Contributors |
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ix | |
Preface |
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xiii | |
Acknowledgments |
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xv | |
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1 Introduction to environmental micropollutants |
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1.1 Introduction to micropollutants |
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1 | (6) |
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7 | (1) |
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1.3 Remediation techniques |
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8 | (1) |
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8 | (1) |
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9 | (4) |
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2 Industrial chemicals as micropollutants in the environment |
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13 | (3) |
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2.2 Life cycle of plastics |
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16 | (2) |
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2.3 Plastic applications in everyday life |
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18 | (1) |
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2.4 Classification and grading of waste plastics |
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19 | (1) |
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2.5 Present practices in plastic waste management |
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20 | (2) |
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2.6 Impacts of plastic pollution on environmental compartments |
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22 | (11) |
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2.7 Potential toxic effects of plastic on human health |
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33 | (2) |
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2.8 Interlocking solutions against plastic crises |
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35 | (3) |
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38 | (1) |
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39 | (1) |
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39 | (6) |
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3 Impact of antibiotic-resistant bacteria on the environment |
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45 | (3) |
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3.2 Mode of transmission of resistant genes |
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48 | (4) |
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52 | (1) |
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3.4 Conclusion and future prospects |
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53 | (1) |
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54 | (9) |
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4 Food additives as environmental micropollutants |
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63 | (1) |
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4.2 History of food additives |
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64 | (1) |
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4.3 Types and functions of food additives |
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65 | (2) |
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4.4 Artificial sweeteners |
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67 | (1) |
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4.5 Food additives and malnutrition |
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68 | (1) |
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4.6 Adverse health effects of food additives |
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69 | (1) |
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70 | (2) |
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4.8 Types and health effects of micropollutants |
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72 | (3) |
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4.9 Treatment of micropollutants |
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75 | (1) |
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76 | (1) |
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76 | (5) |
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81 | (2) |
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5.2 Emission of micropollutants |
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83 | (1) |
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5.3 Biocides in wastewater treatment plant |
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84 | (1) |
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5.4 Response of microbial activity |
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84 | (2) |
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5.5 Environmental and health risk of biocides |
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86 | (1) |
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86 | (2) |
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88 | (3) |
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91 | (1) |
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6.2 Disinfection of drinking water |
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92 | (6) |
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6.3 Hospital disinfection |
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98 | (1) |
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6.4 Disinfection of swimming pool water and formation of disinfection by-products (DBPs) |
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99 | (6) |
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6.5 Human exposure to disinfectants during COVID-19 pandemic |
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105 | (2) |
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6.6 Biodegradation of disinfectants |
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107 | (1) |
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107 | (1) |
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108 | (9) |
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117 | (1) |
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117 | (2) |
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7.3 Chemical composition of detergents |
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119 | (3) |
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7.4 Effects of detergents |
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122 | (5) |
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127 | (1) |
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127 | (4) |
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8 Personal care products---fragrances, cosmetics, and sunscreens---in the environment |
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131 | (2) |
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133 | (11) |
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8.3 Personal care products---Threat to environment |
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144 | (1) |
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145 | (1) |
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145 | (6) |
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9 Hormones-active substances |
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151 | (1) |
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9.2 Hormonal activation substances |
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152 | (3) |
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9.3 Pathway and exposure of hormone active substances |
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155 | (1) |
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9.4 Dose-response relationship |
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156 | (1) |
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9.5 Impact of endocrine disruptors on animals and human health |
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156 | (13) |
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9.6 Toxicological effect of environmental pollutants on phytohormones |
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169 | (2) |
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9.7 Phytotoxicity caused by other environmental pollutants |
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171 | (1) |
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9.8 Interaction of environmental pollutants in ecosystem |
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171 | (6) |
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177 | (6) |
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10 Endocrine-disrupting compounds |
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183 | (1) |
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10.2 Xenohormones as endocrine disruptors |
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184 | (1) |
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185 | (9) |
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194 | (1) |
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195 | (6) |
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11 Household chemicals and their impact |
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201 | (1) |
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11.2 Classification of household chemicals |
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202 | (7) |
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11.3 The abundance of household chemicals in the environment |
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209 | (3) |
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11.4 Effects of household chemicals on humans and the environment |
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212 | (5) |
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11.5 Alternatives to household products |
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217 | (4) |
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11.6 Proposed precautions for the safe use of household chemicals |
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221 | (1) |
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11.7 Conclusions and way forward |
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222 | (1) |
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223 | (10) |
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12 Occurrence and fate of micropollutants in surface waters |
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Juan Alejandro Neira Mosquera |
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Sungey Naynee Sanchez Llaguno |
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233 | (1) |
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12.2 What are micropollutants in surface waters? |
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234 | (1) |
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235 | (1) |
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12.4 Microcontaminants and their properties |
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235 | (1) |
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12.5 Emerging pollutants and their impacts on health |
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236 | (1) |
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12.6 Classification of emerging pollutants |
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237 | (1) |
