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Fire Investigator: Principles and Practice 6th New edition [Pehme köide]

  • Formaat: Paperback / softback, 480 pages, kaal: 964 g
  • Ilmumisaeg: 13-May-2022
  • Kirjastus: Jones and Bartlett Publishers, Inc
  • ISBN-10: 1284247058
  • ISBN-13: 9781284247053
Teised raamatud teemal:
Fire Investigator: Principles and Practice 6th New editionSuurem pilt
  • Formaat: Paperback / softback, 480 pages, kaal: 964 g
  • Ilmumisaeg: 13-May-2022
  • Kirjastus: Jones and Bartlett Publishers, Inc
  • ISBN-10: 1284247058
  • ISBN-13: 9781284247053
Teised raamatud teemal:
Püsilink: https://www.kriso.ee/db/9781284247053.html
Märksõnad:
The National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) and the International Association of Arson Investigators (IAAI) are pleased to bring you Fire Investigator: Principles and Practice, Sixth Edition, the next evolution in fire investigator training. Covering the entire spectrum of the 2020 Edition of NFPA 921: Guide for Fire and Explosion Investigation and 2021 Edition of NFPA 1033: Standard for Professional Qualifications for Fire Investigator, the Sixth Edition offers a comprehensive introduction to the knowledge and skills needed to be an effective fire investigator. The textbook opens with details on how to use available investigation resources and the basics of fire science and investigation methodology, then evolves to discuss processes and special considerations for investigating specific types of fires and explosions. This progression helps readers understand complex intricate subject matter as theyand advance from basic technical knowledge to high-level analysis and be able to understand and understanding of complex fire events. Fire Investigator: Principles and Practice, Sixth Edition enhancements: Re-organized and consolidated content now delivered in only 18 chapters to better align to common course lengths Updated and expanded coverage of critical topics like fire investigator ethics, scene safety, legal issues, and scientific method analysis New cNew coverage of topics includinglike conducting research onlineonline research, controlled demolition approaches, use of canines, documentation ofing wildland fires, and more New cases, exercises, and thought-provoking questions to stimulate critical thinking Learn more in this interview with expert George Codding: https://www.psglearning.com/blog/videos/2022/09/22/webinar-recording-fire-investigator-6e-overview-and-q-a-with-george-codding
Acknowledgments xvii
Chapter 1 Introduction to Fire Investigation
1(18)
Introduction
2(1)
Becoming a Fire Investigator
2(3)
Qualifications
3(1)
Knowledge
3(1)
Continuing Education and Training
4(1)
Certification
4(1)
Ethics
4(1)
Types and Roles of Fire Investigators
4(1)
The National Fire Protection Association
5(3)
Public Input to NFPA Documents
5(1)
Revision Cycles
6(1)
Sequence of Events in Standards Development
7(1)
Corrections to Documents
7(1)
Types of NFPA Documents
8(1)
NFPA 1033 and NFPA 921 Overview
8(2)
NFPA 1033
8(1)
NFPA 921
8(1)
JPRs and Their Application
9(1)
The Methodology of Fire Investigation
10(1)
Scientific Method
10(1)
Fire Investigation and the Scientific Method
10(4)
Step 1 Recognize the Need to Use the Scientific Method
10(1)
Step 2 Define the Problem
11(1)
Step 3 Collect Data
11(1)
Step 4 Analyze the Data
11(1)
Step 5 Develop Hypotheses
12(1)
Step 6 Test the Hypotheses
12(2)
Step 7 Select the Final Hypothesis
14(1)
Negative Corpus
14(1)
