| Preface |
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xv | |
| Contributors |
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xvii | |
| Acronyms |
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xix | |
| Part I The Law And Nursing Practice |
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Chapter 1 The Legal Environment |
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3 | (5) |
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3 | (1) |
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3 | (1) |
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4 | (1) |
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Procedural and Substantive Rights |
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5 | (1) |
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Lawsuits and Legal Processes |
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5 | (1) |
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Alternative Dispute Resolution |
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6 | (2) |
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Chapter 2 Regulation of Nursing Practice |
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8 | (5) |
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8 | (1) |
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National Council of State Boards of Nursing (NCSBN) |
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9 | (1) |
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Multistate Licensure and Mutual Recognition |
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9 | (1) |
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Nurse Practice Acts (NPAs) |
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10 | (1) |
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Interaction with Related Healthcare Practitioners |
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11 | (1) |
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11 | (1) |
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Challenges to Nursing Practice |
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11 | (1) |
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Criminal Background Check- Licensure Considerations |
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12 | (1) |
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Chapter 3 Nurses in Legal Actions |
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13 | (9) |
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14 | (1) |
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Administrative Law Actions |
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14 | (1) |
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14 | (1) |
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Investigation and Disciplinary Process |
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15 | (1) |
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Administrative Due Process/Appeal |
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15 | (1) |
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Reporting Disciplinary Actions |
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16 | (2) |
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Private or "Off-Duty" Conduct |
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18 | (1) |
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18 | (1) |
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18 | (1) |
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19 | (3) |
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Chapter 4 Standards of Care |
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22 | (4) |
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National Standard of Care Versus the Locality Rule |
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23 | (1) |
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How the Standard of Care Is Applied |
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23 | (1) |
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24 | (1) |
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Standards of Care in Specialties |
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24 | (1) |
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Majority Versus Minority Views |
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25 | (1) |
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25 | (1) |
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Accreditation/Professional Standards |
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25 | (1) |
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Chapter 5 Defenses to Negligence or Malpractice |
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26 | (4) |
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Failure to Prove Elements of Claim |
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27 | (1) |
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Voluntary Release or Waiver of Claim |
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27 | (1) |
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27 | (1) |
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Plaintiff's Negligence or Conduct |
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28 | (1) |
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29 | (1) |
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Chapter 6 Prevention of Malpractice |
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30 | (7) |
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Physician or Other Medical Provider's Orders |
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30 | (1) |
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31 | (1) |
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32 | (1) |
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32 | (1) |
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Medication and Transcription Errors |
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33 | (1) |
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Professional Responsibility and Limitations |
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33 | (1) |
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Communication with Patients |
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33 | (1) |
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33 | (1) |
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Performing Nursing Procedures |
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34 | (1) |
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35 | (1) |
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35 | (1) |
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35 | (2) |
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Chapter 7 Nurses as Witnesses |
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37 | (5) |
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37 | (1) |
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38 | (1) |
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Qualification as an Expert Witness |
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39 | (1) |
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Testimony in Criminal Cases |
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40 | (1) |
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40 | (2) |
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Chapter 8 Professional Liability Insurance |
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42 | (6) |
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43 | (1) |
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Policy Provisions and Coverage |
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43 | (1) |
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Responsibilities of the Insured |
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44 | (1) |
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44 | (1) |
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Reasons to Obtain Individual Professional Liability Insurance |
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44 | (1) |
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Effect of an Individual Liability Policy |
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45 | (3) |
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Chapter 9 Accepting or Refusing an Assignment/Patient Abandonment |
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48 | (10) |
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Legal and Ethical Framework |
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49 | (1) |
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Factors to Consider in Accepting or Refusing an Assignment |
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50 | (1) |
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Acceptance of Assignment with Reservation or Despite Objection |
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51 | (1) |
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Avoiding Charges of Patient Abandonment |
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52 | (1) |
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Cross-Training and Floating |
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53 | (1) |
