Contributors |
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v | |
Preface |
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xvii | |
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SECTION I Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms of Human Brain Evolution |
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Chapter 1 Genetics of human brain evolution |
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3 | (38) |
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3 | (3) |
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2 Evolution through neurodevelopment |
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6 | (7) |
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8 | (1) |
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2.2 Patterning and organization |
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9 | (2) |
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2.3 Synaptogenesis and pruning |
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11 | (2) |
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3 Evolution of brain function |
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13 | (6) |
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14 | (1) |
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3.2 Gene expression patterns |
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15 | (2) |
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17 | (2) |
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4 Evolution through secondary effects |
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19 | (6) |
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20 | (2) |
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22 | (1) |
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23 | (2) |
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25 | (1) |
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25 | (16) |
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26 | (1) |
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27 | (14) |
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Chapter 2 Genetic diversity underlying behavioral plasticity in human adaptation |
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41 | (20) |
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41 | (1) |
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2 Searching for a genetic basis for the phenotype of the human brain |
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42 | (2) |
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3 Gene sequence evolution in human brain evolution |
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44 | (1) |
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4 Adaptation through mechanisms that minimize the effects of pleiotropy |
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45 | (2) |
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5 Transcription factors contribute to variability of multiple genes |
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47 | (1) |
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6 Gene expression in individual neurons |
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48 | (2) |
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7 Unexpected complexities: Variability resulting from non-heritable sources |
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50 | (1) |
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51 | (10) |
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52 | (1) |
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52 | (9) |
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SECTION II Cerebral Cortex: Neural Organization and Functional Connectivity |
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Chapter 3 The origin and evolution of neocortex: From early mammals to modern humans |
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61 | (22) |
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61 | (1) |
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2 The origin of neocortex |
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62 | (2) |
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64 | (2) |
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4 Early primates and other archontoglires |
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66 | (6) |
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72 | (1) |
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6 Hominoids: Apes and humans |
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72 | (11) |
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76 | (7) |
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Chapter 4 Allometry, evolution and development of neocortex size in mammals |
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83 | (26) |
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84 | (1) |
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2 Allometric patterning in brain region evolution |
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85 | (3) |
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3 Relating allometric patterning to developmental processes |
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88 | (2) |
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4 The allometric pattern of neocortex size evolution |
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90 | (7) |
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4.1 Investigating allometry with increased analytical resolution |
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90 | (1) |
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91 | (5) |
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4.3 Overall trends in the evolutionary allometry of neocortex size |
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96 | (1) |
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5 The allometric pattern of neocortical region size evolution |
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97 | (5) |
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6 Conclusion: Implications for the principles of brain evolution |
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102 | (7) |
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103 | (6) |
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Chapter 5 Neurodevelopmental disorders of the prefrontal cortex in an evolutionary context |
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109 | (20) |
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109 | (2) |
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2 Prefrontal cortex anatomy in an evolutionary context |
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111 | (1) |
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3 Psychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders |
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112 | (3) |
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4 Prefrontal cortex in Williams syndrome |
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115 | (6) |
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4.1 Distribution of neurofilament immunoreactive neurons in the frontal pole of WS |
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118 | (2) |
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4.2 Implications of SMI-32ir neuron distribution in WS for understanding variability in PFC organization |
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120 | (1) |
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5 Future directions: Old questions with a new focus |
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121 | (8) |
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123 | (1) |
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123 | (6) |
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Chapter 6 The human connectome from an evolutionary perspective |
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129 | (24) |
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Martijn P. van den Heuvel |
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129 | (1) |
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2 Mapping the human connectome |
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130 | (2) |
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2.1 Connectome reconstruction |
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130 | (1) |
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131 | (1) |
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3 Conserved features of the human connectome |
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132 | (3) |
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3.1 Commonalities in connectome organization |
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132 | (1) |
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3.2 Proposed principles of connectome wiring |
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133 | (2) |
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4 Human connectome adaptations |
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135 | (5) |
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4.1 Adaptations supporting complex brain function |
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136 | (2) |
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4.2 Adaptations supporting brain expansion |
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138 | (2) |
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140 | (13) |
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141 | (12) |
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Chapter 7 Evolution of cerebral asymmetry |
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153 | (26) |
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153 | (1) |
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154 | (2) |
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156 | (2) |
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4 How lateralized circuits evolve |
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158 | (1) |
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5 Variations in asymmetry |
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159 | (2) |
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161 | (2) |
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7 Asymmetries in nonhuman animals |
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163 | (3) |
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163 | (1) |
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163 | (1) |
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164 | (1) |
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165 | (1) |
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7.5 Behavioral asymmetries |
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165 | (1) |
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166 | (1) |
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166 | (4) |
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170 | (9) |
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170 | (9) |
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Chapter 8 Life history changes accompany increased numbers of cortical neurons: A new framework for understanding human brain evolution |
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179 | (40) |
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180 | (1) |
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2 Part I. Is the human brain special---And should body size be taken into consideration? |
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181 | (4) |
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3 Part II. The human brain as a scaled-up primate brain |
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185 | (11) |
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4 Part III. Life slows down with more neurons in the cerebral cortex: Implications for human evolution |
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196 | (3) |
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5 Part IV. A new framework for understanding human brain evolution |
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199 | (4) |
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6 Part V. Human-exclusive features that may not be |
