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Finnish: An Essential Grammar 2nd New edition [Pehme köide]

(University of Helsinki, Finland)
  • Formaat: Paperback / softback, 416 pages, kõrgus x laius: 234x156 mm, kaal: 726 g
  • Sari: Routledge Essential Grammars
  • Ilmumisaeg: 28-Nov-2007
  • Kirjastus: Routledge
  • ISBN-10: 0415439140
  • ISBN-13: 9780415439145
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  • Pehme köide
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  • Formaat: Paperback / softback, 416 pages, kõrgus x laius: 234x156 mm, kaal: 726 g
  • Sari: Routledge Essential Grammars
  • Ilmumisaeg: 28-Nov-2007
  • Kirjastus: Routledge
  • ISBN-10: 0415439140
  • ISBN-13: 9780415439145
Teised raamatud teemal:
This second edition of Finnish: An Essential Grammar has undergone profound revisions. The chapter on basic sentence structure has been rewritten and syntax has been given more space. Sections have been added on phrase types, simple clause types, and types of complex sentences. A section on discourse particles has been added. The vocabulary of the copious example sentences has been updated to give it a touch of the twenty-first century.



The section on modern colloquial Finnish has been considerably expanded. Internet addresses helpful for any learner of Finnish are provided which make is possible to automatically analyse the grammatical structure of any Finnish words and sentences.









It gives not only a systematic account of the structures of the written language, but also features the characteristics of colloquial Finnish. No prior knowledge is assumed on the part of the reader and grammatical rules are clearly explained without jargon.









Features include:







pronunciation guide, including the tendencies in present-day colloquial Finnish thorough descriptions of morphology (word structure) and syntax (sentence structure) clear rules and an abundance of concrete examples inflection tables subject index internet addresses to online software for grammatical analysis of Finnish.