The Basic Methods of Fire Investigation
14(1)
Reviewing the Procedure
15(4)
Chapter 2 Fire Science for Fire Investigators
19(22)
Introduction
20(1)
Fire Chemistry
20(2)
Fuel
21(1)
Oxidizing Agent
21(1)
Heat
21(1)
Uninhibited Chemical Chain Reaction
21(1)
Phase Changes and Thermal Decomposition
21(1)
Combustion: Premixed and Diffusion Flames
22(1)
Products of Combustion
22(1)
Smoke and Flame Color
22(1)
Fire Dynamics
22(4)
Fluid Flows
22(1)
Heat Transfer
23(1)
Thermometry
24(2)
Fuel Items and Fuel Packages
26(3)
Heat Release Rate
27(1)
Flame Height and Heat Release Rate
27(2)
Ignition
29(4)
Ignition of Flammable Gases
30(1)
Ignition of Liquids
30(1)
Ignition of Solids
31(2)
Flame Spread
33(1)
Role of Melting and Dripping in Flame Spread
33(1)
Role of External Heating on Flame Spread
33(1)
Compartment Fire Spread
33(8)
Fuel-Controlled Fire
33(1)
Flashover
34(1)
Ventilation-Controlled Burning
34(7)
Chapter 3 Building Construction and Systems for Fire Investigators
41(54)
Introduction
42(1)
Building Systems Overview
42(1)
Design, Construction, and Structural Elements
43(3)
Building Design
43(2)
Building Materials
45(1)
Occupancy
46(1)
Types of Building Construction
46(6)
Ordinary Construction
46(1)
Wood-Frame Construction
46(5)
Noncombustible Construction
51(1)
Construction Assemblies
52(2)
Floor, Ceiling, and Roof Assemblies
52(1)
Walls
52(1)
Doors
53(1)
Concealed Spaces
54(1)
Construction Materials
54(1)
Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning Overview
54(1)
Heating Systems
54(2)
Components of Heating Systems
54(1)
Installation, Use, and Maintenance
55(1)
Heating Systems as Potential Causes of Fire
55(1)
Air Conditioning and Air Handling
56(1)
Components
56(1)
Investigation
56(1)
Passive Fire Protection Systems
56(2)
Design and Installation Parameters of the System
57(1)
Examination at Fire Scene
57(1)
Documentation and Data Collection
58(1)
Code Analysis
58(1)
Design Analysis
58(1)
Testing and Maintenance
58(1)
Active Fire Protection Systems
58(11)
Fire Alarm Systems
58(1)
System Components
59(1)
General System Operation
59(1)
Key Components of Systems
59(1)
Power Supplies
60(1)
Initiating Devices
60(1)
Smoke Detection
60(1)
Smoke Detectors Versus Smoke Alarms
61(1)
Ionization Smoke Detectors
61(3)
Heat Detection
64(1)
Radiant Energy-Sensing Fire Detection
65(1)
Other Types of Detectors
65(1)
Notification Appliances
66(1)
Operation and Installation Parameters of the System
66(2)
Postfire Analysis of Fire Alarm Systems
68(1)
Fire Alarm Effectiveness
69(1)
Impact on Human Behavior
69(1)
Water-Based Fire Suppression Systems
69(10)
Purpose of Systems
69(1)
General System Operation
69(1)
Types of Water-Based Systems
69(4)
Key Components of Water-Based Systems
73(3)
Operation and Installation Parameters of the System
76(3)
Non-Water-Based Fire Suppression Systems
79(5)
General Information
79(1)
Suppression Agents
80(2)
Key System Components
82(1)
Operation and Installation Parameters of the System
83(1)
Analysis of Suppression Systems
84(4)
System Documentation
84(1)
Codes and Standards for Fire Suppression Systems
84(1)
Design Analysis
84(1)
Hazard Protection
85(1)
Placement
86(1)
Capacity
86(1)
Coverage
86(1)
Installation
87(1)
System Performance
88(1)
Testing and Maintenance
88(1)
Impact on Human Behavior
88(1)
Building Electrical and Gas Systems
88(7)
Chapter 4 Fire Effects and Patterns
95(28)
Introduction
96(1)
Fire Effects
96(9)
Mass Loss
97(1)
Char
98(1)
Spalling
99(1)
Oxidation
100(1)
Color Changes
100(1)
Melting
100(1)
Alloying of Metals
101(1)
