Preface |
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iii | |
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xix | |
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Chapter 1 Introduction and Overview |
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1 | (8) |
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1 | (3) |
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4 | (3) |
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7 | (1) |
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7 | (2) |
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Chapter 2 Constitutional Rights |
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9 | (8) |
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9 | (1) |
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10 | (4) |
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14 | (2) |
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14 | (1) |
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14 | (1) |
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C Irrebuttable Presumption |
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15 | (1) |
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D Summary of Employment Issues |
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15 | (1) |
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16 | (1) |
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Chapter 3 Definition of "Disability"? |
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17 | (17) |
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17 | (1) |
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18 | (2) |
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20 | (1) |
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3.4 Specifically Excluded Criteria |
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21 | (1) |
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3.5 Alcoholics and Drug Abusers |
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21 | (3) |
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3.6 Having a Record of an Impairment |
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24 | (1) |
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3.7 Regarded as Having a Disability |
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25 | (1) |
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26 | (2) |
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3.9 Substantial Limitation and Mitigating Measures |
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28 | (3) |
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3.10 Substantial Limitation of the Ability to Work |
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31 | (3) |
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Chapter 4 The Rehabilitation Act of 1973 |
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34 | (47) |
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34 | (1) |
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4.2 Section 504: Introduction |
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34 | (1) |
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4.3 Section 504: Procedural Issues |
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35 | (16) |
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A Private Right of Action |
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35 | (5) |
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B Exhaustion of Administrative Remedies |
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40 | (2) |
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C Eleventh Amendment Immunity |
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42 | (3) |
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45 | (1) |
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46 | (2) |
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48 | (2) |
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50 | (1) |
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4.4 Section 504: Recipients of Federal Financial Assistance |
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51 | (10) |
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52 | (1) |
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B Scope of the Term "Program or Activity" |
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53 | (3) |
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C "Recipients" Versus "Beneficiaries" |
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56 | (3) |
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D Procurement, Insurance or Guaranty Contracts |
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59 | (1) |
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60 | (1) |
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4.5 Section 504: Discrimination Solely on the Basis of Disability |
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61 | (4) |
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4.6 Section 501: Introduction |
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65 | (3) |
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4.7 Section 501: Procedural Issues |
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68 | (2) |
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A Private Right of Action |
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68 | (1) |
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B Exhaustion of Administrative Remedies |
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68 | (2) |
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70 | (1) |
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D Judicial Review of Agency Action |
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70 | (1) |
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4.8 Relationship Between Sections 501 and 504 |
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70 | (1) |
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4.9 Relationship Between Section 501 and the ADA |
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71 | (1) |
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4.10 Section 503: Introduction and Overview |
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72 | (2) |
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4.11 Relationship Between Section 503 and the ADA |
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74 | (1) |
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4.12 Section 503: Procedural Issues |
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75 | (1) |
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A Private Right of Action |
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75 | (1) |
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B Third Party Beneficiary Actions |
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75 | (1) |
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75 | (1) |
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D Actions to Enforce Conciliation Agreements |
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76 | (1) |
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4.13 Section 503: Administrative Procedures and Remedies |
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76 | (2) |
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4.14 Section 503: Actions Against the OFCCP |
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78 | (1) |
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4.15 Section 503: Affirmative Action Plans |
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78 | (3) |
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Chapter 5 Employment Discrimination |
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81 | (52) |
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5.1 Introduction and Overview |
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81 | (1) |
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5.2 Entities Subject to the ADA |
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82 | (2) |
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5.3 Fifteen Employee Threshold |
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84 | (3) |
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87 | (1) |
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5.5 Qualified Individual with a Disability |
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87 | (1) |
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5.6 Inconsistent Statements/Waivers |
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88 | (2) |
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90 | (4) |
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5.8 Scope of the Federal Laws |
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94 | (2) |
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5.9 Disparate Treatment/Disparate Impact |
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96 | (1) |
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5.10 Reasonable Accommodations |
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97 | (6) |
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103 | (2) |
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5.12 Fundamental Alteration |
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105 | (1) |
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5.13 Collective Bargaining Agreements |
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105 | (2) |
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107 | (2) |
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109 | (3) |
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5.16 Employment Tests and Criteria |
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112 | (3) |
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5.17 Medical Examinations and Inquiries |
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115 | (5) |
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115 | (1) |
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116 | (2) |
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118 | (1) |
