)

II Stone Quarrying

338

(5)

III Stubble Burning

343

(6)

IV Fireworks

349

(3)

E Preserving the Taj Mahal

352

(7)

F Vehicular Pollution

359

(29)

I Statutory Provisions

359

(1)

II Vehicular Pollution Cases

360

(1)

M C Mehta (Motor Vehicles Case)

360

(20)

Vardhaman Kaushik's Case (NGT)

380

(8)

G Noise Pollution

388

(15)

I Statutes

388

(1)

II Noise Pollution Cases

389

(14)

10 Forests

403

(89)

A Forest Laws

404

(3)

B The Forest Conservation Case

407

(16)

C The Dehradun Quarrying Litigation

423

(5)

D Mineral Extraction in Forests

428

(33)

I Vedanta

428

(11)

II Iron Ore Mining

439

(1)

Karnataka

439

(12)

Goa

451

(5)

Odisha

456

(5)

E Forests and Development

461

(31)

I The Lafarge Case

461

(8)

II The Okhla Bird Sanctuary Case

469

(6)

III The Godrej Case

475

(6)

IV Punjab Land Preservation Act

481

(3)

V The Kant Enclave Case

484

(4)

VI Kerala

488

(4)

11 Wildlife Protection

492

(59)

A Introduction

492

(5)

B The Wild Life Act: Scope and Implementation

497

(14)

C Eco-centrism, Endangered Species and Poaching

511

(15)

I The Asiatic Wild Buffalo Case

511

(5)

II The Sandalwood Case

516

(3)

III The Great Indian Bustard Case (SC)

519

(2)

IV Poaching

521

(3)

V Animal Trophies

524

(2)

D Forest Dwellers and Parks

526

(7)

I Pre-Forest Rights Act

526

(6)

II Forest Rights Act

532

(1)

E Commercial Interests and Protected Areas

533

(18)

I Sariska

533

(5)

II Kolleru

538

(2)

III Jamnagar

540

(4)

IV Kudremukh

544

(2)

V Sukhna

546

(1)

VI The Elephant Corridor Case

547

(4)

12 Urban Problems

551

(74)

A Right to the City

551

(14)

The Mumbai Mill Lands Case

557

(8)

B Principles of Planning Law

565

(14)

I Pune

565

(5)

II Indore

570

(3)

III Delhi

573

(3)

IV Surat

576

(3)

C Uneven Implementation

579

(18)

I Shanti Sports Club

579

(3)

II Campa Cola Compound

582

(7)

III Suresh Estates

589

(3)

IV Lutyens' Bungalow Zone

592

(1)

V Delhi Bus Depot

593

(2)

VI Calcutta Taj Hotel

595

(2)

D Public Parks

597

(9)

E Solid Waste Management

606

(4)

F Translocation of Industries

610

(9)

G Heritage

619

(6)

The Central Vista Case

621

(4)

13 Environmental Impact Assessment

625

(69)

A The EIA Regime

625

(19)

I The Framework: 1994--2006

626

(2)

II The 2006 Framework

628

(3)

III EIA at Ground Level

631

(2)

IV Appellate and Judicial Oversight

633

(3)

V Resettlement and Rehabilitation

636

(2)

VI EIA & Sompeta Thermal Plant

638

(6)

B The Supreme Court on EIA

644

(50)

I The Okhla Bird Sanctuary Case

644

(3)

II The Riverbed Sand Mining Cases

647

(6)

III The Sterlite Case

653

(9)

IV The Talaulicar & Sons Case

662

(2)

V The Electrotherm Case

664

(2)

VI The Goel Ganga Case

666

(7)

VII The Goa Airport Cases

673

(1)

Mopa -- 1

673

(6)

Mopa -- 2

679

(3)

VIII The Central Vista Case

682

(6)

IX The Alembic Case

688

(6)

14 Large Projects

694

(71)

A Introduction

694

(1)

B Land Acquisition

695

(3)

C The Silent Valley Project

698

(6)

D The Tehri Dam Project

704

(11)

E The Narmada Valley Project

715

(16)

F River Interlinking

731

(11)

G Power Projects

742

(18)

I Nuclear

742

(8)

II Hydro

750

(3)

III Thermal

753

(7)

H Other Projects

760

(5)

15 The Coast, Wetlands And Sensitive Areas

765

(69)

A Protecting the Coastal Region

765

(49)

I Marine Pollution

766

(1)

II Ocean Resources

767

(1)

III Coastal Development

767

(1)

Pre-1991

768

(5)

