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Essential Principles of Image Sensors [Kõva köide]

4.00/5 (4 hinnangut Goodreads-ist)
(Consultant, Osaka, Japan)
  • Formaat: Hardback, 192 pages, kõrgus x laius: 254x178 mm, kaal: 521 g, 5 Tables, black and white; 180 Illustrations, black and white
  • Ilmumisaeg: 12-Aug-2014
  • Kirjastus: CRC Press Inc
  • ISBN-10: 1482220059
  • ISBN-13: 9781482220056
Teised raamatud teemal:
Essential Principles of Image SensorsSuurem pilt
  • Formaat: Hardback, 192 pages, kõrgus x laius: 254x178 mm, kaal: 521 g, 5 Tables, black and white; 180 Illustrations, black and white
  • Ilmumisaeg: 12-Aug-2014
  • Kirjastus: CRC Press Inc
  • ISBN-10: 1482220059
  • ISBN-13: 9781482220056
Teised raamatud teemal:
Püsilink: https://www.kriso.ee/db/9781482220056.html
Märksõnad:
"Providing an introduction to the systemization of image sensor technology and perspective on its various noise sources and signal processes, this book delivers a detailed description of image information and its four factors: light intensity, space, wavelength, and time. It discusses how image sensors convert optical image information into image signals. It tackles CCD, MOS, and CMOS, as well as key techniques such as BSI. It also considers the influences of in-system digitized coordinate points and explains sampling theorem, presenting unique figures demonstrating the importance of phase"--

For readers new to image sensors, physicist Kuroda explains the indispensable functions and ideal situation of image sensors by marshaling the factors that determine image information quality and explaining the structure of image information. He also discusses the history of image sensors and the way designers tried to respond to market demands by using the best combinations of the available technology in each era. Among his topics are device elements and circuits for image sensors, the integration period and scanning mode, impacts of digitalization by built-in coordinate points on image information quality, and imaging systems. Annotation ©2014 Ringgold, Inc., Portland, OR (protoview.com)

Providing a succinct introduction to the systemization, noise sources, and signal processes of image sensor technology, Essential Principles of Image Sensors discusses image information and its four factors: space, light intensity, wavelength, and time. Featuring clarifying and insightful illustrations, this must-have text:

  • Explains how image sensors convert optical image information into image signals
  • Treats space, wavelength, and time as digitized built-in coordinate points in image sensors and systems
  • Details the operational principles, pixel technology, and evolution of CCD, MOS, and CMOS sensors with updated technology
  • Describes sampling theory, presenting unique figures demonstrating the importance of phase
  • Explores causes for the decline of image information quality

In a straightforward manner suitable for beginners and experts alike, Essential Principles of Image Sensors covers key topics related to digital imaging including semiconductor physics, component elements necessary for image sensors, silicon as a sensitive material, noises in sensors, and more.

Arvustused

"... covers the basic principles of image sensors from semiconductor devices to sensor physics to image processing fundamentals. Each new concept is presented in a clear manner and the text is elegant, with the author giving essential details and generous insights without adding excessive details. I highly recommend this publication to engineers and applied physicists. Although the subject matter is very technical, it would also be of interest to graduate students." Professor Christian Brosseau, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Brest, France, from Optics & Photonics News, February 2015

"The main strength of this book is the breadth of the covered material from basic semiconductor device and sensor physics to specifics of various types of image sensors, image processing fundamentals, and imaging systems performance. Thus, this book is useful to anyone who wishes to learn the basics of various aspects of image sensors." Maxim Ershov, Silicon Frontline Technology, Campbell, California, USA

" unmatched by any other book in describing techniques for building competitive CMOS image sensors. fundamentally grounded in sampling theory." Tobi Delbruck, Institute of Neuroinformatics, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Switzerland

" a good general resource for digital imaging technologists. The author is clearly an expert in the field and has assembled a practical review of this technology." Ray Fontaine, Chipworks, Inc., Ottawa, Ontario, Canada

