| Preface |
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xiii | |
| Contributors |
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xv | |
| 1 Preventive Cardiology: Risk Factors for Coronary Artery Disease and Primary and Secondary Prevention Trials |
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1 | (93) |
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Cholesterol, Lipids, and Diet |
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1 | (7) |
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1 | (5) |
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National Cholesterol Education Program Guidelines |
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6 | (1) |
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6 | (1) |
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7 | (1) |
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8 | (7) |
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Bile Resins (e.g., Cholestyramine, Colestipol) |
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8 | (1) |
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Fibric Acid Derivatives (e.g., Gemfibrozil, Fenofibrate) |
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9 | (1) |
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Cholesterol Absorption Inhibitors |
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9 | (1) |
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3-Hydrozy-3-Methylglutaryl-Coenzyme A Reductase Inhibitors (Statins) |
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10 | (4) |
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Primary Prevention Trials |
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11 | (1) |
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Secondary Prevention Trials |
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12 | (1) |
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Combined Primary and Secondary Prevention Trials |
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13 | (1) |
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Early Statin Initiation Trials |
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13 | (1) |
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14 | (1) |
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14 | (1) |
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15 | (1) |
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15 | (2) |
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17 | (1) |
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17 | (4) |
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17 | (1) |
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18 | (1) |
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Diagnosis, Joint National Committee 7 Classification |
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18 | (1) |
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18 | (5) |
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18 | (1) |
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18 | (1) |
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21 | (1) |
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21 | (1) |
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Sedentary Lifestyle And Exercise |
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22 | (1) |
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Nonmodifiable Risk Factors |
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23 | (1) |
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23 | (1) |
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23 | (1) |
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23 | (1) |
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23 | (1) |
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Hormonal Status And Hormonal Therapy |
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24 | (1) |
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25 | (2) |
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Other Potential Risk Factors |
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27 | (2) |
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27 | (1) |
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Lipoprotein-associated Phospholipase A2 |
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27 | (1) |
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28 | (1) |
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28 | (1) |
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Antiplatelet Drugs For Primary And Secondary Prevention |
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29 | (3) |
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29 | (1) |
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Primary Prevention Trials |
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29 | (1) |
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Secondary Prevention Trials |
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30 | (1) |
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30 | (2) |
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32 | (62) |
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32 | |
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Lipids, Cholesterol, and Diet |
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31 | (18) |
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Review Articles and Meta-analyses |
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33 | (1) |
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34 | (1) |
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35 | (4) |
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39 | (4) |
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Combined Primary and Secondary Prevention Trials |
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43 | (2) |
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Early Statin Initiation Trials |
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45 | (1) |
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46 | (1) |
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47 | (1) |
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48 | (1) |
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49 | (1) |
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49 | (2) |
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49 | (2) |
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51 | (3) |
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Diabetes and Metabolic Syndrome |
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54 | (4) |
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54 | (1) |
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55 | (3) |
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58 | (2) |
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60 | (12) |
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Review Articles/Miscellaneous |
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60 | (1) |
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Epidemiology and Risk Factors |
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60 | (2) |
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62 | (1) |
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62 | (10) |
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72 | (2) |
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74 | (2) |
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Nonmudifiable Risk Factors |
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76 | (1) |
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76 | (1) |
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Hormone Status and Hormonal Replacement |
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77 | (3) |
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80 | (3) |
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83 | (6) |
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83 | (3) |
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Lipoprotein-acaciased Phospholipute A2(Lp-PLA2) |
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86 | (1) |
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87 | (1) |