Thermal Expansion and Deformation
101(1)
Smoke Deposits
102(1)
Clean Burn
102(1)
Calcination
103(1)
Glass Effects
103(1)
Furniture Springs
104(1)
Rainbow Effect
104(1)
Fire Victims' Injuries
105(1)
Fire Patterns
105(3)
Introduction
105(1)
Lines and Areas of Demarcation
105(1)
Plume-Generated Patterns
106(1)
Ventilation-Generated Patterns
106(1)
Hot Gas Layer-Generated Patterns
107(1)
Patterns Generated by Full-Room Involvement
107(1)
Suppression-Generated Patterns
108(1)
Pattern Location
108(2)
Walls and Ceilings
108(1)
Floors and Other Horizontal Surfaces
109(1)
Remote Fire Patterns
109(1)
Pattern Geometry
110(5)
V- and U-Shaped Patterns
110(1)
Inverted Cone Patterns
111(1)
Hourglass Patterns
111(1)
Truncated Cone Patterns
111(1)
Pointer and Arrow Patterns
112(1)
Circular Patterns
113(1)
Doughnut-Shaped Patterns
113(1)
Saddle Burns
113(1)
Linear Patterns
113(1)
Area Patterns
114(1)
Patterns in Flashover
114(1)
Heat Shadowing
114(1)
Protected Areas
114(1)
Irregular Patterns
114(1)
Fire Pattern Analysis
115(8)
Heat (Intensity) Patterns
115(1)
Fire Spread (Movement) Patterns
115(1)
Effects of Fuel Packages in Pattern Interpretation
115(1)
Arc Mapping
116(7)
Chapter 5 Legal Considerations for Fire Investigators
123(26)
Introduction
124(1)
Role of NFPA 921 and 1033
124(1)
Authority to Conduct the Investigation
124(1)
Licensing Requirements
125(1)
Right of Entry
125(3)
Public-Sector Investigators' Right of Entry
125(2)
Private Investigators' Right of Entry
127(1)
Witness Interviews and Right to Counsel
128(1)
The Fifth Amendment and Miranda Warnings
128(1)
The Sixth Amendment
129(1)
Arrests and Detentions
129(1)
Arrests
129(1)
Detentions
129(1)
Spoliation of Evidence
130(2)
Court Sanctions for Spoliation
130(1)
Avoiding Claims of Spoliation
130(2)
Demolition
132(1)
Public-Private Sector Relations
132(1)
Immunity Reporting Acts
132(1)
Evidence and Testimony
132(7)
Real or Physical Evidence
133(1)
Demonstrative Evidence
133(1)
Documentary Evidence
134(1)
Testimonial Evidence
134(1)
Witnesses
135(4)
Arson
139(1)
Circumstantial Evidence
139(1)
Other Fire-Related Criminal Acts
140(1)
Burden of Proof
140(1)
Prosecuting Attorney Relations and Brady Materials
140(1)
Civil Law and Litigation
141(3)
Discovery in Civil Cases
141(1)
Civil Litigation Involving Fire Investigators
142(1)
Civil Causes of Action
142(2)
Fire Investigator Presentation in Court
144(5)
Reports
144(1)
Deposition Testimony
145(1)
Testifying in Court
145(4)
Chapter 6 Safety
149(20)
Introduction
150(1)
Responsibility for Safety at a Fire Scene
150(2)
Investigating the Scene Alone
151(1)
Safeguarding Technical Personnel, Assistants, and Trainees
151(1)
Safeguarding Bystanders
151(1)
Entry Control
151(1)
Collapse Zones
152(1)
Hazard and Risk Assessment
152(1)
Identify the Hazards
152(1)
Determine the Risk Presented by the Hazards
152(1)
Control the Hazards
152(1)
Factors Influencing Scene Safety
153(3)
Status of Suppression
153(1)
Structural Stability
153(1)
Utilities
154(1)
Electrical Hazards
155(1)
Criminal Acts or Acts of Terrorism
156(1)
Secondary Devices
156(1)
Residue Chemicals
156(1)
Biological and Radiological Terrorism
156(1)
Safety Clothing and Equipment
156(3)
The Helmet
157(1)
Protective Clothing
157(1)
Respiratory Protection
157(2)
Eye Protection
159(1)
Foot Protection
159(1)
Gloves
159(1)
Safety Equipment
159(1)
Personal Health and Safety
159(3)
Respiratory and Absorption Hazards
160(1)
Biological Hazards
161(1)
Radiological Hazards
161(1)
Physical Hazards
161(1)
Asbestos and Hazardous Materials