Preface to English Edition ix
Preface to Japanese Edition xi
Author xiii
1 Task of Imaging and Role of Image Sensors 1(10)
1.1 Factors Constructing Image Information
1(3)
1.2 Image Sensor Output and Structure of Image Signal
4(5)
1.2.1 Monochrome Still Images
4(1)
1.2.2 Color Still Images
5(1)
1.2.3 Color Moving Images
6(3)
1.3 Functional Elements of Image Sensors
9(1)
References
10(1)
2 Device Elements and Circuits for Image Sensors 11(24)
2.1 Device Element Components
11(15)
2.1.1 Foundation of Silicon Device Physics
11(3)
2.1.2 pn-Junction
14(3)
2.1.3 MOS Structure
17(3)
2.1.4 Buried MOS Structure
20(4)
2.1.5 Photogate
24(1)
2.1.6 Photodiode
25(1)
2.1.7 Buried Photodiode/Pinned Photodiode
25(1)
2.2 Silicon as a Photosensitive Material
26(3)
2.2.1 np Photodiode on p-Type Substrate
27(2)
2.2.2 npn Photodiode on p-Well
29(1)
2.3 Circuit Components
29(5)
2.3.1 Floating Diffusion Amplifier
29(1)
2.3.2 Source Follower Amplifier
30(2)
2.3.3 Correlated Double Sampling Circuit
32(2)
References
34(1)
3 Major Types of Noise in Image Sensors 35(12)
3.1 Amplitude of Noise
35(2)
3.2 Circuitry Noise (kTC Noise)
37(2)
3.3 Transistor Noise
39(2)
3.3.1 1/f Noise
39(1)
3.3.2 Thermal Noise
39(1)
3.3.3 Random Telegraph Noise
40(1)
3.4 Shot Noise
41(2)
3.5 FDA Noise Reduction by CDS
43(2)
References
45(2)
4 Integration Period and Scanning Mode 47(4)
4.1 Progressive Mode
47(1)
4.2 Interlaced Mode
47(2)
4.3 Electronic Shutter Mode
49(2)
5 Types of Image Sensors 51(80)
5.1 CCD Sensors
51(25)
5.1.1 Principle of CCDs
51(11)
5.1.1.1 Interline Transfer CCDs
57(2)
5.1.1.2 Basic Pixel Structure of IT-CCD
59(3)
5.1.2 Pixel Technology of IT-CCD
62(11)
5.1.2.1 Vertical Overflow Drain Structure
63(3)
5.1.2.2 Depleted Photodiode and Transfer Mechanism
66(4)
5.1.2.3 Buried Photodiode/Pinned Photodiode
70(3)
5.1.3 Progress of CCD Sensor
73(3)
5.1.3.1 Frame Transfer CCD
73(1)
5.1.3.2 Frame-Interline Transfer CCD
74(2)
5.2 MOS Sensors
76(7)
5.2.1 Principle of MOS Sensors
76(4)
5.2.2 Pixel Technology of MOS Sensors
80(1)
5.2.3 Progress in MOS Sensors
81(2)
5.2.3.1 Pixel Interpolation Array Imager
81(1)
5.2.3.2 Transversal Signal Line Imager
82(1)
5.3 CMOS Sensors
83(37)
5.3.1 Principle of CMOS Sensors
83(1)
5.3.2 Pixel Technology of CMOS Sensors
84(11)
5.3.2.1 Three Transistor Pixel Configuration
84(6)
5.3.2.2 Four-Transistor Pixel Configuration
90(3)
5.3.2.3 Shared Pixel Architecture
93(2)
5.3.3 Progress in CMOS Sensors
95(25)
5.3.3.1 Noise Reduction Circuits in Analog Output Sensor
95(2)
5.3.3.2 Digital Output Sensors
97(13)
5.3.3.3 Sensitivity Improvement Technology
110(6)
5.3.3.4 Organic Sensors
116(4)
5.4 Electronic Shutter
120(3)
5.4.1 Electronic Shutter of CCD Sensors
120(1)
5.4.2 Electronic Shutter of MOS and CMOS Sensors
121(2)
5.5 Comparison of Situation and Prospects of Each Sensor Type
123(3)
References
126(5)
6 Impacts of Digitization by Built-In Coordinate Points on Image Information Quality 131(12)
6.1 Sampling and Sampling Theorem
131(2)
6.2 Sampling in Space Domain
133(5)
6.3 Sampling in Time Domain
138(1)
6.4 Sampling in Wavelength Domain and Color Information
139(3)
References
142(1)
7 Technologies to Improve Image Information Quality 143(16)
7.1 Light Intensity Information
143(4)
7.1.1 Sensitivity
143(2)
7.1.2 Dynamic Range
145(5)
7.1.2.1 Hyper-D CCD
145(1)
7.1.2.2 CMOS Image Sensor with Lateral Overflow Capacitor
146(1)
7.2 Space Information
147(3)
7.3 Time Information
150(5)
7.3.1 Frame-Based Sensors
150(4)
7.3.1.1 Parallel Output-Type Sensor
150(1)
7.3.1.2 Column-Parallel ADC-Type Sensor
151(1)
7.3.1.3 Burst-Type Sensor
151(2)
7.3.1.4 Coexistence Type of Burst and Continuous Imaging Modes
153(1)
7.3.2 Event-Driven Sensor
154(1)
7.4 Color and Wavelength Information
155(2)
7.4.1 Single-Chip Color Camera System
155(1)
7.4.2 Multiband Camera System
156(1)
7.4.3 Hyperspectral Imaging System
156(1)
References
157(2)
8 Imaging Systems 159(9)
8.1 Deteriorating Elements of Image Information Quality
159(3)
8.2 Signal Processing
162(6)
8.2.1 Defect Correction, Brightness Correction
163(1)
8.2.2 White Balance
163(1)
8.2.3 Demosaicking
164(1)
8.2.4 Color Conversion
165(1)
8.2.5 Color and Tone Matching
165(1)
8.2.6 Noise Reduction
166(1)
8.2.7 Edge Enhancement
167(1)
8.2.8 Image Format
167(1)
8.2.9 Problem of DSP Correction Dependence Syndrome
167(1)
8.3 Three-Chip Color Camera System
168(1)
Reference 168(1)
Epilogue 169(2)
Index 171
Takao Kuroda earned his bachelor, masters, and doctorate degrees from Osaka University, Japan. Throughout his illustrious career, he has held positions in the Panasonic Corporations Electronics Laboratory, Kyoto Research Laboratory, Elemental Technology Development Group, and Image Sensor Business Unit. He initially retired from Panasonic in December 2005, but at the companys request, he accepted an advisory role to establish a technology strategy. In 2011, he retired completely to write the Japanese version of Essential Principles of Image Sensors. An ITE fellow, Dr. Kuroda holds 70 Japanese and 15 US patents. His research has contributed to numerous technological advancements around the world.