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xi | |
| Preface |
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xiii | |
| Authors |
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xvii | |
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I Stochastic Calculus with Brownian Motion |
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1 | (168) |
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1 One-Dimensional Brownian Motion and Related Processes |
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3 | (56) |
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1.1 Multivariate Normal Distributions |
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3 | (2) |
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1.1.1 Multivariate Normal Distribution |
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3 | (1) |
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1.1.2 Conditional Normal Distributions |
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4 | (1) |
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1.2 Standard Brownian Motion |
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5 | (23) |
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1.2.1 One-Dimensional Symmetric Random Walk |
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5 | (6) |
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1.2.2 Formal Definition and Basic Properties of Brownian Motion |
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11 | (3) |
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1.2.3 Multivariate Distribution of Brownian Motion |
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14 | (3) |
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1.2.4 The Markov Property and the Transition PDF |
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17 | (8) |
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1.2.5 Quadratic Variation and Nondifferentiability of Paths |
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25 | (3) |
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1.3 Some Processes Derived from Brownian Motion |
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28 | (9) |
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1.3.1 Drifted Brownian Motion |
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28 | (1) |
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1.3.2 Geometric Brownian Motion |
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29 | (2) |
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1.3.3 Processes related by a monotonic mapping |
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31 | (1) |
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32 | (3) |
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35 | (2) |
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1.4 First Hitting Times and Maximum and Minimum of Brownian Motion |
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37 | (17) |
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1.4.1 The Reflection Principle: Standard Brownian Motion |
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37 | (8) |
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1.4.2 Translated and Scaled Driftless Brownian Motion |
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45 | (2) |
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1.4.3 Brownian Motion with Drift |
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47 | (7) |
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54 | (5) |
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2 Introduction to Continuous-Time Stochastic Calculus |
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59 | (110) |
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2.1 The Riemann Integral of Brownian Motion |
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59 | (3) |
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2.1.1 The Riemann Integral |
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59 | (1) |
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2.1.2 The Integral of a Brownian Path |
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59 | (3) |
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2.2 The Riemann-Stieltjes Integral of Brownian Motion |
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62 | (4) |
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2.2.1 The Riemann-Stieltjes Integral |
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62 | (2) |
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2.2.2 Integrals w.r.t. Brownian Motion: Preliminary Discussion |
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64 | (2) |
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2.3 The Ito Integral and Its Basic Properties |
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66 | (17) |
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2.3.1 The Ito Integral for Simple Processes |
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66 | (8) |
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2.3.2 The Ito Integral for General Processes |
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74 | (9) |
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2.4 Ito Processes and Their Properties |
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83 | (7) |
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2.4.1 Gaussian Processes Generated by Ito Integrals |
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83 | (1) |
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84 | (2) |
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2.4.3 Quadratic and Co-Variation of Ito Processes |
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86 | (4) |
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2.5 Ito's Formula for Functions of BM and Ito Processes |
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90 | (8) |
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2.5.1 Ito's Formula for Functions of BM |
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90 | (3) |
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2.5.2 An "Antiderivative" Formula for Evaluating Ito Integrals |
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93 | (2) |
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2.5.3 Ito's Formula for Ito Processes |
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95 | (3) |
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2.6 Stochastic Differential Equations |
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98 | (9) |
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2.6.1 Solutions to Linear SDEs |
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99 | (7) |
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2.6.2 Existence and Uniqueness of a Strong Solution to an SDE |
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106 | (1) |
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2.7 The Markov Property, Martingales, Feynman-Kac Formulae, and Transition CDFs and PDFs |
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107 | (17) |
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2.7.1 Forward Kolmogorov PDE |
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121 | (2) |
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2.7.2 Transition CDF/PDF for Time-Homogeneous Diffusions |
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123 | (1) |
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2.8 Radon-Nikodym Derivative Process and Girsanov's Theorem |
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124 | (10) |
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2.8.1 Some Applications of Girsanov's Theorem |
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130 | (4) |
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2.9 Brownian Martingale Representation Theorem |
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134 | (1) |
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2.10 Stochastic Calculus for Multidimensional BM |
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135 | (25) |
