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European Witch-Hunt [Kõva köide]

(University of Edinburgh, UK)
  • Formaat: Hardback, 430 pages, kõrgus x laius: 234x156 mm, kaal: 771 g, 15 Illustrations, black and white
  • Ilmumisaeg: 26-May-2016
  • Kirjastus: Routledge
  • ISBN-10: 0415254523
  • ISBN-13: 9780415254526
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  • Formaat: Hardback, 430 pages, kõrgus x laius: 234x156 mm, kaal: 771 g, 15 Illustrations, black and white
  • Ilmumisaeg: 26-May-2016
  • Kirjastus: Routledge
  • ISBN-10: 0415254523
  • ISBN-13: 9780415254526
Teised raamatud teemal:
The European Witch-Hunt seeks to explain why thousands of people, mostly lower-class women, were deliberately tortured and killed in the name of religion and morality during three centuries of intermittent witch-hunting throughout Europe and North America.

Combining perspectives from history, sociology, psychology and other disciplines, this book provides a comprehensive account of witch-hunting in early modern Europe. Julian Goodare sets out an original interpretation of witch-hunting as an episode of ideologically-driven persecution by the godly state in the era of the Reformation and Counter-Reformation. Full weight is also given to the context of village social relationships, and there is a detailed analysis of gender issues. Witch-hunting was a legal operation, and the courts rationale for interrogation under torture is explained. Panicking local elites, rather than central governments, were at the forefront of witch-hunting. Further chapters explore folk beliefs about legendary witches, and intellectuals beliefs about a secret conspiracy of witches in league with the Devil. Witch-hunting eventually declined when the ideological pressure to combat the Devils allies slackened. A final chapter sets witch-hunting in the context of other episodes of modern persecution.

This book is the ideal resource for students exploring the history of witch-hunting. Its level of detail and use of social theory also make it important for scholars and researchers.

Arvustused

"This is a wonderful work, with real pace, clarity and sparkle which combines excellent scholarship with a full recognition of the emotive quality of the material. It will exactly suit the intelligent, enquiring and thoughtful among students and general readers, and be of real interest and value to scholars." Ronald E. Hutton, University of Bristol, UK

"This book excellently presents the different layers of meaning of witchcraft and witch trials all over Europe. Julian Goodare combines a sublime understanding of the topic with a personal interpretation in writing about one of the greatest enigmas in history: What was a witch and why were witches persecuted by their neighbors as well as by the state? The book provides a most fruitful resource for students and scholars in presenting new research and new perspectives on the history of witchcraft." Rita Voltmer, University of Trier, Germany

"Julian Goodare's The European Witch-Hunt is a valuable addition to the study of early modern witchcraft and witch-hunting. Goodare devotes extra attention to explaining the mentalities, both illiterate and erudite, that converged to create the stereotype of the witch. His explanations of recurrent themes in ideas about witchcraft will be particularly helpful to students and prepares them for a better understanding of primary texts and more specialized secondary studies." Walter Stephens, John Hopkins University, USA

In this illuminating book, Goodare (Univ. of Edinburgh, Scotland) explores the subjects of witches and witch-hunts in early modern Europe, 14001750, maintaining that these years rather than the Middle Ages were the "witch years." He makes it clear that "although everyone feared witches, they did not all fear them in the same way" and offers readers a linked, fourfold concept of witchcraft to support this view An excellent bibliography, a map, charts, and a helpful appendix accompany the book, which complements studies by Brian Levack, The Witch-Hunt in Early Modern Europe (CH, Sep'87; 4th ed. 2016); Robin Briggs, Witches & Neighbors (1996); and Lyndal Roper, Witch Craze (CH, Nov'05, 43-1819)." L. B. Gimelli, Eastern Michigan University "This is a wonderful work, with real pace, clarity and sparkle which combines excellent scholarship with a full recognition of the emotive quality of the material. It will exactly suit the intelligent, enquiring and thoughtful among students and general readers, and be of real interest and value to scholars." Ronald E. Hutton, University of Bristol, UK





"This book excellently presents the different layers of meaning of witchcraft and witch trials all over Europe. Julian Goodare combines a sublime understanding of the topic with a personal interpretation in writing about one of the greatest enigmas in history: What was a witch and why were witches persecuted by their neighbors as well as by the state? The book provides a most fruitful resource for students and scholars in presenting new research and new perspectives on the history of witchcraft." Rita Voltmer, University of Trier, Germany

