Appendix of Sources |
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xiii | |
Editor's Introduction: The Search for Causes in the Social and Behavioral Sciences |
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xxiii | |
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Volume I The Experimental Approach to Behavioral and Social Sciences Research |
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Introduction to Volume One Bringing the Experimental Approach to the Behavioral and Social Sciences |
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xxxi | |
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Section 1 Historical Perspectives on Experiments in the Behavioral and Social Sciences |
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1 Excerpts from A System of Logic, Ratiocinative and Inductive: Being a Connected View of the Principles of Evidence and the Methods of Scientific Investigation |
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3 | (16) |
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2 Excerpts from The Rules of Sociological Method |
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19 | (14) |
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3 Design for Social Experiments |
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33 | (16) |
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4 The Role of Theory in Experimental Psychology |
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49 | (18) |
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5 The Delayed Birth of Social Experiments |
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67 | (22) |
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Section 2 The Nomothetic-Idiographic Debate on the Nature of Behavioral and Social Sciences |
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6 Concept and Theory Formation in the Social Sciences |
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89 | (14) |
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7 `Nomothetic' and `Idiographic': Contrasting Windelband's Understanding with Contemporary Usage |
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103 | (16) |
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8 History in Search of Science |
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119 | (10) |
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9 Nomothetic Science and Idiographic History in Twentieth-Century Americanist Anthropology |
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129 | (28) |
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Section 3 Bringing the Laboratory to Natural Settings in the Behavioral and Social Sciences |
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10 Reforms as Experiments |
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157 | (34) |
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191 | (22) |
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12 Situated Experiments in Organizations: Transplanting the Lab to the Field |
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213 | (26) |
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13 Improving Causal Inference: Strengths and Limitations of Natural Experiments |
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239 | (22) |
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Section 4 Constraints on Experimental Design in the Behavioral and Social Sciences |
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14 Cognitive Science: The Newest Science of the Artificial |
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261 | (14) |
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15 Economics in the Laboratory |
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275 | (20) |
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16 Experimental Methods in Political Science |
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295 | (34) |
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17 How Hard Is Hard Science, How Soft Is Soft Science? The Empirical Cumulativeness of Research |
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329 | |
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Volume II Hypothesis Testing and Inference in the Behavioral and Social Sciences |
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Introduction to Volume Two Causal Inference and Strategies for Hypothesis Testing in the Behavioral and Social Sciences |
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vii | |
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Section 1 On the History of Hypothesis Testing in the Behavioral and Social Sciences |
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18 Sir Ronald Fisher and the Design of Experiments |
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3 | (14) |
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19 Statistical Methods and Scientific Induction |
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17 | (16) |
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20 "Inductive Behavior" as a Basic Concept of Philosophy of Science |
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33 | (20) |
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21 The Fisher, Neyman-Pearson Theories of Testing Hypotheses: One Theory or Two? |
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53 | (20) |
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Section 2 Reasoning Processes in Behavioral and Social Sciences Hypothesis Testing |
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22 Doing the Impossible: A Note on Induction and the Experience of Randomness |
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73 | (20) |
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23 Confirmation, Disconfirmation, and Information in Hypothesis Testing |
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93 | (38) |
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24 Judging Probable Cause |
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131 | (38) |
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25 Statistical Analysis and the Illusion of Objectivity |
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169 | (18) |
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Section 3 Null Hypothesis Significance Testing in Behavioral and Social Sciences Research |
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26 The Earth Is Round (p < .05) |
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187 | (14) |
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27 The Insignificance of Null Hypothesis Significance Testing |
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201 | (28) |
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229 | (24) |
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29 What to Believe: Bayesian Methods for Data Analysis |
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253 | (18) |
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Section 4 Power and Effect Size in Behavioral and Social Sciences Hypothesis Testing |
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30 "Statistical," "Practical," and "Clinical": How Many Kinds of Significance Do Counselors Need to Consider? |
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271 | (18) |
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289 | (10) |
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32 Effect Magnitude: A Different Focus |
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299 | (20) |
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33 Effect Sizes: Why, When, and How to Use Them |
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319 | |
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Volume III Controls and Confounds in Behavioral and Social Sciences Experiments |
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Introduction to Volume Three Essentials of Experimental Design in the Behavioral and Social Sciences |
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vii | |
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Section 1 Sample Selection and Assignment in Behavioral and Social Sciences Experiments |
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34 Belief in the Law of Small Numbers |
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3 | (10) |
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35 Models for Sample Selection Bias |
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13 | (24) |
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36 Assessing the Case for Social Experiments |
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37 | (28) |
