Preface |
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xi | |
Abbreviations |
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xiii | |
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1 | (10) |
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The relation of Finnish to other languages |
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1 | (1) |
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2 | (3) |
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The basic characteristics of Finnish |
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5 | (3) |
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What are the special difficulties? |
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8 | (3) |
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Pronunciation and sound structure |
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11 | (12) |
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11 | (1) |
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12 | (3) |
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15 | (2) |
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17 | (1) |
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18 | (1) |
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18 | (2) |
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20 | (3) |
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23 | (15) |
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Nominals and their endings |
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23 | (6) |
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Finite verb forms and their endings |
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29 | (4) |
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Non-finite verb forms and their endings |
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33 | (5) |
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Two important sound alternations |
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38 | (23) |
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Consonant gradation (p, t, k) |
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38 | (15) |
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The types of consonant gradation |
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38 | (2) |
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The rules of consonant gradation |
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40 | (2) |
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Applying the basic rule to nominals |
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42 | (4) |
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Applying the rules to verbs |
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46 | (4) |
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More examples of types of consonant gradation |
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50 | (2) |
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52 | (1) |
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Vowel changes before -i endings |
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53 | (8) |
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The declension of nominals |
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61 | (22) |
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61 | (2) |
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Nominals with a basic form in -i |
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63 | (5) |
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63 | (1) |
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64 | (2) |
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66 | (1) |
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67 | (1) |
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Nominals with a basic form in -e |
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68 | (3) |
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Nominals with a basic form in -a, -a |
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71 | (1) |
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Nominals with a basic form ending in a consonant |
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72 | (7) |
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72 | (1) |
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73 | (2) |
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75 | (1) |
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76 | (1) |
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77 | (1) |
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77 | (1) |
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78 | (1) |
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78 | (1) |
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79 | (4) |
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83 | (12) |
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84 | (2) |
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86 | (5) |
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86 | (1) |
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87 | (1) |
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88 | (1) |
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89 | (1) |
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90 | (1) |
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91 | (1) |
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Present tense personal endings and agreement of person |
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91 | (4) |
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95 | (24) |
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95 | (8) |
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The noun phrase and agreement of case and number |
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95 | (6) |
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101 | (1) |
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102 | (1) |
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103 | (1) |
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103 | (5) |
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108 | (2) |
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110 | (5) |
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Questions with -ko ~ -ko ('yes/no' questions) |
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110 | (3) |
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Question-word questions ('wh-' questions) |
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113 | (2) |
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Types of complex sentences |
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115 | (4) |
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The nominative case and the partitive case |
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119 | (24) |
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Formation and use of the nominative |
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119 | (4) |
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Formation of the partitive |
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123 | (8) |
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123 | (3) |
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126 | (5) |
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131 | (12) |
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131 | (3) |
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134 | (4) |
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Partitive predicate complement |
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138 | (2) |
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The partitive in expressions of quantity |
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140 | (2) |
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The partitive with pre- and postpositions |
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142 | (1) |
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The genitive case, possessive suffixes and the accusative case |
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143 | (22) |
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Formation of the genitive |
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143 | (8) |
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143 | (2) |
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145 | (6) |
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151 | (2) |
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153 | (5) |
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158 | (1) |
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159 | (5) |
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Quantity adverbs taking an object case |
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164 | (1) |
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165 | (20) |
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165 | (1) |
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166 | (2) |
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168 | (3) |
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171 | (4) |
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175 | (3) |
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178 | (2) |
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180 | (2) |
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182 | (1) |
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183 | (2) |
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185 | (7) |
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185 | (2) |
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187 | (3) |
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Abessive, comitative and instructive |
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190 | (2) |
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192 | (10) |
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192 | (6) |
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Inflection of cardinal numbers |
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192 | (3) |
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195 | (3) |
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198 | (4) |
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202 | (20) |
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203 | (1) |
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204 | (3) |
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207 | (3) |
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210 | (10) |
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220 | (2) |
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222 | (14) |
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222 | (1) |
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223 | (4) |
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227 | (4) |
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231 | (1) |
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231 | (5) |
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236 | (13) |
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236 | (1) |
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237 | (3) |
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240 | (6) |
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246 | (3) |
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249 | (14) |
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249 | (1) |
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250 | (4) |
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254 | (2) |
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Passive perfect and pluperfect |
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256 | (4) |
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260 | (3) |
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263 | (15) |
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263 | (1) |
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First infinitive (A infinitive) |
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264 | (2) |
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Basic form of the first infinitive |
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264 | (1) |
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First infinitive translative |
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265 | (1) |
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Second infinitive (E infinitive) |
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266 | (5) |
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Second infinitive inessive |
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266 | (5) |
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Second infinitive instructive |
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271 | (1) |
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Third infinitive (MA infinitive) |
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271 | (5) |
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271 | (2) |
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Third infinitive inessive |
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273 | (1) |
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273 | (1) |
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Third infinitive illative |
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274 | (1) |
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Third infinitive adessive, abessive and instructive |
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275 | (1) |
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276 | (2) |
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278 | (22) |
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278 | (2) |
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Present participle active |
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280 | (1) |
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Present participle passive |
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281 | (3) |
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284 | (2) |
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The participial construction |
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286 | (8) |
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The temporal construction |
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294 | (3) |
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297 | (3) |
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300 | (8) |
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300 | (3) |
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303 | (5) |
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308 | (20) |
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308 | (5) |
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313 | (1) |
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314 | (6) |
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320 | (3) |
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323 | (3) |
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326 | (2) |
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328 | (18) |
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328 | (2) |
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330 | (12) |
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330 | (8) |
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338 | (4) |
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342 | (4) |
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The colloquial spoken language |
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346 | (11) |
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346 | (1) |
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Omission and assimilation of sounds |
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347 | (5) |
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352 | (5) |
Appendix 1: Inflection tables |
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357 | (35) |
Appendix 2: Material for studying Finnish as a foreign language |
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392 | (3) |
Appendix 3: Relevant Internet addresses |
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395 | (2) |
Index |
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397 | |