161(1)
Human and Animal Threats
162(1)
Investigator Fatigue
162(1)
Post-Scene Hazards
162(1)
Exposure to Tools and Equipment
162(1)
The Fire Investigator Within the Incident Command System
162(2)
Occupational Safety and Health Administration
164(5)
29 CFR 1910.120, HAZWOPER
165(1)
29 CFR 1910.146, Permit-Required Confined Spaces
165(1)
29 CFR 1910.147, Control of Hazardous Energy (Lockout/Tagout)
165(4)
Chapter 7 Building Electrical and Fuel Gas Systems
169(50)
Introduction
170(1)
Basic Electricity
171(6)
Ohm's Law
171(1)
Power
172(1)
Relationship Among Voltage, Current, Resistance, and Power
173(1)
Overload Situations
173(1)
Wire Gauge
174(1)
Ampacity
174(1)
Alternating Current and Direct Current
174(2)
Single-Phase Service
176(1)
Three-Phase System
176(1)
Building Electrical Systems
177(8)
Service Entrance (Meter and Base)
177(1)
Grounding
178(1)
Overcurrent Protection
179(2)
Circuit Breaker Panels
181(1)
Branch Circuits
182(1)
Conductors
182(2)
Outlets and Special Fixtures/Devices
184(1)
Ignition by Electrical Energy and Electrical Failure Modes
185(4)
Heat-Producing Devices
186(1)
Poor Connections and Resistance Heating
186(1)
Overcurrent
186(2)
Arcs
188(1)
Sparks
189(1)
High-Resistance Faults
189(1)
Floating Neutral
189(1)
Interpreting Damage to Electrical Systems
189(8)
Investigation Steps
190(1)
Short Circuit and Ground-Fault Parting Arcs
190(1)
Arcing Through Char
190(2)
Overheating Connections
192(1)
Overload
192(1)
Melting by Electrical Arcing
193(1)
Melting by Fire
194(1)
Mechanical Gouges
195(1)
Considerations and Cautions
195(1)
Arc Mapping
196(1)
Static Electricity
197(2)
Controlling Accumulations of Static Electricity
198(1)
Conditions Necessary for Static Arc Ignition
198(1)
Investigating Static Electric Ignitions
198(1)
Lightning
199(1)
Building Fuel Gas Systems
199(1)
Fuel Sources
199(1)
Ignition Sources
200(1)
Gas Systems as Ignition and Fuel Sources
200(1)
Additional Fire Spread
200(1)
Characteristics of Fuel Gases
200(1)
Natural Gas
200(1)
Commercial Propane
200(1)
Other Fuel Gases
201(1)
Odorization
201(1)
Gas Systems
201(3)
Natural Gas Systems
202(1)
Container Appurtenances
203(1)
Common Fuel Gas System Components
204(2)
Pressure Regulation (Reduction)
204(1)
Service Piping Systems
205(1)
Valves
205(1)
Gas Burners
206(1)
Common Piping in Buildings
206(1)
Joints and Fittings
207(1)
Piping Installation
207(1)
Main Shutoff Valves
207(1)
Prohibited Locations
207(1)
Electrical Bonding and Grounding
207(1)
Common Appliance and Equipment Requirements
207(1)
Appliance Installation
207(1)
Venting and Air Supply
208(1)
Appliance Controls
208(1)
Fuel Gas Utilization Equipment
208(1)
Investigating Fuel Gas Systems
209(10)
Compliance with Codes and Standards
209(1)
Leakage Causes
209(2)
Testing of Gas Systems
211(1)
Locating Leaks
211(1)
Testing Flow Rates and Pressures
212(7)
Chapter 8 Examining the Fire Scene
219(20)
Introduction
220(1)
Planning and Preparation
220(3)
Basic Incident Information
220(1)
Safety Planning and Preparation
221(1)
Organizing the Investigation Functions
221(1)
Pre-Investigation Team Meeting
222(1)
Tools and Equipment
222(1)
Specialized Personnel and Technical Consultants
222(1)
Management of Documents and Information
223(1)
Initial Assessment and Identifying the Scope of the Fire Scene
224(2)
Initial Scene Assessment
224(1)
Identifying the Scope
225(1)
Securing the Scene
226(1)
Overhaul and Fire Department Operations
226(1)
Entry by Non-investigators
226(1)
Securement Methods
226(1)
Exterior Survey
227(1)
Interior Survey