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D Specific Issues in Testing |
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118 | (2) |
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5.18 Providing an Harassment Free Environment |
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120 | (1) |
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5.19 Enforcement of ADA Title I |
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121 | (2) |
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5.20 Remedies for Employment Discrimination |
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123 | (8) |
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123 | (3) |
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126 | (3) |
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129 | (1) |
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130 | (1) |
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131 | (1) |
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5.21 Individual Liability |
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131 | (2) |
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Chapter 6 Architectural Barriers |
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133 | (13) |
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6.1 The Architectural Barriers Act |
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133 | (2) |
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6.2 The Architectural and Transportation Barriers Compliance Board |
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135 | (5) |
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6.3 Guidelines and Standards Established Under the ABA |
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140 | (1) |
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6.4 Section 504 and Architectural Barriers |
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141 | (4) |
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6.5 Injury Due to Lack of Accessibility |
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145 | (1) |
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Chapter 7 Access to Programs and Services |
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146 | (66) |
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146 | (1) |
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7.2 Section 504: Overview |
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146 | (1) |
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7.3 Title II of the ADA: Overview |
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147 | (1) |
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7.4 ADA Title II: Program and Facility Accessibility |
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148 | (2) |
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7.5 Title III of the ADA: Overview |
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150 | (1) |
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7.6 ADA Title III: Definition of Public Accommodations |
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151 | (4) |
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7.7 ADA Title III: Commercial Facilities |
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155 | (1) |
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156 | (1) |
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7.9 ADA Title III: Religious Entities |
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156 | (1) |
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7.10 ADA Titles II and III and Section 504: Qualified Individual With a Disability |
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157 | (2) |
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7.11 ADA Titles II and III and Section 504: Eligibility Criteria |
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159 | (2) |
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7.12 ADA Titles II and III and Section 504: Reasonable Accommodations/Modifications |
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161 | (4) |
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7.13 ADA Titles II and III and Section 504: Integrated Setting |
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165 | (1) |
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7.14 ADA Titles II and III and Section 504: Safety Defense |
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166 | (4) |
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166 | (3) |
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169 | (1) |
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7.15 ADA Titles II and III and Section 504: Disparate Impact |
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170 | (2) |
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7.16 ADA Titles II and III and Section 504: Discrimination Vis-a-vis Other People With Disabilities |
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172 | (1) |
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7.17 ADA Title III: Provision of Auxiliary Aids and Services |
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173 | (2) |
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7.18 ADA Title II: Provision of Auxiliary Aids and Services |
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175 | (1) |
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7.19 ADA Title III: Newly Constructed or Altered Facilities |
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176 | (3) |
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7.20 ADA Title III: Removal of Barriers from Existing Facilities |
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179 | (3) |
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7.21 ADA Title III: Landlords/Lessees |
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182 | (2) |
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7.22 ADA Title III: Franchisors/Franchisees |
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184 | (1) |
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7.23 ADA Title II: New Construction or Alterations |
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185 | (1) |
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7.24 ADA Title II: Existing Facilities and Programs |
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186 | (3) |
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7.25 ADA Title II: Communications |
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189 | (1) |
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7.26 Differences Between ADA Title II and Section 504 |
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190 | (4) |
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7.27 ADA Title III: Courses and Examinations |
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194 | (2) |
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7.28 ADA Title II and Section 504: Enforcement, Procedure and Remedies |
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196 | (3) |
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7.29 ADA Title III: Enforcement and Remedies |
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199 | (3) |
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7.30 Section 504: Individual Liability |
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202 | (1) |
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7.31 ADA Title III: Individual Liability |
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203 | (1) |
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7.32 ADA Title II: Individual Liability |
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203 | (1) |
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7.33 Section 508: Electronic and Information Technology |
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204 | (4) |
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7.34 Section 504: Access to Television |
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208 | (4) |
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Chapter 8 Access Board Guidelines for ADA Titles II and III |
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212 | (12) |
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212 | (1) |
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8.2 Newly Constructed Buildings |
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213 | (3) |
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8.3 Alterations to Existing Facilities |
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216 | (2) |
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218 | (1) |
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219 | (5) |
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224 | (20) |
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9.1 The Fair Housing Act Amendments of 1988: Introduction |
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224 | (2) |
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9.2 FHAA: Discrimination in the Rental or Sale of Housing |
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226 | (3) |
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A Sale/Rental of Dwellings |
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226 | (1) |
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227 | (1) |
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C Representations and Advertisements |
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228 | (1) |
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9.3 FHA: Discrimination in Residential Real Estate-Related Transactions |
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229 | (1) |
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9.4 FHA: Discrimination in the Provision of Brokerage Services |
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230 | (1) |
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9.5 FHA: Interference or Coercion |
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230 | (1) |