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Understaffing and Patient Safety |
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54 | (1) |
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ANA Safe Staffing Initiative |
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55 | (3) |
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Chapter 10 Delegation to Unlicensed Assistive Personnel |
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58 | (9) |
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Legal Framework for Delegation |
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59 | (1) |
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Guidelines/Situations for Delegation |
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60 | (1) |
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The Process of Effective Delegation |
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60 | (1) |
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Liability Issues in Delegation |
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61 | (1) |
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Case Law Related to Delegation and Working with Unlicensed Staff |
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62 | (5) |
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67 | (6) |
| Part II Liability In Patient Care |
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Chapter 11 Patients' Rights and Responsibilities |
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73 | (4) |
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Sources of Patients' Rights |
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74 | (1) |
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75 | (1) |
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ANA Code for Protecting Patients' Rights |
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75 | (1) |
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76 | (1) |
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Chapter 12 Confidential Communication |
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77 | (8) |
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Legal and Ethical Framework |
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78 | (1) |
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Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) |
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78 | (1) |
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Privacy and Confidentiality in Situations Involving Sensitive Patient Information |
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79 | (1) |
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80 | (1) |
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81 | (1) |
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Consequences of Disclosure of Confidential Information |
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82 | (1) |
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Confidentiality in an Era of Information Technology |
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82 | (1) |
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Best Practices to Comply with HIPAA and Privacy Laws |
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83 | (2) |
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Chapter 13 Competency and Guardianship |
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85 | (5) |
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Presumption of Competence |
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86 | (1) |
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86 | (1) |
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Guardianship Process/Determination of Competency |
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86 | (2) |
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Situations Where Guardians May be Present |
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88 | (1) |
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Implementing Procedures Related to Competency, Consent, and Guardianship |
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88 | (2) |
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Chapter 14 Informed Consent |
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90 | (8) |
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Accreditation and Regulatory Standards |
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90 | (2) |
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92 | (1) |
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93 | (1) |
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Lack of Consent: The Nurse's Responsibility |
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93 | (1) |
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Emergency Exception to Informed Consent |
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93 | (1) |
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94 | (1) |
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Limitations to Informed Consent |
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94 | (1) |
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94 | (1) |
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95 | (1) |
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95 | (3) |
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Chapter 15 Refusal of Treatment |
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98 | (4) |
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Right to Refuse Treatment-Generally |
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99 | (1) |
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Patient Self-Determination Act |
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99 | (1) |
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99 | (1) |
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99 | (1) |
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Assessment of Patient's Competence |
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99 | (1) |
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100 | (1) |
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101 | (1) |
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102 | (4) |
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103 | (1) |
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103 | (1) |
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103 | (1) |
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103 | (1) |
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104 | (1) |
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104 | (2) |
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Chapter 17 Patient Teaching and Health Counseling |
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106 | (5) |
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Legal and Ethical Framework |
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106 | (1) |
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Principles of Patient Teaching |
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107 | (1) |
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Teaching in Various Settings and Circumstances |
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107 | (2) |
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Minimizing Risks of Liability from Patient Teaching |
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109 | (2) |
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Chapter 18 Medication Administration |
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111 | (16) |
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Standards Related to Medication Safety and Error Reporting |
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112 | (2) |
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114 | (2) |
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Case Law Involving Administration of Medications |
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116 | (6) |
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Disciplinary Action by the State Board of Nursing |
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122 | (1) |
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Risk Management Considerations |
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122 | (1) |
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Error Reduction Through Technological Advances |
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123 | (4) |
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Chapter 19 Clients with AIDS and HIV Testing |
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127 | (4) |
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128 | (1) |
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128 | (1) |
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Informed Consent for HIV Testing |
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128 | (1) |
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Exceptions to Informed Consent |
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129 | (1) |
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129 | (1) |
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Americans with Disabilities Act |