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87 | (2) |
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Antiplatelet Drugs for Primary and Secondary Prevention |
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89 | (3) |
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Review Articles and Meta-analyses |
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89 | (1) |
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90 | (2) |
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Angiotensin-converting Enzyme Inhibition for Primary and Secondary Prevention |
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92 | (2) |
| 2 Invasive Procedures and Revascularization |
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94 | (102) |
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94 | (1) |
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94 | (1) |
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94 | (1) |
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95 | (1) |
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Percutaneous Coronary Intervention |
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95 | (23) |
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95 | (1) |
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Operator and Hospital Volume |
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96 | (1) |
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96 | (4) |
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96 | (1) |
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97 | (1) |
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97 | (2) |
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99 | (1) |
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100 | (1) |
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100 | (7) |
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100 | (1) |
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101 | (1) |
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Low-molecular-weight Heparin |
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101 | (1) |
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Direct Thrombin Inhibitors |
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101 | (1) |
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Thienopyridines/ADP Receptor Antagonists |
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102 | (3) |
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Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa Inhibotors |
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105 | (2) |
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107 | (3) |
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107 | (1) |
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Unstable Angina/Non-ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction |
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108 | (1) |
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Acute ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction |
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108 | (1) |
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After Thrombolytic Therapy |
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108 | (1) |
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Stenting versus Percutaneous Thransluminal Coronary Angioplasty: Major Trials |
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108 | (1) |
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Direct Stenting versus Balloon Predilatation |
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109 | (1) |
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109 | (1) |
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110 | (3) |
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110 | (1) |
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In Hospital and After Discharge |
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111 | (2) |
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Treatment and Prevention of Restenosis |
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113 | (5) |
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113 | (1) |
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113 | (1) |
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114 | (3) |
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117 | (1) |
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117 | (1) |
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118 | (1) |
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118 | (1) |
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118 | (1) |
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Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery |
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119 | (3) |
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119 | (1) |
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119 | (1) |
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Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery versus Medical Therapy |
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119 | (1) |
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Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery versus Percutaneous Coronary Intervention |
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120 | (2) |
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122 | (74) |
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Guidelines and Classification Articles |
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122 | (2) |
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Relation of Operator and Hospital Volume to Outcomes |
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124 | (2) |
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126 | (1) |
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126 | (2) |
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Lesion Evaluation (Fractional Flow Reserve, Intravascular Ultrasound) |
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128 | (2) |
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Comparison of Revascularization with Medical Therapy |
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130 | (2) |
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132 | (4) |
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Stenting Compared with PICA |
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132 | (2) |
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134 | (2) |
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136 | (1) |
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Bare-metal Stent versus Stent Studies |
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136 | (1) |
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137 | (4) |
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137 | (1) |
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138 | (2) |
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140 | (1) |
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Adjunctive Pharmacologic Therapy |
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141 | (15) |
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141 | (1) |
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142 | (1) |
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Low-molecular-weight Heparin |
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142 | (1) |
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143 | (7) |
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Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa Inhibitors |
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150 | (5) |
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155 | (1) |
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Directional Atherectomy Studies |
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156 | (2) |
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Rotational Atherectomy Studies |
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158 | (1) |
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159 | (5) |