Diagrams and illustrations xiii
Preface xv
Acknowledgements xix
Conventions and abbreviations xxi
Introduction: The witch-hunt and you
1(1)
Why the witch-hunt matters
1(1)
Understanding believers in witchcraft
1(2)
Where I stand
3(3)
How do we know about witch-hunting?
6(3)
1 Witchcraft! 9(22)
Introduction
9(1)
The fourfold concept of witchcraft
9(5)
Identifying witches
14(5)
A world of religion and magic
19(3)
Witchcraft and 'superstitious magic'
22(2)
Elite and popular beliefs
24(2)
Understanding 'witch-hunting'
26(1)
The scale of the European witch-hunt
27(3)
Conclusion: Causes of witch-hunting
30(1)
2 Towards witch-hunting 31(24)
Introduction
31(1)
The growth of the idea of persecution
32(3)
Prosecutions before the witch-hunt
35(1)
Political magic in the fourteenth century
36(3)
Towards a new crime of 'witchcraft', c.1400-1435
39(3)
The 'new sect' of witches, c.1435-1485
42(6)
The Malleus Maleficarum (1486) and village witchcraft
48(2)
Conclusion: Witchcraft beliefs come together, 1486-1500
50(5)
3 Witchcraft and the intellectuals 55(33)
Introduction
55(1)
The cosmos and the cosmic story
55(3)
Sources of elite witch-beliefs
58(2)
Natural, supernatural and preternatural
60(3)
Natural and demonic magic
63(1)
Distorted echoes of popular belief
64(1)
Witchcraft as a 'cumulative concept'
65(2)
Medieval foundations: The Devil
67(4)
Early developments: The debate on witches' flight, 1440-1580
71(2)
Later developments: The revival of the sabbat, 1580-1612
73(3)
The elaborated concept of witchcraft
76(3)
Varieties of scepticism
79(4)
Genres of demonology
83(2)
Conclusion: From demonology to witch-hunting
85(3)
4 Witches in the community 88(33)
Introduction
88(1)
Trust and distrust
88(3)
Identifying a witch
91(1)
Forming a witchcraft reputation: A five-stage model
92(2)
Quarrels and grievances
94(2)
Linking a misfortune to witchcraft
96(3)
Spells and curses
99(4)
Heightening suspicion
103(1)
Instant reputation
104(2)
The search for reconciliation
106(4)
Living with a witch
110(3)
Denouncing a witch to the authorities
113(4)
Conclusion: Neighbourhood quarrels in context
117(4)
5 Witchcraft and folk belief 121(34)
Introduction
121(1)
The peasant world-view
121(5)
Popular Christianity
126(2)
How folktales structured witchcraft stories
128(2)
Non-human inhabitants of the popular universe
130(3)
Witches in legends and folktales
133(3)
Flying and shape-shifting
136(4)
Shamanistic visionaries and cults
140(5)
Hallucinogenic drugs?
145(1)
Psychological conditions and the 'nightmare experience'
145(5)
Conclusion: Popular beliefs about 'witchcraft'
150(5)
6 Witches and the godly state 155(34)
Introduction
155(1)
The rise of the early modern state
156(1)
The Reformation and Counter-Reformation
157(2)
The divine ruler and the Devil
159(3)
Demonology and the Reformation: Consensus and controversy
162(1)
The godly state and godly discipline
163(2)
The withdrawal of magical services
165(1)
The 'huge mass' of ungodliness revealed
166(1)
The programme of godly discipline unfolds
167(3)
Witch-hunting and other persecutions
170(1)
Religious wars
171(2)
Witch-hunting, colonies and ethnicity
173(3)
Types of state and intensity of witch-hunting
176(6)
Critics and limitations of the godly state
182(1)
Conclusion: Witch-hunting and state formation
183(6)
7 Witches in court 189(36)
Introduction
189(1)
Laws on witchcraft
190(1)
Courts that tried witches
191(1)
State formation and legal developments
192(1)
Initiating prosecutions
193(1)
Deciding on guilt or innocence
194(2)
What happened in court
196(1)
Evidence of guilt
197(5)
Torture
202(6)
Constructing and negotiating confessions
208(1)
Explaining confessions
209(4)
Credibility of confessions
213(3)
Costs and profits
216(1)
Executions
217(3)
Conclusion: A miscarriage of justice?
220(5)
8 The dynamics of witch-hunting 225(42)
Introduction
225(1)
A political model of witchcraft prosecutions
226(3)
Witchcraft panics
229(4)
The scale of panics
233(2)
What did people do when they panicked?
235(1)
Chain-reaction witch-hunts
236(2)
Panics and high politics
238(2)
Neighbourhood panics
240(1)
Economic stresses and witch-hunting
241(3)
Dynamics of panics
244(2)
Witch-hunters
246(3)
Witch-hunting from above or below?
249(4)
Witch-hunting and negotiations of power
253(6)
Ending a panic
259(1)
The witch-hunting experience
260(2)
Conclusion: Social attitudes towards witch-hunting
262(5)
9 Women, men and witchcraft 267(50)
Introduction
267(1)
A female majority and a male minority
267(2)
Patriarchy
269(1)
Misogyny and stereotyping
270(3)
Stereotypes of female witches
273(4)
Stereotypes of male witches
277(4)
Scapegoating and deviance
281(2)
The godly state and gendered offences
283(2)
Women, men and magical practice
285(3)
Gendered patterns of accusation
288(3)
Men as secondary targets
291(1)
Children: Victims and victim-witches
292(3)
Gendered images of witchcraft
295(3)
Sex with the Devil
298(6)
Malefices related to sex
304(2)
Demonic possession
306(1)
Witchcraft and gender-related trauma
307(2)
Conclusion: Connecting witches and women
309(8)
10 The end of witch-hunting 317(43)
Introduction
317(1)
Patterns of decline
318(4)
Judicial caution
322(6)
The decline of torture and the death penalty
328(1)
The decline of the godly state
329(6)
The Scientific Revolution
335(4)
Demonology in a sceptical age
339(4)
Open attacks on demonology
343(2)
Witchcraft as fiction
345(2)
Shifting views of witches' malefice
347(2)
Continuing prosecutions for superstitious magic
349(1)
Village witchcraft after witch-hunting
350(2)
Conclusion: How witch-hunting became unnecessary
352(8)
11 Perspectives on the witch-hunt 360(37)
Introduction
360(1)
The witch-hunt as 'European'
361(2)
Perspectives from the liberal tradition
363(3)
Perspectives from the romantic tradition
366(4)
Perspectives from anthropology
370(2)
Perspectives from psychology
372(3)
Global perspectives
375(7)
Modern Western images of witches
382(5)
Conclusion: Power, persecution and the lessons of the witch-hunt
387(10)
Further reading 397(13)
Appendix: Intensity of witch-hunting in Europe 410(4)
Index 414
Julian Goodare is Reader in History at the University of Edinburgh. His previous books include The Government of Scotland, 15601625 (2004), and (as editor) Scottish Witches and Witch-Hunters (2013). He is Director of the online Survey of Scottish Witchcraft.