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129 | (1) |
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Duty to Treat HIV Patients |
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130 | (1) |
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Chapter 20 Abusive Situations |
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131 | (4) |
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131 | (1) |
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Elders and Vulnerble Adults |
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132 | (2) |
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134 | (1) |
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Chapter 21 Reproductive Services |
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135 | (4) |
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135 | (2) |
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Minors and Treatment for Sexually Transmitted Diseases |
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137 | (1) |
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137 | (1) |
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137 | (2) |
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139 | (4) |
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140 | (1) |
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140 | (1) |
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140 | (1) |
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Evaluation and Monitoring |
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140 | (1) |
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141 | (1) |
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141 | (1) |
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141 | (1) |
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142 | (1) |
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142 | (1) |
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Chapter 23 Emergency Psychiatric Admissions |
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143 | (5) |
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Patient Rights Versus Risk of Harm |
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144 | (1) |
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Clinical Criteria for Determining Danger |
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144 | (1) |
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144 | (1) |
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145 | (3) |
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Chapter 24 Organ and Tissue Donation and Transplantation |
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148 | (8) |
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149 | (1) |
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Donation Network and Organ Procurement Organization |
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150 | (1) |
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150 | (1) |
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151 | (1) |
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151 | (1) |
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Liability Related to Consent |
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152 | (2) |
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Matching Donors and Recipients |
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154 | (1) |
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155 | (1) |
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Chapter 25 Discharge Against Medical Advice |
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156 | (5) |
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157 | (1) |
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157 | (1) |
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157 | (1) |
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158 | (1) |
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Emergency Medical Treatment and Labor Act |
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159 | (2) |
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161 | (8) |
| Part III Documentation And Regulatory Compliance |
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Chapter 26 The Medical Record and Documentation Standards |
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169 | (6) |
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Review of Medical Records |
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169 | (1) |
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170 | (1) |
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170 | (2) |
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172 | (1) |
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172 | (1) |
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Correcting Mistakes in Documentation |
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172 | (1) |
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Maintain Professionalism in Documentation |
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172 | (1) |
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172 | (1) |
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Quality and Performance Measurement and Improvement |
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173 | (1) |
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Authorized Access to Medical Records |
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173 | (1) |
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173 | (2) |
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Chapter 27 Electronic Health Information and Communications |
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175 | (8) |
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Legal Framework-Federal and State Protections |
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176 | (1) |
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Liability for Unauthorized Disclosure of Medical Information |
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177 | (1) |
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Authenticating Entries-Electronic Signatures |
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177 | (1) |
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178 | (1) |
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Maintaining Security of Electronic Health Information |
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178 | (1) |
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Preventing Unauthorized Access/Audit Trails |
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179 | (1) |
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Litigation Involving Electronic Recording or Transmission of Health or Workplace Information |
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179 | (4) |
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Chapter 28 Interdependent Nursing Functions: Verbal Orders and Telenursing |
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183 | (4) |
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183 | (1) |
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Chain of Command: Questioning a Physician's Orders |
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184 | (1) |
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185 | (1) |
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Legal Consideration: Nursing License |
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185 | (2) |
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Chapter 29 Event Reporting and Compliance |
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187 | (6) |
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187 | (1) |
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188 | (1) |
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Definition of Sentinel Events |
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189 | (1) |
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External Reporting: Mandatory Reporting |
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189 | (1) |
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189 | (1) |
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190 | (1) |
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190 | (1) |
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191 | (1) |
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Documentation of Incident |
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191 | (2) |
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Chapter 30 Quality and Safety in Nursing Practice |
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193 | (12) |
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Institute of Medicine (IOM) Reports |
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193 | (2) |
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Culture of Safety and Error Disclosure |
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195 | (1) |
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Failure to Rescue, Surveillance, and Rapid Response Teams |
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196 | (1) |
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Joint Commission National Patient Safety Goals |
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197 | (1) |