227(2)
Evaluation of Building Systems in Interior Survey
228(1)
Postfire Alterations
228(1)
Identification and Protection of Evidence
229(3)
Protecting Evidence
229(1)
Roles and Responsibilities of Fire Suppression Personnel
229(2)
Roles and Responsibilities of the Fire Investigator
231(1)
Interpretation of Fire Patterns
232(1)
Debris Removal (Layering) and Fire Scene Reconstruction
232(7)
Debris Removal and Examination
232(1)
Fire Scene Reconstruction
233(6)
Chapter 9 Identification, Collection, and Preservation of Physical Evidence
239(16)
Introduction
240(1)
Identification of Evidence
240(1)
Contamination of Physical Evidence
241(2)
Contamination During Collection
242(1)
Collection of Physical Evidence
243(5)
Documenting the Collection of Physical Evidence
243(1)
Collection of Traditional Forensic Physical Evidence
244(1)
Accelerants
244(1)
Ignitable Liquids
244(4)
Identification of Collected Physical Evidence
248(1)
Transportation and Storage of Physical Evidence
248(1)
Chain of Custody
249(1)
Examination and Testing of Physical Evidence
249(1)
Laboratory Examination and Testing
249(1)
Sufficiency of Samples
250(1)
Comparative Examination and Testing
250(1)
Disposition of Physical Evidence
250(5)
Chapter 10 Data Collection Outside of the Fire Scene
255(18)
Introduction
256(1)
Forms of Information
256(1)
Reliability of Information
256(1)
Interviews
256(3)
Interview Purpose and Preparation
257(1)
Conducting the Interview
257(1)
Documenting the Interview
258(1)
Canvass and Survey Evidence
259(1)
Digital Recordings and Photographs
259(1)
Alarm, Building Systems, and Surveillance Information
260(5)
Postfire Analysis of Fire Alarm Systems
260(2)
Postfire Analysis of Fire Suppression Systems
262(1)
Collecting Documentation of Fire Protection Systems
263(2)
Internet Information
265(1)
Government Sources of Information
265(4)
Legal Considerations
265(1)
Municipal Government
265(1)
County Government
265(2)
State Government
267(1)
Federal Government
267(2)
Private Sources of Information
269(1)
Relationship Between Public Agencies and Insurance Companies
269(2)
Data Analytics
271(2)
Chapter 11 Documenting the Fire Scene
273(18)
Introduction
274(1)
Photography
274(9)
Timing
274(1)
Basics
275(2)
Photo Technique
277(2)
Photo Diagram and Photo Log
279(1)
Video Photography
279(1)
Suggested Activities to Be Documented with Photos and Video
280(2)
Photos Obtained from Witnesses
282(1)
Presentation of Photographs
282(1)
Diagrams and Drawings
283(3)
Types of Drawings
283(1)
Drawing Tools and Equipment
283(2)
Diagram Elements
285(1)
Prepared Design and Construction Drawings
285(1)
Note Taking
286(1)
Reports
286(5)
Chapter 12 Complex Investigations
291(22)
Introduction
292(1)
Site and Scene Safety
292(1)
Managing Investigations with Interested Parties
293(1)
Basic Planning and Protocol
293(6)
Meetings
294(1)
Communication Among Interested Parties
294(1)
Cost Sharing
295(1)
Issues in Site Management
295(2)
Release of Information
297(1)
Site Logistics
297(1)
Public-Sector Considerations in the Complex Investigation
298(1)
Public-Private Coordination
298(1)
Fire and Explosion Deaths and Injuries
299(6)
Fire Suppression
299(1)
Agency Notification
299(1)
Documentation
299(1)
Scene Examination and Evidence
300(1)
Autopsy and Pathological/Toxicological Examination
301(3)
Postmortem Changes
304(1)
Issues for Fire Investigators in Death Investigation
305(2)
Remains and Victim Identification
305(1)
Victim Activity
305(1)
Combustion Products and Their Effects
305(2)