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159 | (1) |
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Saphenous Vein Graft Lesions |
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160 | (2) |
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162 | (1) |
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163 | (1) |
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164 | (5) |
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Pastintervention CK/CK-MB and Troponin Studies |
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164 | (2) |
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166 | (1) |
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167 | (2) |
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169 | (16) |
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Review Articles and Miscellaneous |
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169 | (1) |
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Repeated Percutaneous Coronary Intervention for Restenosis after Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angiography |
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169 | (2) |
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Effect of Stent Design (Strut Thickness) |
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171 | (1) |
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171 | (5) |
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176 | (4) |
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180 | (5) |
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185 | (11) |
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Review Articles, Meta-analyses |
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185 | (1) |
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186 | (10) |
| 3 Unstable Angina/Non-ST Elevation MI |
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196 | (48) |
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196 | (1) |
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196 | (1) |
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196 | (2) |
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196 | (2) |
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Non-ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction |
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198 | (1) |
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Clinical And Laboratory Findings |
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198 | (14) |
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198 | (1) |
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198 | (1) |
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198 | (2) |
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Creatine Kinase and Creatine Kinase-MB |
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198 | (1) |
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199 | (1) |
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199 | (1) |
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Estimation of Early Risk at Presentation |
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199 | (1) |
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200 | (9) |
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200 | (1) |
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Thienopyridines/ADP Receptor Antagonists |
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201 | (1) |
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201 | (1) |
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Low-molecular-weight Heparins |
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202 | (1) |
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Direct Thrombin Inhibitors |
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203 | (3) |
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Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors |
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206 | (1) |
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206 | (1) |
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Anti-ischemic Medications |
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206 | (2) |
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208 | (1) |
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209 | (1) |
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209 | (1) |
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Exercise Treadmill Testing with Nuclear Imaging |
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210 | (1) |
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Pharmacologic Stress Testing with Imaging |
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210 | (1) |
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210 | (1) |
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Coronary Computerized Tomography Angiography |
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210 | (1) |
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210 | (2) |
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210 | (1) |
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Non-ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction |
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210 | (1) |
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Prior Aspirin Use (Aspirin Failures) |
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211 | (1) |
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211 | (1) |
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211 | (1) |
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211 | (1) |
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B-type Natriuretic Peptide |
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211 | (1) |
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212 | (32) |
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Review Articles and Pathophysiology |
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212 | (1) |
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213 | (18) |
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213 | (1) |
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214 | (2) |
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Unfractionated Heparin and Warfarin |
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216 | (1) |
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Low-molecular-weight Heparin |
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217 | (4) |
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β'-Blockers, Calcium Antagonists, and Nitrates |
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221 | (556) |
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Direct Thrombin Inhibitors |
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777 | |
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Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa Inhibitors |
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224 | (5) |
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229 | (2) |
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Invasive versus Conservative Management |
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231 | (4) |
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235 | (1) |
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235 | (4) |
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Clinical or General Analysis |
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235 | (4) |
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239 | (5) |
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Review Articles and Multimarker Studies |
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239 | (1) |
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239 | (2) |
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241 | (1) |
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B-type Natrirartic Peptide |
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242 | (1) |
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Specific Tests: Angiographys ECG, and Holter |
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243 | (1) |
| 4 ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction |