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9.6 FHA: Disparate Impact Discrimination Prohibited |
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231 | (1) |
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232 | (2) |
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9.8 FHAA: Reasonable Accommodation |
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234 | (1) |
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9.9 FHAA: Direct Threat Defense |
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235 | (1) |
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9.10 FHAA: Conflicting State Statutes |
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235 | (1) |
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9.11 FHA: Enforcement and Remedies |
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236 | (7) |
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A Administrative Enforcement |
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236 | (4) |
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240 | (1) |
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C Pattern and Practice Litigation |
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241 | (1) |
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242 | (1) |
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243 | (1) |
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Chapter 10 Postsecondary Education |
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244 | (36) |
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10.1 Introduction and Overview |
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244 | (2) |
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246 | (8) |
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246 | (1) |
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247 | (5) |
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252 | (1) |
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D Disclosure and Documentation of Disability |
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253 | (1) |
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10.3 Reasonable Accommodations |
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254 | (9) |
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A Suggested Accommodations |
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255 | (4) |
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B Scope of Reasonable Accommodations |
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259 | (3) |
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262 | (1) |
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D Payment for Reasonable Accommodations |
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263 | (1) |
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263 | (3) |
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266 | (1) |
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10.6 Non-Academic Programs and Services |
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267 | (2) |
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10.7 Notice and Documentation of Disability |
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269 | (3) |
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272 | (1) |
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10.9 Hostile Learning Environment |
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272 | (1) |
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10.10 Individuals With Learning Disabilities |
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272 | (6) |
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274 | (3) |
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B Accommodations for Accepted Students |
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277 | (1) |
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278 | (2) |
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Chapter 11 Transportation |
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280 | (50) |
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11.1 Mass Ground Transportation: Overview |
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280 | (3) |
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11.2 ADA Title II: Public Entities |
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283 | (15) |
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A Part I of Division B of Title II |
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283 | (11) |
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B Part II of Division B of ADA Title II |
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294 | (4) |
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11.3 Enforcement of ADA Title II |
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298 | (1) |
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11.4 ADA Title III: Private Entities |
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298 | (20) |
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A Provision of Public Transporation by Private Entities Primarily Engaged in the Business of Transporting People |
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299 | (8) |
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B Provision of Public Transportation by Private Entities Not Primarily Engaged in the Business of Transporting People |
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307 | (1) |
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C Accessibility Provisions |
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308 | (10) |
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11.5 Enforcement of ADA Title III Provisions |
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318 | (1) |
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11.6 Uniform System for Disabled Parking |
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318 | (1) |
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11.7 Airline Transportation |
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319 | (11) |
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A Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act and the ADA |
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319 | (1) |
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B The Air Carrier Access Act of 1986 |
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319 | (11) |
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Chapter 12 ADA: Miscellaneous |
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330 | (31) |
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330 | (1) |
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12.2 Title IV: Telecommunications Relay Services |
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330 | (3) |
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12.3 ADA: Public Service Announcements |
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333 | (1) |
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12.4 Eleventh Amendment Immunity |
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333 | (1) |
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12.5 Attorneys' Fees and Costs |
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334 | (3) |
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12.6 Insurance and Benefit Plans |
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337 | (18) |
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A Insurance Coverage in the Employment Setting |
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337 | (14) |
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B Title III---Public Accommodations |
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351 | (4) |
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12.7 Retaliation and Coercion |
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355 | (1) |
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12.8 Rights Under Other Laws |
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355 | (1) |
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12.9 Relationship to the Rehabilitation Act |
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356 | (1) |
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356 | (1) |
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12.11 Applicability to Congress, Presidential Appointees, White House Employees and Previously Exempt State Employees |
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356 | (1) |
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12.12 Alternate Dispute Resolution |
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357 | (4) |
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Chapter 13 The Individuals With Disabilities Education Act (IDEA): Introduction and Overview |
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361 | (44) |
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361 | (3) |
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364 | (2) |
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A State Plans and Eligiblity for Federal Funds |
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364 | (1) |
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365 | (1) |
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13.3 Terminology and Concepts |
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366 | (11) |
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A Children With Disablities |
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366 | (2) |
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368 | (1) |
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C Free Appropriate Public Education |
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369 | (1) |
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370 | (1) |
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E Individualized Education Program |
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371 | (1) |
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F Least Restrictive Environment |
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372 | (2) |