Cause and Manner of Death
307(6)
Fire and Explosion Injuries
307(1)
Examination and Documentation of Injury Event
308(1)
Medical Evidence
308(1)
Access to Medical Evidence
309(1)
Explosion-Related Injuries
309(4)
Chapter 13 Determining the Origin
313(14)
Introduction
314(1)
Overall Methodology
314(4)
Scene Examination and Data Collection
316(2)
Witness Observations and Electronic Data
318(1)
Origin Analysis
318(9)
Fire Pattern Analysis
319(1)
Heat and Flame Vector Analysis
320(1)
Depth of Char Analysis
321(1)
Depth of Calcination Analysis
322(1)
Origin Matrix Analysis
322(1)
Testing the Hypotheses
323(1)
Selecting the Final Hypothesis
324(3)
Chapter 14 Cause Determination
327(32)
Introduction
328(1)
Where the Fire Started
328(2)
Ignition Source
328(1)
First Fuel Ignited
329(1)
Oxidizing Agent
329(1)
Ignition Sequence
329(1)
The Scientific Method in Cause Determination
330(3)
Data Collection
331(1)
Data Analysis
331(1)
Testing of Hypotheses
332(1)
Selection of the Final Hypothesis
333(1)
Classification of Fire Cause
333(1)
Electrical Fire Causes
334(2)
Examination Procedure
334(1)
Analysis
335(1)
Appliances
336(3)
Procedure
337(1)
Appliance Operation
338(1)
Disassembly
338(1)
Exemplar Appliances
338(1)
Appliance Components
339(9)
Housings
339(1)
Power Sources
340(2)
Switches
342(2)
Solenoids and Relays
344(1)
Transformers
345(1)
Motors
345(1)
Heating Elements
346(1)
Lighting
346(1)
Miscellaneous Components
347(1)
Common Residential Appliances
348(6)
Ranges and Ovens
348(1)
Air Conditioners and Heat Recovery Ventilators
348(1)
Water Heaters
349(1)
Coffee Makers
349(1)
Toasters
350(1)
Electric Can Openers
350(1)
Cooling Fans
350(1)
Refrigerators
350(1)
Deep Fat Fryers
351(1)
Dishwashers
351(1)
Microwave Ovens
351(1)
Space Heaters
352(1)
Electric Blankets
352(1)
Window Air-Conditioner Units
352(1)
Hair Dryers and Hair Curlers
352(1)
Clothes Irons
352(1)
Clothes Dryers
353(1)
Consumer Electronics
353(1)
Recording the Fire Scene When an Appliance Is Involved
354(5)
Photographs
354(1)
Diagrams and Measurements
354(1)
Documenting the Appliance
354(2)
Recovery and Reconstruction of Appliance Components
356(3)
Chapter 15 Analyzing the Incident
359(30)
Introduction
360(1)
Analytical Methods
360(8)
Timelines
360(2)
System Analysis
362(2)
Mathematical/Engineering Modeling
364(1)
Heat Transfer Analysis
365(1)
Flammable Gas Concentrations
365(1)
Hydraulic Analysis
366(1)
Thermodynamic Chemical Equilibrium Analysis
366(1)
Structural Analysis
366(1)
Egress Analysis
366(1)
Fire Dynamics Analysis
366(1)
Graphic Representations
367(1)
Guidelines for Selection and Use of a Fire Model
368(1)
Fire Testing
368(1)
Data Required for Modeling and Testing
368(2)
Structural Information
370(1)
Materials and Contents
370(1)
Ventilation
370(1)
Incendiary Fires
370(10)
Incendiary Fire Indicators
370(2)
Incendiary Devices
372(2)
Presence of Ignitable Liquids in the Area of Origin
374(1)
Assessment of Fire Growth and Damage
374(1)
Potential Indicators Not Directly Related to Combustion
375(2)
Other Evidentiary Factors
377(1)
Motives for Fire-Setting Behavior
378(2)
Human Behavior and Fire
380(1)
Characteristics of the Individual
380(1)
Characteristics of the Group or Population
380(1)
Characteristics of the Physical Setting
380(1)
Characteristics of the Fire
381(1)
Examples of Human Behavior Contributing to Fire Fatalities
381(1)
The Station Nightclub Fire
382(1)
MGM Grand Hotel Casino Fire
382(1)
Kiss Nightclub Fire
382(1)
Factors Related to Fire Initiation
382(3)
Improper Maintenance and Operation
