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Evidence-based Clinical Chinese Medicine - Volume 27: Overweight And Obesity In Adults [Kõva köide]

Editor-in-chief (Rmit Univ, Australia), (Guangdong Provincial Hospital Of Chinese Medicine, China), Editor-in-chief (Guangdong Provincial Hospital Of Chinese Medicine, China), (Rmit Univ, Australia)

The 27Th Volume Of The Evidence-Based Clinical Chinese Medicine Series Examines The Management Of People Who Are Overweight And Obese With Chinese Medicine Using A 'Whole Evidence' Approach. Overweight And Obesity Are Recognised As Leading Health Concerns Worldwide. They Have Significant Impacts On Quality Of Life And Mortality And Are Associated With Many Complications And Chronic Illnesses, Including Diabetes Mellitus, Cardiovascular Disease, Hypertension, Stroke And Some Cancers. Conventional Medicine Understanding Of Weight Gain, Including Common Causes, Diagnosis And Treatment Are Included, Along With The Chinese Medicine Conceptualisation Of Overweight And Obesity. Evidence From Clinical Studies Is Reviewed Using Internationally Accepted Scientific Methods. Systematic Reviews Describe The Treatments Used In Clinical Studies, And Analyse The Effectiveness Of Chinese Herbal Medicines, Acupuncture And Related Therapies, Other Chinese Medicine Therapies, And Combinations Of Chinese Medicine Therapies. Experimental Studies That Describe The Potential Mechanisms Of Action Of Key Herbs Are Summarised. The Final Chapter Synthesises The Current Evidence And Offers Suggestions For Contemporary Clinical Practice And Future Research. This Book Is A Handy Desktop Reference For Both Clinicians And Students Of Chinese And Integrative Medicine. It Provides A Comprehensive Synthesis Of Both Traditional And Contemporary Knowledge That Can Inform Clinical Decision-Making.

Disclaimer v
Foreword vii
Purpose of the Monograph xi
Authors and Contributors xv
Member of Advisory Committee and Panel xvii
Distinguished Professor Charlie Changli Xue, PhD xix
Professor Chuanjian Lu, MD xxi
Acknowledgements xxiii
List of Figures
xxxv
List of Tables
xxxvii
1 Introduction to Overweight and Obesity
1(16)
Definition of Overweight and Obesity
1(1)
Clinical Presentation
2(1)
Epidemiology
2(1)
Burden
3(1)
Risk Factors
4(1)
Lifestyle
4(1)
Genetic
4(1)
Gender
5(1)
Socioeconomic and Ethnic Factors
5(1)
Medical
5(1)
Behavioural
5(1)
Medications
6(1)
Pathological Processes
6(1)
Diagnosis
7(1)
Management
8(2)
Lifestyle Interventions
10(1)
Diet
10(1)
Physical Activity
11(1)
Behaviour
11(1)
Pharmacological
12(1)
Surgery
12(1)
Complementary and Alternative Therapies
12(1)
Prognosis
12(1)
References
13(4)
2 Overweight and Obesity in Chinese Medicine
17(16)
Introduction
17(1)
Definition
18(1)
Aetiology and Pathogenesis
19(1)
Syndrome Differentiation and Treatments
20(2)
Stomach Heat with Dampness Obstruction
22(1)
Spleen Deficiency with Dampness
23(1)
Spleen and Kidney Yang Deficiency
23(1)
Liver Depression and Qi Stagnation
24(1)
Chinese Herbal Medicine Commercial Products
25(1)
Acupuncture and Relevant Therapies
26(2)
Other Therapies
28(1)
Diet Therapy
28(1)
Cupping Therapy
29(1)
Tuina
30(1)
Qigong Therapies
31(1)
Prevention and Care of Obesity
31(1)
References
32(1)