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244 | (109) |
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244 | (1) |
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244 | (1) |
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244 | (2) |
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245 | (1) |
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245 | (1) |
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245 | (1) |
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245 | (1) |
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246 | (18) |
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246 | (1) |
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246 | (1) |
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247 | (1) |
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Angiotensin-converting Enzyme Inhibitors |
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248 | (1) |
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249 | (5) |
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Indications for Thrombolysis |
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250 | (1) |
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251 | (1) |
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251 | (2) |
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253 | (1) |
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Percutaneous Coronary Intervention |
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254 | (5) |
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254 | (4) |
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258 | (1) |
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Antithrombotic/Antiplatelet Agents |
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259 | (4) |
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259 | (1) |
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259 | (1) |
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259 | (1) |
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Direct Thrombin Inhibitors |
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260 | (1) |
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260 | (1) |
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Intravenously Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa Inhibitors |
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261 | (2) |
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263 | (1) |
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263 | (1) |
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263 | (1) |
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264 | (1) |
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264 | (1) |
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Glucase-Insulin-Potassium |
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264 | (1) |
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264 | (1) |
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264 | (1) |
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265 | (1) |
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265 | (1) |
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265 | (1) |
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265 | (1) |
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Intra-aortic Balloon Pump |
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265 | (1) |
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Emergency Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery |
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265 | (1) |
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265 | (1) |
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Right Ventricular Infarction |
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265 | (1) |
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266 | (1) |
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266 | (1) |
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266 | (1) |
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266 | (2) |
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266 | (1) |
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267 | (1) |
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268 | (1) |
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Prognosis And Risk Stratification After Myocardial Infarction |
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268 | (3) |
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270 | (1) |
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271 | (1) |
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271 | (1) |
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271 | (82) |
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General Review Articles and Guidelines |
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271 | (1) |
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272 | (4) |
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272 | (1) |
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273 | (1) |
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273 | (2) |
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Emergency Department Evaluation |
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275 | (1) |
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276 | (1) |
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276 | (1) |
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276 | (59) |
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276 | (1) |
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277 | (1) |
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278 | (1) |
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Low-molecular-weight Heparins |
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278 | (3) |
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281 | (1) |
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Direct Thrombin Inhibitors |
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281 | (2) |
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283 | (3) |
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Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa Inhibitors |
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286 | (4) |
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290 | (2) |
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292 | (4) |
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296 | (9) |
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Percutaneous Coronary Intervention |
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305 | (16) |
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Angiotensin-converting Enzyme Inhibitors with or without Nitrates |
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321 | (4) |
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325 | (1) |
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326 | (2) |
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328 | (1) |
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328 | (3) |
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Intra-aortic Balloon Pump |
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331 | (2) |
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333 | (2) |
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335 | (3) |
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Anterior Myocardial Infarction |
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335 | (1) |
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Inferior Myocardial Infarction |
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335 | (1) |
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Right Ventricular Infarction |
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336 | (1) |
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Posterior Myocardial Infarction |
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337 | (1) |
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Cocaine-associated Myocardial Infarction |
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337 | (1) |
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Non-Q Wave/Non-57 Elevation Myocardial Infarction |