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197 | (3) |
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Institute for Healthcare Improvement |
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200 | (1) |
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200 | (1) |
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Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality |
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200 | (1) |
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Additional Federal Agencies |
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201 | (1) |
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Institute for Safe Medication Practices |
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201 | (1) |
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Quality and Safety Education for Nurses |
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201 | (1) |
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Additional Strategies to Improve Safety Performance |
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202 | (3) |
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Chapter 31 Forensic Issues |
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205 | (4) |
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206 | (1) |
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206 | (1) |
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207 | (1) |
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Suspected Drug Abuse or Possession |
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207 | (1) |
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Accident or Trauma Incidents |
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207 | (1) |
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207 | (2) |
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Part III Review Questions |
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209 | (6) |
| Part IV Employment And The Workplace |
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Chapter 32 Employer and Employee Rights |
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215 | (8) |
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216 | (1) |
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Statutory Regulation and Protection |
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216 | (3) |
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219 | (1) |
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Protection from Discrimination |
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220 | (1) |
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221 | (2) |
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223 | (4) |
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224 | (1) |
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224 | (1) |
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Defenses to Contract Enforcement |
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224 | (1) |
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Termination of the Contract |
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224 | (1) |
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Remedies for Breach of Contract |
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225 | (1) |
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225 | (2) |
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Chapter 34 Corporate Liability |
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227 | (5) |
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Responsibility for Supervision of Quality of Patient Care |
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228 | (1) |
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Corporate Liability for Acts of Employees |
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228 | (1) |
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Duty Regarding Selection and Retention of Employees |
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229 | (1) |
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Duty to Provide Adequate and Safe Equipment |
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230 | (1) |
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Duty to Maintain Safe Premises |
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230 | (1) |
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Duty to Adopt and Follow Proper Regulations and Safety Procedures |
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230 | (1) |
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Nurses' Risks and Remedies |
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231 | (1) |
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Chapter 35 Employment Contracts and Unionization |
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232 | (4) |
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232 | (1) |
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Employment-at-Will Doctrine |
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233 | (1) |
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Exceptions to the Employment-at-Will Doctrine |
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233 | (1) |
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Unions and Collective Bargaining Agreements |
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233 | (1) |
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234 | (1) |
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Staff Nurses as Supervisors |
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234 | (1) |
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235 | (1) |
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Chapter 36 Employment Status Liability |
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236 | (5) |
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Vicarious Liability Theories |
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236 | (1) |
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237 | (1) |
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Employment Relationship/Setting Liability |
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237 | (4) |
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Chapter 37 Staffing Issues and Floating |
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241 | (4) |
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Employer's Right to Assign Nurses According to Staffing Needs |
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241 | (1) |
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The Nurse Should Be Qualified for the Assignment |
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242 | (1) |
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The Employer Must Be Put on Notice If the Nurse Is Not Qualified |
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242 | (1) |
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Case Law Involving Floating and Reassignment |
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243 | (1) |
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Patient Safety Comes First |
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244 | (1) |
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Exceptions to the Employer's Right to Float Nurses |
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244 | (1) |
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Chapter 38 Americans with Disabilities Act |
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245 | (5) |
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Covered Disabilities and Reasonable Accommodations |
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246 | (1) |
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How the ADA Affects Nurses as Employees in the Pre-employment Phase |
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247 | (1) |
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How the ADA Affects Nurses as Employees |
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247 | (1) |
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Public Accommodations in the Healthcare Setting |
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247 | (1) |
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How the Act Affects Nurses as Healthcare Providers |
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247 | (1) |
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Remedies for Noncompliance |
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248 | (2) |
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Chapter 39 Employees with AIDS/HIV Infection and Exposure to Bloodborne Pathogens |
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250 | (5) |
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251 | (1) |
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251 | (1) |
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Nurses' Rights with a Bloodborne Pathogen Exposure |
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252 | (1) |
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Nurses' Rights as Employees to Confidentiality |
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253 | (1) |
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Americans with Disabilities Act |
