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Euclidean Geometry in Mathematical Olympiads [Pehme köide]

(Massachusetts Institute of Technology)
  • Formaat: Paperback / softback, 311 pages, kõrgus x laius x paksus: 254x177x17 mm, kaal: 591 g, illustrations
  • Sari: Problem Books
  • Ilmumisaeg: 30-Dec-2016
  • Kirjastus: Mathematical Association of America
  • ISBN-10: 0883858398
  • ISBN-13: 9780883858394
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  • Pehme köide
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  • Formaat: Paperback / softback, 311 pages, kõrgus x laius x paksus: 254x177x17 mm, kaal: 591 g, illustrations
  • Sari: Problem Books
  • Ilmumisaeg: 30-Dec-2016
  • Kirjastus: Mathematical Association of America
  • ISBN-10: 0883858398
  • ISBN-13: 9780883858394
Teised raamatud teemal:
This is a challenging problem-solving book in Euclidean geometry, assuming nothing of the reader other than a good deal of courage. Topics covered included cyclic quadrilaterals, power of a point, homothety, triangle centers; along the way the reader will meet such classical gems as the nine-point circle, the Simson line, the symmedian and the mixtilinear incircle, as well as the theorems of Euler, Ceva, Menelaus, and Pascal. Another part is dedicated to the use of complex numbers and barycentric coordinates, granting the reader both a traditional and computational viewpoint of the material. The final part consists of some more advanced topics, such as inversion in the plane, the cross ratio and projective transformations, and the theory of the complete quadrilateral.

The exposition is friendly and relaxed, and accompanied by over 300 beautifully drawn figures. The emphasis of this book is placed squarely on the problems. Each chapter contains carefully chosen worked examples, which explain not only the solutions to the problems but also describe in close detail how one would invent the solution to begin with. The text contains a selection of 300 practice problems of varying difficulty from contests around the world, with extensive hints and selected solutions.

This book is especially suitable for students preparing for national or international mathematical olympiads or for teachers looking for a text for an honor class.

Arvustused

A good understanding of high school geometry, and a fondness for solving problems, should be sufficient background for this book. students preparing for mathematics competitions, and their faculty coaches, should find this book very valuable." Mark Hunacek, MAA Reviews