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2.10.1 The ltd Integral and Ito's Formula for Multiple Processes on Multidimensional BM |
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135 | (12) |
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2.10.2 Multidimensional SDEs, Feynman-Kac Formulae, and Transition CDFs and PDFs |
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147 | (10) |
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2.10.3 Girsanov's Theorem for Multidimensional BM |
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157 | (3) |
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2.10.4 Martingale Representation Theorem for Multidimensional BM |
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160 | (1) |
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160 | (9) |
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II Continuous-Time Modelling |
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169 | (246) |
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3 Risk-Neutral Pricing in the (B, S) Economy: One Underlying Stock |
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171 | (90) |
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3.1 From the CRR Model to the BSM Model |
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172 | (8) |
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3.1.1 Portfolio Strategies in the Binomial Tree Model |
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174 | (3) |
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3.1.2 The Cox-Ross-Rubinstein Model and its Continuous-Time Limit |
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177 | (3) |
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3.2 Replication (Hedging) and Derivative Pricing in the Simplest Black-Scholes Economy |
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180 | (36) |
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3.2.1 Pricing Standard European Calls and Puts |
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187 | (3) |
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3.2.2 Hedging Standard European Calls and Puts |
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190 | (6) |
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3.2.3 Europeans with Piecewise Linear Payoffs |
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196 | (5) |
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201 | (3) |
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3.2.5 Dividend Paying Stock |
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204 | (7) |
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3.2.6 Option Pricing with the Stock Numeraire |
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211 | (5) |
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3.3 Forward Starting, Chooser, and Compound Options |
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216 | (9) |
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3.4 Some European-Style Path-Dependent Derivatives |
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225 | (20) |
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3.4.1 Risk-Neutral Pricing under GBM |
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228 | (4) |
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3.4.2 Pricing Single Barrier Options |
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232 | (6) |
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3.4.3 Pricing Lookback Options |
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238 | (7) |
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3.5 Structural Credit Risk Models |
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245 | (4) |
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246 | (1) |
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3.5.2 The Black-Cox Model |
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247 | (2) |
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249 | (12) |
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4 Risk-Neutral Pricing in a Multi-Asset Economy |
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261 | (46) |
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4.1 General Multi-Asset Market Model: Replication and Risk-Neutral Pricing |
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262 | (7) |
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4.2 Equivalent Martingale Measures: Derivative Pricing with General Numeraire Assets |
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269 | (5) |
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4.3 Black-Scholes PDE and Delta Hedging for Standard Multi-Asset Derivatives |
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274 | (26) |
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4.3.1 Standard European Option Pricing for Multi-Stock GBM |
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277 | (3) |
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4.3.2 Explicit Pricing Formulae for the GBM Model |
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280 | (9) |
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4.3.3 Cross-Currency Option Valuation |
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289 | (6) |
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4.3.4 Option Valuation with General Numeraire Assets |
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295 | (5) |
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300 | (7) |
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307 | (24) |
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5.1 Basic Properties of Early-Exercise Options |
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307 | (4) |
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5.2 Arbitrage-Free Pricing of American Options |
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311 | (7) |
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5.2.1 Optimal Stopping Formulation and Early-Exercise Boundary |
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311 | (3) |
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5.2.2 The Smooth Pasting Condition |
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314 | (2) |
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5.2.3 Put-Call Symmetry Relation |
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316 | (1) |
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5.2.4 Dynamic Programming Approach for Bermudan Options |
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317 | (1) |
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5.3 Perpetual American Options |
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318 | (4) |
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5.3.1 Pricing a Perpetual Put Option |
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319 | (2) |
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5.3.2 Pricing a Perpetual Call Option |
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321 | (1) |
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5.4 Finite-Expiration American Options |
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322 | (5) |
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5.4.1 The PDE Formulation |
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322 | (3) |
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5.4.2 The Integral Equation Formulation |
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325 | (2) |
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327 | (4) |
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6 Interest-Rate Modelling and Derivative Pricing |
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331 | (40) |
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6.1 Basic Fixed Income Instruments |
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331 | (5) |
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331 | (1) |
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332 | (1) |
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6.1.3 Arbitrage-Free Pricing |