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G Local Educational Agency |
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374 | (1) |
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H State Educational Agency |
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374 | (1) |
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I Specific Learning Disabilities |
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375 | (2) |
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13.4 Procedural Safeguards |
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377 | (14) |
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A Development of an Individualized Education Program |
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377 | (3) |
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380 | (2) |
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382 | (4) |
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D The "Stay-Put" Provision |
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386 | (5) |
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13.5 Confidentiality of and Access to Records |
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391 | (1) |
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13.6 "Zero Reject" Principle |
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392 | (2) |
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13.7 Extracurricular Activities |
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394 | (1) |
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13.8 Infants and Toddlers With Disabilities |
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395 | (10) |
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Chapter 14 IDEA: Appropriateness/Least Restrictive Environment; Continuum of Educational Options; Related Services |
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405 | (34) |
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405 | (2) |
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407 | (9) |
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A Standards to Be Applied by Courts |
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407 | (5) |
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B Application of the Federal Standard |
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412 | (4) |
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14.3 Incorporation of State Standards |
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416 | (1) |
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417 | (1) |
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14.5 Extended School Year |
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418 | (2) |
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14.6 Continuum of Educational Options |
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420 | (1) |
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14.7 Interrelationship Between LRE and Appropriateness |
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421 | (1) |
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14.8 Applying the Proper Standard |
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422 | (4) |
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426 | (1) |
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427 | (3) |
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14.11 Provision of Related Services |
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430 | (9) |
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A Issues Concerning Specified Related Services |
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431 | (2) |
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433 | (3) |
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C Issues Concerning Non-specified Related Services |
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436 | (3) |
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Chapter 15 IDEA: Private Schooling; Persons in a Parental Role; Testing and Evaluation; Third-Party Payments |
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439 | (23) |
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15.1 Private Schooling for Children With Disabilities |
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439 | (8) |
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A Children With Disabilities in Non-Religious Schools |
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440 | (3) |
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B Children With Disabilities in Religious Schools |
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443 | (2) |
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445 | (2) |
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15.2 Persons in a Parental Role |
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447 | (2) |
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15.3 Testing and Evaluation |
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449 | (2) |
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449 | (2) |
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451 | (1) |
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15.4 Independent Educational Evaluations |
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451 | (3) |
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15.5 Third-Party Payments |
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454 | (8) |
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454 | (5) |
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459 | (3) |
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Chapter 16 IDEA: Procedural Issues |
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462 | (13) |
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16.1 Exhaustion of Administrative Remedies |
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462 | (4) |
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16.2 Statutes of Limitation |
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466 | (2) |
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468 | (5) |
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470 | (1) |
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471 | (1) |
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C Due Weight---Given for What |
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472 | (1) |
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473 | (1) |
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16.5 Impartiality of Hearing Officers |
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473 | (2) |
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Chapter 17 IDEA: Remedies |
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475 | (18) |
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475 | (1) |
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475 | (8) |
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483 | (1) |
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17.4 Compensatory Educational Services |
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484 | (2) |
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486 | (7) |
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487 | (2) |
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489 | (4) |
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Chapter 18 Section 504 and the ADA: Elementary and Secondary Education |
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493 | (13) |
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18.1 Applicability of Section 504 |
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493 | (4) |
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18.2 Procedural and Substantive Aspects of Section 504 |
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497 | (4) |
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497 | (1) |
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498 | (3) |
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18.3 Rights of Parents Under Section 504 |
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501 | (1) |
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18.4 Applicability of Title II of the ADA |
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502 | (2) |
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18.5 Rights of Students in Private Schools Under Section 504 and the ADA |
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504 | (2) |
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Chapter 19 Disciplining Students With Disabilities |
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506 | (15) |
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19.1 Impact of the IDEA and Section 504 |
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506 | (1) |
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19.2 Honig v. Doe: Procedural Safeguards |
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506 | (3) |
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19.3 Interplay Between IDEA and Section 504 |
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509 | (1) |
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510 | (2) |
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19.5 The 1997 and 2004 Amendments |
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512 | (4) |
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19.6 Children Classified as Disabled After the Misbehavior at Issue |
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516 | (2) |
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19.7 In-School Discipline |
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518 | (1) |
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19.8 Expungement of Records |
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519 | (1) |
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19.9 Police Intervention and Juvenile Court |
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519 | (2) |
Conclusion |
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521 | (2) |
Index |
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523 | |