| Preface |
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xxxi | |
| Acknowledgments |
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xxxvii | |
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Chapter 1 Firearms Facts, Data, and Social Science |
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1 | (86) |
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A Challenges of Empirical Assessments of Firearms Policy |
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1 | (7) |
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8 | (11) |
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1 Gun Ownership by Number |
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8 | (6) |
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14 | (2) |
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16 | (1) |
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4 Gun Ownership by Demographics |
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16 | (1) |
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5 Gun Ownership by Purpose |
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17 | (2) |
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C Defensive Gun Use: Frequency and Results |
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19 | (6) |
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1 Self-Defense and Victim Welfare: The Risk of Armed Self-Defense |
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19 | (1) |
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2 The Frequency of Defensive Gun Use |
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20 | (1) |
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a The National Crime Victimization Survey |
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21 | (1) |
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21 | (2) |
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23 | (2) |
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25 | (3) |
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1 Why Have Fatal Gun Accident Rates--Including Rates for Children--Plunged? |
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26 | (2) |
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28 | (3) |
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31 | (2) |
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31 | (1) |
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2 Aggravated Assaults and Robberies |
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31 | (2) |
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G How Criminals Obtain Guns |
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33 | (5) |
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H Race, Gun Crime, and Victimization |
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38 | (4) |
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William Oliver, The Structural-Cultural Perspective: A Theory of Black Male Violence in Violent Crime |
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38 | (4) |
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42 | (1) |
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J Recent Downward Trend of Violent Crime and Growth of the American Firearm Inventory |
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43 | (4) |
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1 Some Statistics on the Decline in Violent Crime |
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43 | (1) |
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2 Some Theories About the Cause of the Decline in Violent Crime |
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44 | (3) |
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K Does Gun Ownership Reduce Crime? |
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47 | (9) |
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1 Firearms Ownership as a Factor Reducing Home Invasion Burglary |
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47 | (2) |
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2 Studies of Criminals and Deterrence |
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49 | (1) |
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3 Real-World Experiments in Gun Possession as a Deterrent to Crime |
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50 | (1) |
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4 Police Response as a Factor in the Decision to Own a Firearm |
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51 | (1) |
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5 Lawful Defensive Carry of Firearms |
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52 | (1) |
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52 | (1) |
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b Do Concealed-Carry Laws Affect the Crime Rate? |
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53 | (3) |
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L Does Gun Control Reduce Crime? |
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56 | (13) |
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1 Gun Control Laws and Violent Crime |
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57 | (1) |
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2 Rand Corporation Metastudy on Gun Control |
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58 | (1) |
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Rand Corporation, The Science of Gun Policy: A Critical Synthesis of Research Evidence on the Effects of Gun Policies in the United States |
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59 | (7) |
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3 The Argument for Disarming the Law-Abiding |
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66 | (3) |
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69 | (18) |
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1 Defining "Mass Shooting" |
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69 | (2) |
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2 Are Mass Shoodngs on the Rise? |
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71 | (2) |
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3 Comparative Data on Mass Shootings |
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73 | (1) |
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4 Mass Shoodngs and "Assault Weapons" |
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74 | (3) |
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5 Mass Shootings and Large-Capacity Magazines |
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77 | (5) |
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Exercise: Shotguns as "Assault Weapons" |
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82 | (1) |
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W. Hays Parks, Joint Service Combat Shotgun Program |
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83 | (4) |
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Chapter 2 English Arms Rights, Duties, and Controls |
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87 | (86) |
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A Anglo-Saxons, the Militia, and the Posse Comitatus |
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89 | (4) |
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B The Responsibility to Possess Arms |
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93 | (1) |
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C The Responsibility to Bear Arms: Hue and Cry, Watch and Ward, and the Posse Comitatus |
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94 | (2) |
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D The Codified Right to Resist Tyranny: Magna Carta |
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96 | (5) |
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98 | (3) |
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E Castle Doctrine: Semayne's Case |
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101 | (4) |
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105 | (16) |
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1 The Statute of Northampton |
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107 | (1) |
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107 | (2) |
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2 Developments in Laws About Bearing Arms |
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109 | (3) |
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112 | (2) |
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4 The Right to Carry Arms After 1686 |
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114 | (4) |
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5 American Application of English Law on Carrying |
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118 | (3) |
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6 Laws Against Armed Public Assemblies |
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121 | (1) |
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G Restricdve Licensing Attempted: The Tudors, Crossbows, and Handguns |
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121 | (5) |
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1 Longbows and English Liberty |
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122 | (1) |
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2 Henry VII and Henry VIII |
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122 | (2) |
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124 | (1) |
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124 | (1) |
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124 | (1) |
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124 | (1) |
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125 | (1) |
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126 | (1) |
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126 | (1) |
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H Disarmament Rejected: The Glorious Revolution and the Bill of Rights |
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126 | (21) |
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1 James I and Charles I: The First Stuarts |
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127 | (1) |
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127 | (1) |