3 Classical Chinese Medicine Literature
33(28)
Introduction
33(1)
Search Terms
34(2)
Procedures for Search
36(1)
Data Coding and Data Analysis Procedure
36(2)
Search Results
38(1)
Citations Related to Obesity
39(1)
Descriptions of Obesity
40(1)
Descriptions of the Aetiology of Obesity
40(2)
Descriptions of Chinese Medicine Syndrome Differentiation of Obesity
42(1)
Chinese Herbal Medicine
42(1)
Frequency of Treatment Citations by Dynasty
43(1)
Treatment with Chinese Herbal Medicine
44(1)
Most Frequent Formulae in Possible Obesity Citations
44(1)
Obesity as an Individual Symptom
44(1)
Obesity and Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome
45(3)
Obesity and Stroke
48(3)
Obesity and Diabetes
51(1)
Obesity and Hypertension
51(1)
Most Frequent Herbs from Obesity Citations
52(3)
Most Frequent Herbs for Obesity as a Complication of Other Conditions
55(2)
Single Herb Formulae and Meteria Medica
57(1)
Classical Literature in Perspective
58(1)
References
59(2)
4 Methods for Evaluating Clinical Evidence
61(14)
Introduction
61(1)
Search Strategy
62(1)
Inclusion Criteria
63(3)
Exclusion Criteria
66(1)
Outcomes
67(1)
Risk of Bias Assessment
68(2)
Statistical Analyses
70(1)
Assessment Using Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation
71(2)
References
73(2)
5 Clinical Evidence for Chinese Herbal Medicine
75(76)
Introduction
75(1)
Previous Systematic Reviews
75(1)
Identification of Clinical Studies
76(2)
Chinese Herbal Medicine
78(1)
Randomised Controlled Trials of Chinese Herbal Medicine
79(1)
Risk of Bias
80(3)
Results
83(1)
Chinese Herbal Medicine Alone
83(1)
Chinese Herbal Medicine vs. Placebo
83(1)
Chinese Herbal Medicine vs. No Treatment
84(1)
Chinese Herbal Medicine vs. Lifestyle Therapies
85(1)
Chinese Herbal Medicine vs. Drug Therapies
85(1)
Chinese Herbal Medicine vs. Orlistat
85(1)
Chinese Herbal Medicine vs. Metformin
85(2)
Chinese Herbal Medicine plus Lifestyle Therapies
87(1)
Chinese Herbal Medicine plus Lifestyle Therapies vs. Lifestyle Therapies
88(1)
Chinese Herbal Medicine plus Lifestyle Therapies vs. Placebo plus Lifestyle Therapies
88(4)
Chinese Herbal Medicine plus Lifestyle Therapies vs. Drugs plus Lifestyle Therapies
92(1)
Chinese Herbal Medicine plus Lifestyle Therapies vs. Orlistat plus Lifestyle Therapies
92(1)
Chinese Herbal Medicine plus Lifestyle Therapies vs. Metformin plus Lifestyle Therapies
92(1)
Chinese Herbal Medicine plus Drug Therapies
92(2)
Chinese Herbal Medicine plus Metformin vs. Metformin
94(1)
Chinese Herbal Medicine plus Drug Therapies and Lifestyle Therapies
94(2)
Chinese Herbal Medicine plus Metformin and Lifestyle Therapies vs. Metformin and Lifestyle Therapies
96(3)
Weight-related Complications and Comorbidities
99(1)
Diabetes Mellitus
99(1)
Chinese Herbal Medicine Alone
99(2)
Chinese herbal medicine plus Lifestyle Therapies
101(2)
Chinese Herbal Medicine plus Anti-Diabetic Drug Therapies
103(1)
Chinese Herbal Medicine plus Anti-Diabetic Drugs and Lifestyle Therapies
104(1)
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome
104(4)
Metabolic Syndrome
108(2)
Hypertension
110(2)
Hyperlipidaemia
112(1)
Randomised Controlled Trial Evidence for Individual Formulae
112(1)
Wu ling san
113(1)
Huang lian jie du tang
114(1)
Pei lian ma huang fang