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333 | (1) |
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6.1.4 Fixed Income Derivatives |
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334 | (2) |
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336 | (10) |
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6.2.1 Diffusion Models for the Short Rate Process |
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337 | (1) |
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6.2.2 PDE for the Zero-Coupon Bond Value |
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338 | (2) |
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6.2.3 Affine Term Structure Models |
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340 | (1) |
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341 | (1) |
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342 | (2) |
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6.2.6 The Cox-Ingersoll-Ross Model |
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344 | (2) |
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6.3 Heath-Jarrow-Morton Formulation |
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346 | (7) |
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6.3.1 HJM under Risk-Neutral Measure |
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347 | (3) |
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6.3.2 Relationship between HJM and Affine Yield Models |
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350 | (3) |
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6.4 Multifactor Affine Term Structure Models |
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353 | (3) |
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6.4.1 Gaussian Multifactor Models |
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354 | (1) |
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6.4.2 Equivalent Classes of Affine Models |
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355 | (1) |
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6.5 Pricing Derivatives under Forward Measures |
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356 | (7) |
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356 | (2) |
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6.5.2 Pricing Stock Options under Stochastic Interest Rates |
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358 | (2) |
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6.5.3 Pricing Options on Zero-Coupon Bonds |
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360 | (3) |
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363 | (4) |
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363 | (1) |
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6.6.2 The Brace-Gatarek-Musiela Model of LIBOR Rates |
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364 | (1) |
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6.6.3 Pricing Caplets, Caps, and Swaps |
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365 | (2) |
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367 | (4) |
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7 Alternative Models of Asset Price Dynamics |
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371 | (44) |
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7.1 Characteristic Functions |
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371 | (8) |
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7.1.1 Definition and Properties |
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371 | (4) |
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7.1.2 Recovering the Distribution Function |
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375 | (1) |
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7.1.3 Pricing Standard European Options |
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375 | (3) |
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7.1.4 The Carr-Madan Method for Pricing Vanilla Options |
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378 | (1) |
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7.2 Stochastic Volatility Diffusion Models |
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379 | (8) |
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7.2.1 Local Volatility Models |
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379 | (3) |
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7.2.2 Constant Elasticity of Variance Model |
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382 | (5) |
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387 | (7) |
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7.3.1 Solution to the Ricatti Equation |
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391 | (2) |
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7.3.2 Implied Volatility for the Heston Model |
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393 | (1) |
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394 | (16) |
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7.4.1 The Poisson Process |
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394 | (4) |
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7.4.2 Jump Diffusion Models with a Compound Poisson Component |
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398 | (4) |
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7.4.3 The Merton Jump Diffusion Model |
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402 | (1) |
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7.4.4 Characteristic Function for a Jump Diffusion Process |
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403 | (2) |
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7.4.5 Change of Measure for Jump Diffusion Processes |
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405 | (4) |
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7.4.6 The Variance Gamma Model |
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409 | (1) |
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410 | (5) |
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A Essentials of General Probability Theory |
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415 | (34) |
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A.1 Random Variables and Lebesgue Integration |
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415 | (14) |
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A.2 Multidimensional Lebesgue Integration |
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429 | (2) |
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A.3 Multiple Random Variables and Joint Distributions |
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431 | (10) |
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441 | (5) |
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A.5 Changing Probability Measures |
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446 | (3) |
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B Some Useful Integral (Expectation) Identities and Symmetry Properties of Normal Random Variables |
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449 | (4) |
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C Answers and Hints to Exercises |
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453 | (26) |
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453 | (3) |
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456 | (3) |
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459 | (9) |
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468 | (6) |
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474 | (2) |
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476 | (2) |
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478 | (1) |
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D Glossary of Symbols and Abbreviations |
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479 | (6) |
| References |
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485 | (4) |
| Index |
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489 | |