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12.7 Emerging pollutants in water |
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238 | (4) |
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12.8 Micropollutants in personal care |
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242 | (2) |
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12.9 Elimination techniques |
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244 | (4) |
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12.10 Advanced oxidation treatments (AOPs) |
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248 | (4) |
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12.11 Nanofiltration membrane in water treatment |
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252 | (2) |
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12.12 Ultrafiltration (UF) membrane |
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254 | (1) |
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255 | (1) |
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12.14 Hybrid technologies |
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256 | (4) |
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12.15 Treatment of microfiltration membranes |
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260 | (1) |
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12.16 Surface waters with their respective improved coagulation treatment and the use of microfiltration |
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261 | (1) |
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262 | (3) |
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12.18 Nanofiltration and reverse osmosis |
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265 | (1) |
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266 | (1) |
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266 | (5) |
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13 Occurrence and fate of micropollutants in water bodies |
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271 | (1) |
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13.2 Sources and pathways |
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272 | (2) |
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274 | (5) |
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13.4 Emerging contaminants found in water bodies of India |
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279 | (5) |
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13.5 Fate of micropollutants |
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284 | (2) |
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286 | (1) |
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287 | (1) |
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287 | (8) |
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14 Occurrence and fate of micropollutants in soils |
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Syed Ali Musstjab Akber Shah Eqani |
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295 | (1) |
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14.2 Occurrence of inorganic micropollutants |
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295 | (2) |
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14.3 Occurrence of organic pollutants |
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297 | (4) |
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301 | (4) |
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15 Occurrence and fate of micropollutants in air |
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305 | (2) |
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15.2 Micropollutant emission |
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307 | (2) |
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15.3 Exposure of organic micropollutants in air |
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309 | (1) |
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15.4 Air pollution monitoring (rules and regulations) |
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310 | (1) |
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311 | (1) |
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311 | (1) |
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312 | (3) |
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16 Microcontaminants in wastewater |
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315 | (1) |
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16.2 Classifications of microcontaminants |
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316 | (3) |
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16.3 Worldwide occurrence of microcontaminants |
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319 | (1) |
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16.4 Health risks associated with microcontaminants |
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320 | (1) |
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16.5 Treatment technologies for the removal of microcontaminants |
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321 | (2) |
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323 | (1) |
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324 | (7) |
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17 Ecotoxicological risk assessment of environmental micropollutants |
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17.1 Risk assessment of micropollutants |
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331 | (1) |
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17.2 Ecological risk assessment |
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332 | (1) |
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17.3 Ecotoxicity prediction models |
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332 | (1) |
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17.4 Risk assessment for POPs |
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333 | (1) |
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17.5 Risk assessment for trace metals |
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334 | (1) |
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17.6 Risk assessment for microplastics |
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335 | (1) |
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335 | (1) |
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336 | (3) |
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18 Usage and disposal strategies of environmental micropollutants |
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339 | (1) |
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18.2 OMPs in the environment |
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340 | (3) |
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18.3 Remedial methods and removal prospective |
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343 | (8) |
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18.4 Summary of treatment processes and combined systems for MP elimination |
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351 | (4) |
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18.5 Conclusions and recommendations |
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355 | (1) |
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356 | (9) |
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19 Phytoremediation of micropollutants |
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365 | (2) |
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19.2 Techniques used for elimination of micropollutants |
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367 | (1) |
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367 | (1) |
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368 | (1) |
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19.5 Phytoremediation techniques |
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369 | (2) |
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19.6 Phytoremediation by utilizing the crop plants |
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371 | (3) |
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19.7 Phytoremediation strategy based on plant-microbe interaction |
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374 | (2) |
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19.8 Mechanism of action for phytoremediation |
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376 | (3) |
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379 | (1) |
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380 | (1) |
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380 | (7) |
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20 Bioremediation of micropollutants |
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387 | (1) |
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20.2 Sources of micropollutants |
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388 | (2) |
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20.3 Potential risks to the environment |
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390 | (1) |
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20.4 Impacts on human health |
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391 | (1) |
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20.5 Removal of micropollutants |
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392 | (1) |
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20.6 Biological treatment of micropollutants |
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392 | (7) |
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399 | (1) |
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400 | (7) |
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21 Nanotechnology to treat the environmental micropollutants |
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407 | (4) |
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21.2 Micropollutants removal from water |
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411 | (5) |
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21.3 Nanotechnology and micropollutants removal |
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416 | (11) |
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427 | (4) |
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21.5 Improvement in the performance of microbial fuel cells by nanotechnology |
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431 | (1) |
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21.6 Integration of microbes with water purification electrospun nanofibrous webs |
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432 | (1) |
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433 | (1) |
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434 | (1) |
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434 | (9) |
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22 Removal of micropollutants |
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22.1 Biological removal of micropollutants |
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443 | (5) |
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22.2 Physical removal of micropollutants |
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448 | (4) |
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22.3 Chemical removal of micropollutants |
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452 | (6) |
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458 | (5) |
Index |
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