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253 | (1) |
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253 | (1) |
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254 | (1) |
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Chapter 40 Impaired Nurses |
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255 | (9) |
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Definition of Impairment/Abuse |
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256 | (1) |
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256 | (1) |
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Current Attitudes and Focus |
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256 | (1) |
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Identification of an Impaired Nurse |
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257 | (1) |
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Ethical and Legal Obligations |
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257 | (1) |
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Case Law and Legal Claims |
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258 | (4) |
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262 | (1) |
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262 | (2) |
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Chapter 41 Sexual Harassment in the Workplace |
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264 | (6) |
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265 | (1) |
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265 | (1) |
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266 | (2) |
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Steps to Take When Sexual Harassment Occurs |
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268 | (1) |
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Remedies for Successful Claims |
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268 | (1) |
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268 | (2) |
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Chapter 42 Violence in the Workplace |
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270 | (6) |
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Suspected Violence Against a Patient |
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271 | (1) |
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Violence by Healthcare Practitioners Against a Patient |
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271 | (1) |
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Violence Against Healthcare Workers |
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271 | (1) |
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Horizontal Violence and Bullying |
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272 | (1) |
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Protecting Workers-Organizational/Legislative Responses |
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273 | (1) |
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Violence in the Community |
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274 | (1) |
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Suspected Drug Possession |
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274 | (1) |
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Documentation and Reporting |
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274 | (1) |
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Risk Management and Strategies to Minimize Violence |
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274 | (2) |
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Chapter 43 Intentional Torts |
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276 | (6) |
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277 | (2) |
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279 | (1) |
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280 | (2) |
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Chapter 44 Environmental Health and Safety |
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282 | (7) |
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Occupational Health and Safety Administration (OHSA) |
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282 | (1) |
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National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) |
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283 | (1) |
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Ergonomic Safety and Safe Patient Handling Campaigns |
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283 | (1) |
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Occupational Exposure to Hazardous Drugs and Substances |
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284 | (3) |
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Green and Other Environmental Initiatives |
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287 | (2) |
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289 | (8) |
| Part V Ethics |
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Chapter 45 Ethical Decision Making |
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297 | (7) |
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297 | (1) |
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298 | (1) |
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Ethical Framework for Practice |
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|
299 | (1) |
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Professional Boundaries and Relationships with Patients |
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|
300 | (1) |
|
Case Law Involving Ethical Issues |
|
|
300 | (4) |
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Chapter 46 Professional Boundaries and Patient Relationships |
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|
304 | (6) |
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305 | (1) |
|
National Council of State Boards of Nursing (NCSBN) |
|
|
305 | (1) |
|
|
|
306 | (1) |
|
Examples of Typical Boundary Crossings |
|
|
307 | (1) |
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Case Example: BON Discipline |
|
|
307 | (1) |
|
|
|
308 | (2) |
|
Chapter 47 Moral Courage and Patient Advocacy |
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|
310 | (6) |
|
Legal and Ethical Framework |
|
|
311 | (1) |
|
Patient Advocacy and Moral Distress |
|
|
311 | (1) |
|
|
|
312 | (1) |
|
|
|
312 | (1) |
|
Strategies to Foster and Promote Moral Courage |
|
|
312 | (1) |
|
Inhibitors of Moral Courage |
|
|
313 | (1) |
|
|
|
313 | (3) |
|
Chapter 48 Social Media and Online Professionalism |
|
|
316 | (7) |
|
Benefits and Risks of Social Media |
|
|
316 | (1) |
|
Consequences of Misuse of Social Media |
|
|
317 | (2) |
|
Nursing Students, Clinical Experiences, and Internet Postings |
|
|
319 | (2) |
|
Strategies to Preserve Online Professionalism |
|
|
321 | (2) |
|
Chapter 49 Reporting Illegal, Unethical, or Unsafe Conduct |
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|
323 | (8) |
|
Legal and Ethical Framework for Duty to Report |
|
|
324 | (1) |
|
Case Law Involving an Ethical or Legal Duty to Report |
|
|
324 | (4) |
|
Consequences of Not Reporting |
|
|
328 | (1) |
|
Steps to Ensure Proper Reporting |
|
|
329 | (1) |
|
Risks of Reporting Illegal or Unethical Conduct |
|
|
330 | (1) |
|
Fulfilling Professional Responsibility |
|
|
330 | (1) |
|
Chapter 50 Maternal and Fetal Rights |
|
|
331 | (6) |
|
Rights of the Unborn Child and the Mother |
|
|
332 | (1) |
|
Diminished Maternal Rights: Case Law on Maternal Right to Refuse Cesarean Section |
|
|
333 | (1) |
|
Research on Pregnant Women |
|
|
333 | (1) |
|
|
|
334 | (1) |
|
|
|
334 | (1) |
|
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|
335 | (2) |
|
Chapter 51 Futility of Care |
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|
337 | (4) |
|
Defining Futile Treatment |
|
|
338 | (1) |
|
Self-Determination Versus Futility |
|
|
338 | (1) |
|
|
|
339 | (1) |
|
Using Ethics to Allocate Medical Care |
|
|
340 | (1) |
|
Chapter 52 Advance Directives and End-of-Life Decisions |
|
|
341 | (8) |
|
Durable Power of Attorney for Health Care |
|
|
342 | (1) |
|
|
|
342 | (1) |
|
Advance Directives for Health Care |
|
|
343 | (1) |
|
Psychiatric Advance Directives |
|
|
343 | (1) |
|
Do-Not-Resuscitate (DNR) and Allow-Natural-Death (AND) Orders |
|
|
344 | (1) |
|
Perioperative Setting DNR Orders |
|
|
344 | (1) |
|
|
|
344 | (1) |
|
Termination of Life Support |
|
|
345 | (1) |
|
|
|
346 | (1) |
|
|
|
346 | (3) |
|
Chapter 53 Assisted Suicide |
|
|
349 | (4) |
|
State Interest in Preserving Life |
|
|
349 | (1) |
|
Distinguishing Assisted Suicide from Personal Autonomy |
|
|
350 | (1) |
|
Protection Against Claims |
|
|
350 | (1) |
|
Arguments Against Permitting Physician-Assisted Suicide |
|
|
351 | (1) |
|
|
|
351 | (1) |
|
Conflicting Professional Views |
|
|
352 | (1) |
|
|
|
353 | (5) |
| Appendix A Basic Legal Research |
|
358 | (8) |
|
|
|
How to Read a Legal Citation |
|
|
358 | (2) |
|
|
|
360 | (1) |
|
|
|
361 | (1) |
|
Reading a Case Found Online |
|
|
362 | (4) |
| Glossary of Legal Terms |
|
366 | (6) |
| Case Index |
|
372 | (3) |
| Index |
|
375 | |