114(1)
Shen ling bai zhu san
115(1)
Ling gui zhu gan tang
115(1)
Jue ming zi cha
115(1)
Dao tan tang
116(1)
Shan zha xiao zhi jiao capsule
116(1)
Fang feng tong sheng san/wan
116(1)
Huang lian wen dan tang
117(1)
Assessment using GRADE
117(2)
Frequently Reported Herbs in Meta-analyses Showing Favourable Effect
119(3)
Safety of Chinese Herbal Medicine in Randomised Controlled Trials
122(2)
Controlled Clinical Trials of Chinese Herbal Medicine
124(1)
Controlled Clinical Trials Results
125(1)
Chinese Herbal Medicine Alone
125(1)
Chinese Herbal Medicine plus Routine Treatments
126(1)
Chinese Herbal Medicine plus Drug Therapies
126(1)
Chinese Herbal Medicine plus Drug and Lifestyle Therapies
127(2)
Safety of Chinese Herbal Medicine in Controlled Clinical Trials
129(1)
Non-controlled Studies of Chinese Herbal Medicine
129(2)
Safety of Chinese Herbal Medicine in Non-controlled Studies
131(1)
Summary of Chinese Herbal Medicine Clinical Evidence
131(2)
Safety
133(1)
Limitations
133(1)
Best Available Evidence
133(1)
References
134(1)
References for Included Chinese Herbal Medicine Clinical Studies
134(17)
6 Pharmacological Actions of Frequently Used Herbs
151(32)
Introduction
151(1)
Methods
152(1)
Experimental Studies on fu ling
153(1)
Anti-obesity Actions
153(1)
Regulation of Gut Microbiota
154(1)
Experimental Studies on bai zhu
154(1)
Anti-obesity Actions
155(1)
Regulation of Gut Microbiota
155(1)
Experimental Studies on ban xia
156(1)
Experimental Studies on chen pi
157(1)
Anti-obesity Actions
157(1)
Experimental Studies on huang lian
158(1)
Anti-obesity Actions
159(2)
Modulation of Microbiota-gut-brain Axis
161(1)
Regulation of Gut Microbiota
162(1)
Experimental Studies on dan shen
163(1)
Anti-obesity Actions
163(1)
Regulation of Gut Microbiota
164(1)
Experimental Studies on huang qi
165(1)
Anti-obesity Actions
165(1)
Regulation of Gut Microbiota
166(1)
Experimental Studies on da huang
167(1)
Anti-obesity Actions
167(2)
Regulation of Gut Microbiota
169(1)
Experimental Studies on he ye
169(1)
Anti-obesity Actions
169(1)
Regulation of Gut Microbiota
170(1)
Experimental Studies on ge gen
171(1)
Anti-obesity Actions
171(1)
Regulation of Gut Microbiota
172(1)
Summary of Pharmacological Actions of the Common Herbs
173(1)
References
173(10)
7 Clinical Evidence for Acupuncture and Related Therapies
183(48)
Introduction
183(1)
Previous Systematic Reviews
184(1)
Identification of Clinical Studies
185(2)
Outline of the Data Analyses
187(1)
Randomised Controlled Trials of Acupuncture
188(2)
Risk of Bias
190(2)
Acupuncture
192(1)
Acupuncture vs. Sham Acupuncture
192(1)
Acupuncture vs. No Treatment
193(1)
Acupuncture vs. Lifestyle Therapies
194(1)
Acupuncture vs. Drug Therapy
194(1)
Acupuncture plus Lifestyle Therapies vs. Lifestyle Therapies
195(1)
Acupuncture plus Ear Acupressure
196(2)
Ear Acupuncture
198(1)
Acupuncture plus Moxibustion Therapies
199(2)
Transcutaneous Electrical Stimulation on Acupoints
201(1)
Laser Acupuncture
201(1)
Weight-related Complications and Comorbidities
202(1)
Diabetes Mellitus
202(1)
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome
202(2)
Metabolic Syndrome
204(1)
Hypertension
205(1)
Hyperlipidaemia
205(1)
Frequently Reported Acupuncture Points in Meta-analyses Showing Favourable Effect