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37 Misunderstanding Analysis of Covariance |
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65 | (22) |
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Section 2 The Control Group in Behavioral and Social Sciences Experiments |
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38 Experimentation and Social Interventions: A Forgotten but Important History |
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87 | (8) |
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39 Natural and Quasi-Experiments in Economics |
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95 | (24) |
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40 The Delphi List: A Criteria List for Quality Assessment of Randomized Clinical Trials for Conducting Systematic Reviews Developed by Delphi Consensus |
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119 | (14) |
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41 The Politics of Random Assignment: Implementing Studies and Affecting Policy |
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133 | (32) |
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Section 3 Generalizability and Representative Design in Behavioral and Social Sciences Experiments |
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42 The External Validity of Experiments |
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165 | (30) |
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43 Designing Research for Application |
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195 | (22) |
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44 External Validity Is More Than Skin Deep: Some Answers to Criticisms of Laboratory Experiments |
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217 | (22) |
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45 The Challenge of Representative Design in Psychology and Economics |
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239 | (14) |
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Section 4 Expectancy Effects in Behavioral and Social Sciences Experiments |
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46 On the Social Psychology of the Psychological Experiment: With Particular Reference to Demand Characteristics and Their Implications |
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253 | (12) |
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47 Teacher Expectations and Self-fulfilling Prophecies: Knowns and Unknowns, Resolved and Unresolved Controversies |
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265 | (48) |
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48 A Comprehensive Review of the Placebo Effect: Recent Advances and Current Thought |
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313 | (32) |
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Section 5 Context and Causality in Behavioral and Social Sciences Experiments |
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49 Some Statistical Problems in Research Design |
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345 | (16) |
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50 Checking the Success of Manipulations in Marketing Experiments |
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361 | (20) |
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381 | (14) |
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52 Quality Indicators for Group Experimental and Quasi-Experimental Research in Special Education |
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395 | |
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Volume IV Design Choices and Future Directions in the Behavioral and Social Sciences |
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Introduction to Volume Four Experimental Designs as Tools for Knowledge |
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vii | |
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Section 1 Between-subjects versus Within-subjects Designs in Behavioral and Social Sciences Experiments |
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53 Experimental Methods and Outcome Evaluation |
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3 | (18) |
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54 Within-subjects Designs: To Use or Not to Use? |
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21 | (10) |
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55 How to Show That 9 > 221: Collect Judgments in a Between-subjects Design |
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31 | (12) |
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56 Experimental Methods: Between-subject and Within-subject Design |
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43 | (16) |
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Section 2 Multivariate Designs in Behavioral and Social Sciences Experiments |
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57 Definition and Interpretation of Interaction Effects |
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59 | (8) |
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58 The Moderator-Mediator Variable Distinction in Social Psychological Research: Conceptual, Strategic, and Statistical Considerations |
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67 | (20) |
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59 Establishing a Causal Chain: Why Experiments Are Often More Effective Than Mediational Analyses in Examining Psychological Processes |
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87 | (16) |
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60 On the Use of Structural Equation Models in Experimental Designs |
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103 | (22) |
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Section 3 Modeling and Summarizing Experimental Data in the Behavioral and Social Sciences |
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61 Data Analysis: Continuing Issues in the Everyday Analysis of Psychological Data |
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125 | (32) |
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62 Inference and Hierarchical Modeling in the Social Sciences |
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157 | (32) |
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63 Understanding Research Synthesis (Meta-Analysis) |
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189 | (24) |
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64 Meta-Analysis and the Development of Knowledge |
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213 | (28) |
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Section 4 Ethical Considerations in Behavioral and Social Sciences Experiments |
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65 On the Ethics of Intervention in Human Psychological Research: With Special Reference to the Stanford Prison Experiment |
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241 | (14) |
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66 Ethical and Professional Dimensions of Socially Sensitive Research |
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255 | (14) |
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67 Science and Ethics in Conducting, Analyzing, and Reporting Psychological Research |
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269 | (16) |
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68 Reflections and Recommendations on Research Ethics in Developing Countries |
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285 | (22) |
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Section 5 Progress and Future Directions in Behavioral and Social Sciences Experiments |
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69 Innovations in Experimental Design in Attitude Surveys |
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307 | (22) |
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70 Human Research and Data Collection via the Internet |
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329 | (30) |
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71 Mixed Methods Research Designs in Counseling Psychology |
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359 | (24) |
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72 The Growth and Development of Experimental Research in Political Science |
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383 | (18) |
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73 Lab Experiments for the Study of Social-Ecological Systems |
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401 | |
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