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203 | (16) |
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207 | (12) |
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SECTION III Origin and Evolution of the Human Mind |
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Chapter 9 Evolution of the modern human brain |
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219 | (32) |
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220 | (1) |
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2 Comparative anatomy of the modern human and chimpanzee brain |
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221 | (2) |
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2.1 Identifying primitive and derived traits |
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221 | (1) |
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221 | (1) |
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222 | (1) |
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222 | (1) |
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223 | (1) |
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223 | (1) |
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223 | (4) |
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4 Evidence of hominin brain morphology |
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227 | (2) |
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5 Trends in the evolution of brain size in the hominin clade |
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229 | (6) |
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229 | (2) |
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5.2 Possible reasons for the lack of consensus |
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231 | (1) |
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232 | (3) |
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6 Patterns of brain shape evolution through time in the hominin clade |
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235 | (5) |
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235 | (2) |
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237 | (1) |
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238 | (1) |
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238 | (1) |
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239 | (1) |
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239 | (1) |
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6.7 Inferring function from brain morphology |
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240 | (1) |
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240 | (11) |
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241 | (10) |
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Chapter 10 On the nature and evolution of the human mind |
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251 | (34) |
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1 Brain, mind and reality |
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251 | (2) |
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2 Principles of brain evolution |
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253 | (1) |
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3 Cerebral cortex: Architecture and evolution |
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253 | (4) |
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4 Design principles of cortical organization |
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257 | (1) |
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258 | (3) |
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6 Limits to human brain evolution |
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261 | (3) |
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262 | (1) |
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6.2 Neural processing limits |
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263 | (1) |
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7 Evolution of brain and intelligence |
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264 | (1) |
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8 Brain evolution and consciousness |
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265 | (3) |
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8.1 The quest for consciousness |
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265 | (1) |
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8.2 Neural correlates of consciousness |
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266 | (2) |
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9 Evolutionary models of mind |
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268 | (3) |
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9.1 Darwin on the human mind |
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268 | (1) |
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269 | (2) |
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10 Human language and cognition |
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271 | (2) |
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273 | (12) |
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274 | (11) |
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Chapter 11 Origin and evolution of human cognition |
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285 | (32) |
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285 | (1) |
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2 Human cognition---Animal cognition |
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286 | (13) |
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2.1 Tool use and tool fabrication |
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287 | (1) |
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288 | (1) |
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288 | (1) |
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2.4 Mirror self-recognition |
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289 | (1) |
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289 | (2) |
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291 | (1) |
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292 | (1) |
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293 | (2) |
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295 | (1) |
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296 | (3) |
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3 Correlations between higher cognitive abilities and brain |
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299 | (5) |
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3.1 Absolute and relative brain size |
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300 | (2) |
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302 | (1) |
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3.3 Number of neurons and information processing capacity |
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303 | (1) |
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304 | (4) |
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308 | (9) |
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309 | (7) |
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316 | (1) |
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Chapter 12 Origin and evolution of human consciousness |
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317 | (28) |
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318 | (1) |
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2 Epistemological aspects |
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318 | (2) |
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3 On the nature of consciousness |
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320 | (1) |
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4 Characteristics of human consciousness |
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321 | (1) |
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5 Neuroscientific theories of human consciousness |
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322 | (2) |
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6 The development of consciousness in children |
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324 | (1) |
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7 Contributions of neurology to the study of consciousness |
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325 | (3) |
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8 Contributions of neuropsychology to the study of consciousness |
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328 | (2) |
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9 Consciousness in vertebrates |
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330 | (2) |
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10 Origin and characteristics of consciousness in Homo sapiens |
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332 | (13) |
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336 | (7) |
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343 | (2) |
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Chapter 13 Origin and evolution of human speech: Emergence from a trimodal auditory, visual and vocal network |
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345 | |
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346 | (1) |
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2 Parallelism between the neuroanatomy of auditory and visual systems |
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347 | (4) |
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2.1 The dual pathway organization of the visual system |
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347 | (1) |
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2.2 Ventral and dorsal streams for speech |
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347 | (1) |
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2.3 The dual pathway model revisited: What, where and when? |
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348 | (3) |
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3 The ventrolateral prefrontal cortex: A convergence area for multimodal integration |
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351 | (3) |
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3.1 The dorsal stream for auditory-articulatory transduction |
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351 | (1) |
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3.2 Overlap of auditory and visual ventral streams for faces-voices associations |
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351 | (1) |
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3.3 Homologies and differences between human and nonhuman primates |
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352 | (2) |
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4 Trimodal repertoire: Phoneme, viseme, articuleme |
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354 | (6) |
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4.1 A visual counterpart of vocal articulations |
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354 | (2) |
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4.2 Neuronal correlates of visual speech perception |
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356 | (2) |
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4.3 Trimodality, the missing link? |
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358 | (2) |
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5 Mirror neuron system, predictive coding and imitative behaviors |
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360 | (3) |
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5.1 The mirror neuron system |
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360 | (2) |
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5.2 Predictive coding and imitative behaviors |
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362 | (1) |
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363 | |
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365 | (1) |
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365 | (6) |
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371 | |