CRZ 1991

773

(4)

Diluting CRZ 1991

777

(6)

IV. The Shrimp Culture Case

783

(6)

CRZ 2011 & IPZ 2011

789

(4)

CRZ 2019 & Icrz 2019

793

(1)

V Kerala Cases

793

(1)

Vembanad Backwaters

793

(3)

VI The DLF Case

796

(1)

VII The Maradu Municipality Case

797

(2)

VIII Mangroves

799

(4)

IX Coastal Industry

803

(5)

X Lakshadweep

808

(2)

XI Sand Mining

810

(4)

B Wetlands

814

(16)

I East Kolkata Wetlands

815

(4)

II Critiquing the Court

819

(3)

III Chennai Wetlands

822

(2)

IV Tanks

824

(6)

C Ecologically Sensitive Areas

830

(4)

16 Regulation Of Hazardous Substances

834

(48)

A Legislative Framework

834

(3)

B The Shriram Gas Leak Case

837

(11)

C Hazardous Substance Cases

848

(15)

I The Fact Case

848

(5)

II The Bichhri Case

853

(3)

III The Research Foundation Case

856

(7)

D Pesticide and Radiation Cases

863

(6)

I Pesticide Cases

863

(5)

II Radiation Cases

868

(1)

E The Legal History and Implications of the Bhopal Gas Tragedy

869

(13)

I Introduction

869

(1)

II The Disaster

870

(1)

III Environmental Degradation and Genetic Damage

871

(1)

IV Union Carbide's Liability

872

(1)

V The Bhopal Act

873

(1)

VI American Litigation

874

(1)

VII Interim Compensation

875

(1)

VIII The Settlement

876

(1)

IX The Criminal Proceedings

877

(2)

X The Role of the State

879

(1)

XI The Pandemic and the Victims

879

(1)

XII Conclusion

880

(2)

17 International Environmental Law And Global Issues

882

(40)

A Introduction

882

(3)

B India's International Obligations

885

(1)

India's Treaty Obligations

885

(1)

C Established Norms of International Environmental Law

886

(13)

D Conflicts Between the Environment and Free Trade

899

(2)

The Shrimp Turtle Case: GATT Article 20

900

(1)

E Human Rights, Indigenous People and the Environment

901

(4)

F Environmental Justice

905

(2)

I Environment and Poverty

905

(1)

II North-South Tensions

906

(1)

G Air Pollution and Protection of the Atmosphere

907

(7)

I 1987 Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer

907

(1)

II 1992 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change

908

(4)

III The Paris Agreement 2015

912

(2)

H Protecting Endangered Species

914

(8)

I 1973 Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora

914

(1)

II 1992 Convention on Biological Diversity

915

(2)

I Protecting the Global Commons

917

(1)

I 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea

917

(1)

II The Fish Stocks Agreement

918

(1)

III 1959 Antarctic Treaty and 1991 Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty

918

(1)

IV The Arctic

919

(1)

V The Outer Space Treaty

920

(2)

18 Transboundary Environmental Issues

922

(19)

A What Are Transboundary Environmental Issues?

922

(1)

B Placing Transboundary Environmental Issues in Context

923

(1)

C Background to Transboundary Environmental Issues in South Asia

923

(1)

D The Law on Transboundary Environmental Issues

924

(1)

E Transboundary River Issues in South Asia

925

(11)

I The Indus Waters Treaty (IWT)

926

(8)

II India, Bangladesh and The Ganges - Brahmaputra

934

(1)

The Ganges--Brahmaputra Delta

934

(1)

River Interlinking Project

935

(1)

III India and Tibet/China

935

(1)

F Other Transboundary Issues in South Asia

936

(5)

I India and Pakistan---Air Pollution

936

(1)

II India, Pakistan and Siachen

937

(1)

III India, Sri Lanka and the Sethusamudram Canal Project

937

(2)

IV Climate Change and South Asia

939

(2)

Index

941

Shyam Divan was educated in Mumbai and Berkeley. He is a Senior Advocate and practices before the Supreme Court of India.

Armin Rosencranz, the founding dean of the Jindal School of Environment and Sustainability, was educated in Princeton and Stanford (LL.B, MA, PhD in political science). He taught environmental and natural resources policy and law to Stanford undergraduates for 20 years. Armin also taught climate, energy, and global environmental law at Boalt Hall - UC Berkeley, Golden Gate Law School, and Georgetown Law School.

Environmental Law and Policy in India: Cases and Materials 3rd Revised edition [Kõva köide]

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