This is the ideal reference source both for those studying Finnish independently and for students in schools, colleges, universities and adult classes of all types.
Preface xi
Abbreviations xiii
Introduction
1(10)
The relation of Finnish to other languages
1(1)
Finnish past and present
2(3)
The basic characteristics of Finnish
5(3)
What are the special difficulties?
8(3)
Pronunciation and sound structure
11(12)
Letters and sounds
11(1)
Vowels and consonants
12(3)
Short and long sounds
15(2)
Diphthongs
17(1)
Syllables
18(1)
Stress and intonation
18(2)
Vowel harmony
20(3)
Word structure
23(15)
Nominals and their endings
23(6)
Finite verb forms and their endings
29(4)
Non-finite verb forms and their endings
33(5)
Two important sound alternations
38(23)
Consonant gradation (p, t, k)
38(15)
The types of consonant gradation
38(2)
The rules of consonant gradation
40(2)
Applying the basic rule to nominals
42(4)
Applying the rules to verbs
46(4)
More examples of types of consonant gradation
50(2)
Additional comments
52(1)
Vowel changes before -i endings
53(8)
The declension of nominals
61(22)
General
61(2)
Nominals with a basic form in -i
63(5)
Tunti nominals
63(1)
Kivi nominals
64(2)
Kieli nominals
66(1)
Vesi nominals
67(1)
Nominals with a basic form in -e
68(3)
Nominals with a basic form in -a, -a
71(1)
Nominals with a basic form ending in a consonant
72(7)
Ihminen nominals
72(1)
Ajatus nominals
73(2)
Taivas nominals
75(1)
Hyvyys nominals
76(1)
Avain nominals
77(1)
Tyoton nominals
77(1)
Askel nominals
78(1)
Lyhyt nominals
78(1)
Singular and plural
79(4)
The conjugation of verbs
83(12)
Infinitive endings
84(2)
Inflectional stems
86(5)
Anta/a verbs
86(1)
Huomat/a verbs
87(1)
Saa/da verbs
88(1)
Tul/la and nous/ta verbs
89(1)
Tarvit/a verbs
90(1)
Lammet/a verbs
91(1)
Present tense personal endings and agreement of person
91(4)
Sentence structure
95(24)
Phrase types
95(8)
The noun phrase and agreement of case and number
95(6)
The adjective phrase
101(1)
The numeral phrase
102(1)
Other phrase types
103(1)
Simple clause types
103(5)
Negative sentences
108(2)
Questions and answers
110(5)
Questions with -ko ~ -ko ('yes/no' questions)
110(3)
Question-word questions ('wh-' questions)
113(2)
Types of complex sentences
115(4)
The nominative case and the partitive case
119(24)
Formation and use of the nominative
119(4)
Formation of the partitive
123(8)
Partitive singular
123(3)
Partitive plural
126(5)
Use of the partitive
131(12)
Partitive subject
131(3)
Partitive object
134(4)
Partitive predicate complement
138(2)
The partitive in expressions of quantity
140(2)
The partitive with pre- and postpositions
142(1)
The genitive case, possessive suffixes and the accusative case
143(22)
Formation of the genitive
143(8)
Genitive singular
143(2)
Genitive plural
145(6)
Use of the genitive
151(2)
Possessive suffixes
153(5)
What is the accusative?
158(1)
The accusative endings
159(5)
Quantity adverbs taking an object case
164(1)
The six local cases
165(20)
General
165(1)
Inessive
166(2)
Elative
168(3)
Illative
171(4)
Adessive
175(3)
Ablative
178(2)
Allative
180(2)
Directional verbs
182(1)
Place names
183(2)
Other cases
185(7)
Essive
185(2)
Translative
187(3)
Abessive, comitative and instructive
190(2)
Numerals
192(10)
Cardinal numbers
192(6)
Inflection of cardinal numbers
192(3)
Use of cardinal numbers
195(3)
Ordinal numbers
198(4)
Pronouns
202(20)
Personal pronouns
203(1)
Demonstrative pronouns
204(3)
Interrogative pronouns
207(3)
Indefinite pronouns
210(10)
Relative pronouns
220(2)
Tenses
222(14)
Present tense
222(1)
Past tense
223(4)
Perfect tense
227(4)
Pluperfect tense
231(1)
Negative forms
231(5)
Moods
236(13)
Indicative
236(1)
Conditional
237(3)
Imperative
240(6)
Potential
246(3)
The passive
249(14)
General
249(1)
Passive present
250(4)
Passive past
254(2)
Passive perfect and pluperfect
256(4)
Passive moods
260(3)
Infinitives
263(15)
General
263(1)
First infinitive (A infinitive)
264(2)
Basic form of the first infinitive
264(1)
First infinitive translative
265(1)
Second infinitive (E infinitive)
266(5)
Second infinitive inessive
266(5)
Second infinitive instructive
271(1)
Third infinitive (MA infinitive)
271(5)
Formation
271(2)
Third infinitive inessive
273(1)
Third infinitive elative
273(1)
Third infinitive illative
274(1)
Third infinitive adessive, abessive and instructive
275(1)
Fourth infinitive
276(2)
Participles
278(22)
General
278(2)
Present participle active
280(1)
Present participle passive
281(3)
The past participles
284(2)
The participial construction
286(8)
The temporal construction
294(3)
The agent construction
297(3)
Comparison of adjectives
300(8)
Comparative
300(3)
Superlative
303(5)
Other word classes
308(20)
Adverbs
308(5)
Prepositions
313(1)
Postpositions
314(6)
Conjunctions
320(3)
Enclitic particles
323(3)
Discourse particles
326(2)
Word formation
328(18)
General
328(2)
Derivation
330(12)
Nominal suffixes
330(8)
Verbal suffixes
338(4)
Compounding
342(4)
The colloquial spoken language
346(11)
General
346(1)
Omission and assimilation of sounds
347(5)
Differences of form
352(5)
Appendix 1: Inflection tables 357(35)
Appendix 2: Material for studying Finnish as a foreign language 392(3)
Appendix 3: Relevant Internet addresses 395(2)
Index 397