383(1)
Housekeeping
383(1)
Manufacturer's Product Labels, Instructions, and Warnings
383(1)
Government Standards on Labels, Instructions, and Warnings
383(1)
Recall Notices
383(1)
Violations of Fire Safety Codes and Standards
384(1)
Children and Fire
384(1)
Recognition and Response to Fires
385(4)
Chapter 16 Explosions
389(20)
Introduction
390(1)
Types of Explosions
390(2)
Mechanical Explosions
390(1)
Chemical Explosions
391(1)
Electrical Explosions
392(1)
Nuclear Explosions
392(1)
Characterization of Explosion Damage
392(1)
Low-Order Damage
392(1)
High-Order Damage
392(1)
Dynamics and Effects of Explosions
393(3)
Blast Overpressure and Wave Effect
393(1)
Projected Fragment Effect
394(1)
Thermal Effect
394(1)
Seismic Effect
395(1)
Factors Controlling Explosion Effects
395(1)
Seated and Nonseated Explosions
395(1)
Gas and Vapor Explosions
396(1)
Interpreting Explosion Damage
396(3)
Fuel-Air Ratio
396(1)
Vapor Density
397(1)
Turbulence
397(1)
Nature of the Confining Space
398(1)
Location and Magnitude of the Ignition Source
398(1)
Venting
398(1)
Strength of the Structure
398(1)
Underground Migration of Fuel Gases
398(1)
Multiple Explosions
398(1)
Dust Explosions
399(1)
Significance of Particle Size
399(1)
Concentration
399(1)
Moisture
399(1)
Sources of Ignition
400(1)
Hybrid Dust Explosions
400(1)
Multiple Explosions
400(1)
Backdraft or Smoke Explosions
400(1)
Outdoor Vapor Cloud Explosions
400(1)
Explosives
400(1)
Investigating the Explosion Scene
401(8)
Securing the Scene
402(1)
Establishing the Scene
402(1)
Obtaining Background Information
402(1)
Explosion Scene Safety
402(1)
Establishing a Search Pattern
402(1)
Initial Scene Assessment
403(1)
Identifying Explosion Versus Fire
403(1)
Determining High-Versus Low-Order Damage
403(1)
Identifying Seated Versus Nonseated Explosion
403(1)
Identifying the Type of Explosion
403(1)
Identifying Potential General Fuel Type
403(1)
Establishing the Origin
403(1)
Establishing the Ignition Source
403(1)
Detailed Scene Assessment and Documentation
404(1)
Analyze the Origin (Epicenter)
404(1)
Analyze the Fuel Source
405(1)
Analyze the Ignition Source
405(1)
Analyze to Establish Cause
405(1)
Correlation of Blast Yield with Damage Incurred
405(4)
Chapter 17 Automobile, Marine, and Equipment Fires
409(44)
Introduction
410(1)
Vehicle Fire Investigation
410(4)
Safety
410(1)
Vehicle Fire Fuels
411(3)
Systems and Their Function in a Vehicle
414(6)
Fuel Systems
414(2)
Turbochargers
416(1)
Emission Control Systems
417(1)
Exhaust Systems
417(1)
Motor Vehicle Electrical Systems
417(1)
Event Data Recorders
418(1)
Mechanical Power Systems
419(1)
Lubrication Systems
419(1)
Liquid Cooling Systems
419(1)
Air-Cooled Systems
419(1)
Mechanical Power Distribution
419(1)
Accessories and Braking Systems
420(1)
Windshield Washer Systems
420(1)
Body Systems
420(1)
Ignition Sources
420(3)
Open Flames
420(1)
Electrical Sources
421(1)
Hot Surfaces
422(1)
Mechanical Sparks
423(1)
Smoking Materials
423(1)
Investigative Techniques
423(3)
Motor Vehicle Examinations
423(2)
Examination of Vehicle Systems
425(1)
Switches, Handles, and Levers
425(1)
Hybrid Vehicles
426(1)
Hybrid Vehicle Technology
426(1)
Investigation of Hybrid Vehicle Fires
426(1)
Additional Vehicle Considerations
427(2)
Total Burns
427(1)
Stolen Vehicles
427(1)
Vehicle Ignition Components
427(2)
Vehicles in Structures
429(1)
Documenting Motor Vehicle Fires and Fire Scenes
429(1)
Vehicle Identification
429(1)
Vehicle Fire Details
429(1)
Vehicle Particulars
429(1)
Documenting the Scene