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338 | (1) |
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338 | (9) |
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General Review Articles/Miscellaneous |
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338 | (1) |
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Electrocardiography, Arrhythmia; and Conduction System |
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339 | (2) |
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341 | (1) |
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Echocardiography and Other Noninvasive Tests |
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341 | (1) |
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342 | (2) |
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344 | (2) |
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346 | (1) |
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Complications of Myocardial Infarction |
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347 | (10) |
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Arrhythmias, Bundle Branch Block |
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347 | (1) |
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348 | (1) |
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Cardiogenic Shock and Congestive Heart Failure |
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349 | (1) |
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Introaanial Hemorrhage in Thrombolysis |
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349 | (1) |
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Reocculusion, Recurrent Ischernia, and Reinfarction |
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350 | (1) |
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351 | (1) |
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Valvular Damage and Septal Defects |
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352 | (1) |
| 5 Heart Failure |
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353 | (48) |
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353 | (2) |
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History And Physical Examination |
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355 | (1) |
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355 | (1) |
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356 | (1) |
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357 | (13) |
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357 | (1) |
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358 | (13) |
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Angiotensin-converting Enzyme Inhibitors |
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358 | (2) |
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Angiotensin II-Receptor Antagonists |
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360 | (1) |
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Dual RAS Blockade (ACE/ARB) |
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361 | (1) |
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362 | (1) |
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362 | (1) |
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363 | (1) |
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363 | (1) |
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364 | (1) |
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365 | (1) |
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366 | (1) |
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366 | (1) |
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367 | (1) |
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367 | (2) |
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369 | (1) |
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370 | (1) |
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370 | (1) |
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371 | (1) |
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371 | (1) |
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371 | (30) |
|
Guidelines, Miscellaneous |
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371 | (2) |
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373 | (1) |
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374 | (4) |
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374 | (1) |
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375 | (1) |
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375 | (3) |
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378 | (1) |
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378 | (22) |
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Angioteruin-converting Enzyme Inhibitors and Angiotensin II Inhibitors |
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|
378 | (3) |
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381 | (3) |
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384 | (1) |
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|
|
385 | (3) |
|
|
|
388 | (6) |
|
|
|
394 | (1) |
|
Inotropk and Other Agents |
|
|
395 | (2) |
|
Mechanical Assist Devices and Surgical Options |
|
|
397 | (2) |
|
|
|
399 | (1) |
|
|
|
399 | (1) |
|
|
|
400 | (1) |
| 6 Arrhythmias |
|
401 | (60) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
401 | (15) |
|
|
|
401 | (1) |
|
|
|
401 | (1) |
|
Etiologies and Risk Factors |
|
|
402 | (1) |
|
|
|
402 | (1) |
|
|
|
403 | (13) |
|
Rate versus Rhythm Control |
|
|
403 | (1) |
|
Pharmacologic Agents for Control of the Vermicular Rate |
|
|
404 | (1) |
|
Pharmacologic Agents for the Acute Conversion of Atrial Fibrillation |
|
|
405 | (4) |
|
Pharmacologic Agents for Long-term Maintenance of Sinus Rhythm |
|
|
409 | (2) |
|
Catheter and Surgical Ablation |
|
|
411 | (1) |
|
|
|
412 | (1) |
|
Long-term Anticoagulation |
|
|
413 | (2) |
|
Investigational Anticoagulants |
|
|
415 | (1) |
|
|
|
415 | (1) |
|
Atrial Fibrillation Prevention After Cardiac Surgery |
|
|
416 | (1) |
|
|
|
416 | (6) |
|
Immediate Therapy: Automated External Defibrillators |
|
|
416 | (1) |
|
Immediate Therapy: Intravenous Amiodarone |
|
|
417 | (1) |
|
Secondary-prevention Trials: Drugs versus Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillators |
|
|
417 | (3) |
|
Primary-prevention Trials: Antiarrhythmic Drugs |
|
|
420 | (1) |
|
Primary-prevention Trials: Drugs versus Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillators |
|
|
420 | (1) |
|
Primary-prevention Trials: Nonischemic Cardiomyopathy Patients |
|
|
421 | (1) |
|
|
|
422 | (2) |
|
Pacemaker Mode Selection Trials |
|
|
422 | (1) |
|
Pacing for Vasovagal Syncope |
|
|
422 | (1) |
|
Pacing for Prevention of Atrial Fibrillation |
|
|
423 | |
|
Resynchronization Therapy for Congestive Heart Failure |
|
|
421 | (3) |
|
|
|
424 | (37) |
|
|
|
424 | (12) |
|
|
|
425 | (1) |
|
Rate versus Rhythm Control |
|
|
426 | (1) |
|
Antiarrhythmic Drug Trials for Atrial Fibrillation |
|
|
427 | (9) |
|
Catheter and Surgical Ablation |
|
|
436 | (8) |
|
|
|
436 | (1) |
|
|
|
437 | (1) |
|
Electrical Cardioversion and Pericardioversion Anticoagulation |
|
|
438 | (2) |
|
Long-term Anticoagulation Studies |
|
|
440 | (4) |
|
Investigational Anticoagulants |
|
|
444 | (1) |
|
Atrial Fibrillation Prevention After Surgery |
|
|
445 | (1) |
|
|
|
445 | (8) |
|
Immediate Therapy: Automated External Defibrillators |
|
|
445 | (1) |
|
Immediate Therapy: Intravenous Amiodarone |
|
|
446 | (1) |
|
Secondary-prevention Trials: Drugs versus Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillators |
|
|
447 | (1) |
|
Primary-prevention Trials: Antiarrhythmic Drugs |
|
|
448 | (1) |
|
Primary-prevention Trials: Drugs versus Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillators |
|
|
449 | (3) |
|
Primary-prevention Trials: Nonischemic Cardiomyopathy Patients |
|
|
452 | (1) |
|
|
|
453 | (8) |
|
|
|
453 | (1) |
|
|
|
453 | (2) |
|
Pacing for Vasovagal Syncope |
|
|
455 | (1) |
|
Pacing for Prevention of Atrial Fibrillation |
|
|
456 | (1) |
|
Resynchronization Therapy for Congestive Heart Failure |
|
|
457 | (4) |
| Index |
|
461 | |