Muu info

A problem-solving book on Euclidean geometry, providing carefully chosen worked examples and over 300 practice problems from contests around the world.
Preface xi
Preliminaries xiii
0.1 The Structure of This Book xiii
0.2 Centers of a Triangle xiv
0.3 Other Notations and Conventions xv
I Fundamentals
1(72)
1 Angle Chasing
3(20)
1.1 Triangles and Circles
3(3)
1.2 Cyclic Quadrilaterals
6(1)
1.3 The Orthic Triangle
7(2)
1.4 The Incenter/Excenter Lemma
9(2)
1.5 Directed Angles
11(4)
1.6 Tangents to Circles and Phantom Points
15(1)
1.7 Solving a Problem from the IMO Shortlist
16(2)
1.8 Problems
18(5)
2 Circles
23(20)
2.1 Orientations of Similar Triangles
23(1)
2.2 Power of a Point
24(2)
2.3 The Radical Axis and Radical Center
26(4)
2.4 Coaxial Circles
30(1)
2.5 Revisiting Tangents: The Incenter
31(1)
2.6 The Excircles
32(2)
2.7 Example Problems
34(5)
2.8 Problems
39(4)
3 Lengths and Ratios
43(16)
3.1 The Extended Law of Sines
43(1)
3.2 Ceva's Theorem
44(2)
3.3 Directed Lengths and Menelaus's Theorem
46(2)
3.4 The Centroid and the Medial Triangle
48(1)
3.5 Homothety and the Nine-Point Circle
49(2)
3.6 Example Problems
51(5)
3.7 Problems
56(3)
4 Assorted Configurations
59(14)
4.1 Simson Lines Revisited
59(1)
4.2 Incircles and Excircles
60(2)
4.3 Midpoints of Altitudes
62(1)
4.4 Even More Incircle and Incenter Configurations
63(1)
4.5 Isogonal and Isotomic Conjugates
63(1)
4.6 Symmedians
64(2)
4.7 Circles Inscribed in Segments
66(2)
4.8 Mixtilinear Incircles
68(2)
4.9 Problems
70(3)
II Analytic Techniques
73(74)
5 Computational Geometry
75(20)
5.1 Cartesian Coordinates
75(2)
5.2 Areas
77(2)
5.3 Trigonometry
79(2)
5.4 Ptolemy's Theorem
81(3)
5.5 Example Problems
84(7)
5.6 Problems
91(4)
6 Complex Numbers
95(24)
6.1 What is a Complex Number?
95(1)
6.2 Adding and Multiplying Complex Numbers
96(3)
6.3 Collinearity and Perpendicularity
99(1)
6.4 The Unit Circle
100(3)
6.5 Useful Formulas
103(3)
6.6 Complex Incenter and Circumcenter
106(2)
6.7 Example Problems
108(7)
6.8 When (Not) to use Complex Numbers
115(1)
6.9 Problems
115(4)
7 Barycentric Coordinates
119(28)
7.1 Definitions and First Theorems
119(3)
7.2 Centers of the Triangle
122(1)
7.3 Collinearity, Concurrence, and Points at Infinity
123(3)
7.4 Displacement Vectors
126(3)
7.5 A Demonstration from the IMO Shortlist
129(3)
7.6 Conway's Notations
132(1)
7.7 Displacement Vectors, Continued
133(2)
7.8 More Examples
135(7)
7.9 When (Not) to Use Barycentric Coordinates
142(1)
7.10 Problems
143(4)
III Farther from Kansas
147(66)
8 Inversion
149(20)
8.1 Circles are Lines
149(2)
8.2 Where Do Clines Go?
151(3)
8.3 An Example from the USAMO
154(2)
8.4 Overlays and Orthogonal Circles
156(3)
8.5 More Overlays
159(1)
8.6 The Inversion Distance Formula
160(1)
8.7 More Example Problems
160(5)
8.8 When to Invert
165(1)
8.9 Problems
165(4)
9 Projective Geometry
169(26)
9.1 Completing the Plane
169(1)
9.2 Cross Ratios
170(3)
9.3 Harmonic Bundles
173(3)
9.4 Apollonian Circles
176(2)
9.5 Poles/Polars and Brocard's Theorem
178(3)
9.6 Pascal's Theorem
181(2)
9.7 Projective Transformations
183(2)
9.8 Examples
185(5)
9.9 Problems
190(5)
10 Complete Quadrilaterals
195(14)
10.1 Spiral Similarity
196(2)
10.2 Miquel's Theorem
198(1)
10.3 The Gauss-Bodenmiller Theorem
198(2)
10.4 More Properties of General Miquel Points
200(1)
10.5 Miquel Points of Cyclic Quadrilaterals
201(1)
10.6 Example Problems
202(3)
10.7 Problems
205(4)
11 Personal Favorites
209(4)
IV Appendices
213(2)
Appendix A An Ounce of Linear Algebra
215(6)
A.1 Matrices and Determinants
215(2)
A.2 Cramer's Rule
217(1)
A.3 Vectors and the Dot Product
217(4)
Appendix B Hints
221(20)
Appendix C Selected Solutions
241(62)
C.1 Solutions to
Chapters 1--4
241(10)
C.2 Solutions to
Chapters 5--7
251(21)
C.3 Solutions to
Chapters 8--10
272(11)
C.4 Solutions to
Chapter 11
283(20)
Appendix D List of Contests and Abbreviations
303(2)
Bibliography 305(2)
Index 307(4)
About the Author 311
Evan Chen is currently an undergraduate studying at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He won the 2014 USA Mathematical Olympiad, earned a gold medal at the IMO 2014 for Taiwan, and acts as a Problem Czar for the Harvard-MIT Mathematics Tournament.