430(1)
Towing Considerations
430(1)
Documenting Away from the Scene
430(1)
Fires in Marine Vessels
430(1)
Types of Marine Vessels
430(1)
System Identification and Function
431(4)
Fuel Systems: Propulsion and Auxiliary
432(1)
Fuel Systems: Cooking and Heating
432(1)
Liquefied Petroleum Gases
432(1)
Compressed Natural Gas
432(1)
Alcohol
433(1)
Solid Fuels
433(1)
Diesel and Kerosene
433(1)
Turbochargers/Superchargers
433(1)
Exhaust Systems
433(1)
Electrical Systems
433(1)
Engine Cooling Systems
434(1)
Ventilation
434(1)
Transmissions
434(1)
Accessories
434(1)
Hydraulic Systems
435(1)
Construction and Design of Marine Vessels
435(2)
Exterior Construction
435(1)
Interior Construction
435(1)
Propulsion Systems
436(1)
Marine Vessel Ignition Sources
437(2)
Open Flames
437(1)
Electrical Sources
437(1)
Overloaded Wiring
438(1)
Electrical Short Circuiting and Arcs
438(1)
Electrical Connections
438(1)
Lightning
438(1)
Static Electricity and Incendive Arcs
438(1)
Hot Surfaces
438(1)
Mechanical Failures
438(1)
Smoking Materials
439(1)
Cargo Issues
439(1)
Marine Vessel Investigation Safety
439(2)
Confined Spaces
440(1)
Airborne Particulates
440(1)
Energy Sources and Hazardous Materials
440(1)
Sewage Holding Tank
440(1)
Structural Concerns
440(1)
Wharves, Docks, and Jetties
441(1)
Submerged Marine Vessels
441(1)
Visual Distress Signals and Pyrotechnics
441(1)
Documenting Marine Vessel Fire Scenes
441(4)
Marine Vessel Fire Patterns
442(1)
Differences in Shipboard Versus Land-Based Firefighting
442(1)
Marine Vessel Identification
443(1)
Witness Interviews
443(1)
Marine Vessel Particulars
443(1)
Marine Vessel Examination
444(1)
Examination of Marine Vessel System's
444(1)
Marine Vessels in Structures
445(1)
Specialized Vehicles and Equipment
445(1)
Recreational Vehicles
445(1)
Safety Concerns
445(1)
Systems and Components of the RV
446(1)
Investigation of Recreational Vehicle Fires
446(1)
Additional Investigation Considerations
447(1)
Heavy Equipment
447(6)
Medium- and Heavy-Duty Trucks and Buses
447(1)
Mass Transit Vehicles
448(1)
Earth-Moving, Forestry/Logging, Landfill, and Construction Equipment
448(1)
Agricultural Equipment
448(2)
Safety Concerns
450(3)
Chapter 18 Wildland Fires
453(18)
Introduction
454(1)
Safety Considerations
454(1)
Wildfire Fuels
455(1)
Fuel Condition Analysis
455(1)
Ground Fuels
455(1)
Surface Fuels
455(1)
Aerial Fuels
456(1)
Fuel Matrix
456(1)
Factors Affecting Fire Spread
456(3)
Heat Transfer
456(1)
Lateral Confinement
456(1)
Wind Influence
456(1)
Fuel Influence
457(1)
Weather
457(1)
Topography
458(1)
Fire Suppression
458(1)
Class A Foam
459(1)
Other Natural Mechanisms of Fire Spread
459(1)
Indicators of Directional Pattern
459(3)
Wildfire V-Shaped Patterns
459(1)
Degree of Damage
459(1)
Grass Stems
460(1)
Brush
460(1)
Trees
460(1)
Angle of Char
460(1)
White Ash Deposit
460(1)
Cupping
461(1)
Die-Out Pattern
462(1)
Exposed and Protected Fuels
462(1)
Staining and Sooting
462(1)
Depth of Char
462(1)
Spalling
462(1)
Curling
462(1)
Foliage Freezing
462(1)
Noncombustibles
462(1)
Loss of Material
462(1)
Conducting an Origin Investigation
462(5)
Security of the Area or Point of Origin
463(1)
Search Techniques
463(1)
Search Equipment
464(1)
Fire Cause Determination
465(1)
Incendiary Wildfires
466(1)
Equipment Use (Including Automobiles)
466(1)
Railroad
466(1)
Children
466(1)
Miscellaneous
466(1)
Evidence
467(1)
Documentation
467(4)
Appendix A Nfpa 1033 Correlation Grid 471(6)
Glossary 477(12)
Index 489
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