The Ethical Foundations of Marxism, first published in 1962 and corrected and revised for a 1972 edition, examines carefully and critically the origin, precise nature and subsequent role of Marx’s ethical beliefs. Drawing freely on Marx’s still largely untranslated philosophical works and drafts the author elicits the ethical presuppositions with which Marx began. He then examines the intellectual development that made Marx a Communist and seeks to clarify the place of Marx’s ethic in his mature, ‘materialist’ work. Professor Kamenka distinguishes sharply between the critical, ethical views of Marx and the inept, conventional applications of his doctrine by Engels. He appraises the ‘ethics’ of the Communist Party and traces the development of the moral and legal theory in the Soviet Union. He concludes by subjecting Marxism as a whole to a radical, ethical and philosophical criticism for which Marx himself laid some of the foundations.
Part
1. The Primitive Ethic of Karl Marx1. The Philosophy of the
Concept2. The Free Individual3. The Natural Law of Freedom4. The Truly
Human Society Part
2. Karl Marxs Road to Communism
5. The New Social
Dialectic
6. The Critique of Politics7. The Critique of Economics8.
Communism and the Complete, Unalienated Man Part
3. Critical Resume: Ethics
and the Young Marx
9. Ethics: Positive or Normative?10. The Rejection of
Moralism, of Rights and of Normative Law11. Ethics and the Truly Human
Society Part
4. Ethics and the Mature Marx
12. The New Edifice: Historical
Materialism and the Rejection of Philosophy13. The Materialist
Interpretation of History and Marxs Critique of Moralities14. Historical
Materialism and the Overcoming of Alienation Part
5. Communism and Ethics
15.
Ethics and the Communist Party16. Law and Morality in Soviet Society.
Conclusions. Ethics and the Foundations of Marxism.
Kamenka, Eugene