206(1)
Assessment Using GRADE
206(1)
Controlled Clinical Trials of Acupuncture
207(2)
Acupuncture plus Exercise vs. No Treatment or Exercise
209(1)
Acupuncture, Moxibustion, Ear Acupressure
209(1)
Non-controlled Studies of Acupuncture
210(1)
Safety of Acupuncture
210(1)
Summary of Acupuncture and Related Therapies Clinical Evidence
211(2)
Acupuncture
213(1)
Acupuncture plus Ear Acupressure
213(1)
Ear Acupuncture
214(1)
Acupuncture plus Moxibustion Therapies
214(1)
Transcutaneous Electrical Stimulation on Acupoints
214(1)
Laser Acupuncture
214(1)
Safety
215(1)
Limitations
215(1)
Best Available Evidence
215(1)
References
216(1)
References for Included Acupuncture Therapies Clinical Studies
217(14)
8 Clinical Evidence for Other Chinese Medicine Therapies
231(12)
Introduction
231(1)
Previous Systematic Reviews
231(1)
Identification of Clinical Studies
231(1)
Risk of Bias
232(1)
Qigong Therapies
232(3)
Tai Chi
235(1)
Tuina (Massage)
236(1)
Cupping Therapy
237(1)
Chinese Diet Therapy
237(1)
Summary of Other Chinese Medicine Clinical Evidence
238(1)
References for Included Other Chinese Medicine Therapies Clinical Studies
239(4)
9 Clinical Evidence for Combination Therapies
243(16)
Introduction
243(1)
Previous Systematic Reviews
243(1)
Identification of Clinical Studies
244(1)
Risk of Bias
245(1)
Clinical Evidence for Combination Therapies from Randomised Controlled Trials
246(1)
CHM plus Acupuncture
247(1)
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome
247(1)
Pre-diabetes and Diabetes
248(1)
Metabolic Syndrome
249(1)
Obesity-related Nephropathy
249(1)
Acupuncture Plus Cupping
250(1)
Acupuncture plus Tuina Massage
250(1)
Cupping plus Tuina Massage
251(1)
Chinese Herbal Medicine plus Acupuncture plus Tuina Massage
251(1)
Chinese Herbal Medicine plus Ear Acupressure plus Qigong
252(1)
Clinical Evidence for Combination Therapies from Controlled Clinical Trials
252(1)
Clinical Evidence for Combination Therapies from Nonrcontrolled Studies
253(1)
Safety of Combination Therapies
254(1)
Summary of Combination Therapies Evidence
254(1)
Reference
255(1)
References for Included Combination Therapies Clinical Studies
255(4)
10 Summary and Conclusions
259(22)
Introduction
259(1)
Chinese Medicine Syndrome Differentiation
260(1)
Chinese Herbal Medicine
261(1)
Chinese Herbal Medicine Alone
262(1)
Chinese Herbal Medicine plus Lifestyle Therapies
263(1)
Chinese Herbal Medicine plus Drug Therapies
263(1)
Chinese Herbal Medicine plus Drug Therapies and Lifestyle Therapies
263(1)
Safety
264(1)
Chinese Herbal Medicine Formulae in Key Clinical Guidelines and Textbooks, Classical Literature and Clinical Studies
264(4)
Acupuncture and Related Therapies
268(2)
Safety
270(1)
Acupuncture Therapies in Key Clinical Guidelines and Textbooks, Classical Literature and Clinical Studies
270(3)
Other Chinese Medicine Therapies
273(1)
Other Chinese Medicine Therapies in Key Clinical Guidelines and Textbooks, Classical Literature and Clinical Studies
274(1)
Limitations of Evidence
274(3)
Implications for Practice
277(2)
Implications for Research
279(1)
Clinical Trial Design
279(1)
Clinical Questions
279(1)
Methods
280(1)
Intervention
280(1)
Reporting
280(1)
References 281(2)
Glossary 283(10)
Index 293