Notes on contributors |
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xiii | |
Preface |
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xxi | |
Introduction |
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xxii | |
Acknowledgements |
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xxxii | |
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1 | |
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Dana Maslovat and Ian M. Franks |
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1.1 Introduction: feedback |
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1.2 The coaching process and its problems |
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3 | |
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1.3 The need for objective information |
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4 | |
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2 WHAT IS PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS? |
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8 | |
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Mike Hughes and Roger Bartlett |
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8 | |
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9 | |
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2.2.2 The applications of notation |
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2.2.2.1 Tactical evaluation |
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2.2.2.2 Technical evaluation |
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2.2.2.3 Movement analysis |
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2.2.2.4 Development of a database and modelling |
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2.2.2.5 Educational applications |
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2.3 Biomechanics — what is the biomechanical view of performance analysis? |
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15 | |
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3 THE PROVISION OF INFORMATION |
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Nicola J. Hodges and Ian M. Franks |
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3.2.3 Additional factors to consider when providing feedback |
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3.3 Demonstrations and instructions |
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3.3.1.1 Providing a reference-of-correctness |
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3.3.1.2 Effective demonstrations |
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3.3.1.3 Conveying a strategy |
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3.3.1.4 Comparing pre-practice methods |
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3.3.2.1 Movement strategies |
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3.3.2.2 Searching for the critical information |
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3.3.2.3 Attentional focus |
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3.3.2.4 Implicit learning/re-investment |
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3.3.3 Overview of instructions and demonstrations |
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37 | |
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4 VIDEO FEEDBACK AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES |
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Dario G. Liebermann and Ian M. Franks |
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40 | |
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4.2 Extrinsic and intrinsic feedback in sports |
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4.3 Visual feedback, video and motor learning |
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4.4 Qualitative feedback and quantification of performance using video-based technologies |
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4.5 Quantitative feedback derived from complex simulations |
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4.6 Watching versus performing movements in three-dimensions: virtual and real environments |
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4.7 Video technology and temporal feedback |
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4.8 Immediacy as a pre-requisite for the effective use of feedback during skill acquisition |
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49 | |
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5 AN OVERVIEW OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF NOTATIONAL ANALYSIS |
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51 | |
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5.2 The development of sport-specific notation systems (hand notation) |
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53 | |
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5.3 Introduction to computerized notational analysis |
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5.4 Some research using computer systems |
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5.5.2.1 Critical incident technique |
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5.5.3 Statistical techniques |
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5.5.4 Artificial Intelligence |
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5.6 Current areas of research and support |
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5.7 Research into the methodology and theory of notational analysis |
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5.8 The future of notational analysis |
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6.3 Levels of analysis – the team, subsidiary units and individuals |
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7 HOW DO WE DESIGN SIMPLE SYSTEMS? HOW TO DEVELOP A NOTATION SYSTEM |
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7.2 Data collection systems |
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7.2.3 Sequential data systems |
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7.3 Data collection systems in general |
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8 EXAMPLES OF NOTATION SYSTEMS |
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8.2.1 A notation system for tennis |
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8.2.1.1 Description of point |
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8.2.1.3 Summary of results |
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8.2.1.4 Discussion and conclusions |
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8.2.2 A notation system for boxing |
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8.2.2.1 Collated data and results |
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8.3.1 A notation system for basketball |
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8.3.1.1 Conclusion and discussion |
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8.3.2 A notation system for soccer |
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8.3.2.5 Adjustments to the system |
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8.3.3 A notation system for netball |
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8.3.3.4 Recording a sequence |
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8.3.4 A motion analysis of work-rate in different positional roles in field hockey |
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8.3.4.3 Devising the method |
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8.3.4.7 Operational definitions |
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8.3.4.12 Recommendations for further research |
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9 ANALYSIS OF NOTATION DATA: RELIABILITY |
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9.2 The nature of the data; the depth of analysis |
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9.2.2 The sequential nature of data |
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9.3 Consistency of percentage difference calculations |
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9.5 Visual interpretation of the data (a modified Bland and Altman plot) |
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10 QUALITATIVE BIOMECHANICAL ANALYSIS OF TECHNIQUE |
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10.2 The phase analysis model and movement principles |
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10.2.1 The phase analysis model |
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10.2.2 Movement principles |
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10.2.2.1 Speed (S) principles |
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10.2.2.2 Force (F) principles |
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10.2.2.3 Coordination (C) principles |
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10.2.2.4 Specific performance (P) principles |
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10.3 An application of the phase analysis model and movement principles |
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10.4 The performance outcome model |
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10.5 An application of the Hay and Reid performance outcome model |
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11 TIME-MOTION ANALYSIS |
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180 | |
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180 | |
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11.2 Time–motion analysis of running events |
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11.3 Time–motion analysis of racket sports |
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191 | |
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11.5 The Bloomfield movement classification |
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201 | |
12 PROBABILITY ANALYSIS OF NOTATED EVENTS IN SPORT CONTESTS: SKILL AND CHANCE |
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12.1.3 Probability: stationarity and independence |
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12.1.4 Taking a random walk in a field of probabilities |
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12.2 Taking a random walk in sports contests: investigation of scoring structure |
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12.3 Taking a random walk in sports contests: investigation of behaviours (shots) and outcomes in squash contests |
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12.3.1 Stochastic processes, shot selections and outcomes in squash contests |
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12.3.2 Computer simulation |
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12.3.3 Identification of optimal decision-making strategies |
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12.3.4 Interactions between the winner–error profiles |
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12.3.5 Interactions between shot–response profiles |
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13 RULE CHANGES IN SPORT AND THE ROLE OF NOTATION |
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13.3 Natural development and progression |
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13.4 Entertainment, commercialization and the media |
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13.5 The role of notational analysis in tracking the effect of rules changes |
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14 PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS IN THE MEDIA |
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14.5 Striking and fielding games |
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15 NOTATIONAL ANALYSIS OF COACHING BEHAVIOUR |
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264 | |
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15.1 Introduction: the coaching process |
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264 | |
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15.2 Notational analysis of coaching behaviour |
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265 | |
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15.2.1 Effective coaching |
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265 | |
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15.2.2 Teaching and coaching behaviour – a historical perspective |
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266 | |
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15.2.3 Systematic observation |
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267 | |
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15.2.4 Systematic observation instruments |
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267 | |
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15.3 Effective coaching behaviours |
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270 | |
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15.3.1 Understanding the data |
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270 | |
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15.3.2 Should comments be skill- or non-skill related? |
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271 | |
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15.3.3 The focus of skill-related comments |
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272 | |
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15.3.4 The timing of skill-related comments |
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273 | |
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15.3.5 The delivery of skill-related comments |
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15.3.6 The emphasis of skill-related comments |
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274 | |
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15.3.7 The case for non-skill-related comments |
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274 | |
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15.4 Modification of coaching behaviour |
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274 | |
Bibliography |
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277 | |
Glossary of terms |
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300 | |
Index |
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302 | |