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127 | (1) |
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c Virginia and New England |
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128 | (1) |
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d Gunpowder Monopoly, Saltpeter, and Urine Control |
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128 | (1) |
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129 | (1) |
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2 The British Civil Wars and the Interregnum |
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130 | (1) |
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a Arms and Ideology During the Civil Wars |
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131 | (2) |
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b Arms and Arms Laws of the Interregnum |
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133 | (1) |
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3 Charles II and James II: Arms Prohibition and the Glorious Revolution |
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134 | (1) |
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135 | (1) |
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b The Glorious Revolution |
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135 | (2) |
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137 | (2) |
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5 Legislation and Litigation After the Bill of Rights |
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139 | (4) |
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6 James Madison and Other Americans on the English Bill of Rights |
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143 | (4) |
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I Arms Technology and Ownership in the United Kingdom |
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147 | (4) |
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1 Matchlocks and Wheellocks |
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147 | (1) |
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2 The Flindock and the Brown Bess |
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148 | (1) |
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149 | (1) |
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4 Breechloaders and Repeaters |
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149 | (2) |
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151 | (1) |
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J The Eighteenth Century and Beyond |
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151 | (8) |
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152 | (2) |
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154 | (1) |
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155 | (2) |
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4 The Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries |
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157 | (2) |
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K The Philosophy of Resistance |
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159 | (14) |
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159 | (1) |
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William Blackstone, Commentaries on the Laws of England |
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160 | (1) |
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161 | (1) |
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John Locke, Second Treatise of Government |
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162 | (1) |
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163 | (2) |
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165 | (1) |
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166 | (7) |
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173 | (88) |
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A Arms Rights in Colonial Charters |
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173 | (4) |
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B Firearms Control in the Colonies |
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177 | (40) |
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177 | (1) |
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a Colonial Statutes Mandating Arms Possession |
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177 | (1) |
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177 | (1) |
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178 | (1) |
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179 | (1) |
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180 | (1) |
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181 | (1) |
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182 | (1) |
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182 | (1) |
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183 | (1) |
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183 | (1) |
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184 | (1) |
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185 | (2) |
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187 | (1) |
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187 | (2) |
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b Colonial Statutes Mandating Routine Arms-Carrying |
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189 | (1) |
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189 | (1) |
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190 | (1) |
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190 | (1) |
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190 | (1) |
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190 | (1) |
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191 | (1) |
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191 | (1) |
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191 | (1) |
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c Freedom Dues for Indentured Servants |
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191 | (2) |
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2 Early Firearms Regulation and Prohibition |
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193 | (1) |
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193 | (1) |
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b Gun Restrictions on Blacks |
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194 | (1) |
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194 | (1) |
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194 | (1) |
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194 | (1) |
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194 | (1) |
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195 | (1) |
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195 | (1) |
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vii Changes during Wartime |
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196 | (1) |
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c Sporadic Disarmament of Dissidents |
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197 | (2) |
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C Indians: Trade and Resistance |
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199 | (3) |
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1 European Relations with Indians |
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202 | (1) |
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a New Spain: No Guns for You, Except Sometimes |
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202 | (1) |
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b Russia: No Guns, Just Forced Labor |
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203 | (1) |
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c New Sweden and the Delaware Indians: Progenitors of the American Backwoods Frontiersmen |
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203 | (2) |
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d New Netherland: Reluctant Arsenal of the Northeast |
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205 | (2) |
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e The United Kingdom and the Iroquois Confederation: A Powerful Alliance |
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207 | (1) |
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f The French and Their Many Friends |
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208 | (2) |
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2 The American Colonies: Futile Gun Controls |
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210 | (2) |
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3 The Wampanoag and King Philip's War |
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212 | (2) |
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4 The Carolinas: The Disastrous Indian Slave Trade |
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214 | (3) |
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D Personal and Collective Defense Ideology in Pre-Revolutionary America |
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217 | (20) |
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1 The Boston Massacre Trial |
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218 | (1) |
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2 The Colonists' View of the English Right to Arms |
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219 | (1) |
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Samuel Adams, E.A., Boston Gazette, Feb. 27, 1769 |
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220 | (1) |
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3 Religion, Arms, and Resistance |
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221 | (3) |
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Jonathan Mayhew, A Discourse Concerning Unlimited Submission and Non-Resistance to the Higher Powers: With Some Reflections on the Resistance Made to King Charles I and on the Anniversary of His Death |
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224 | (3) |
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Simeon Howard, A Sermon Preached to the Ancient and Honorable Artillery Company in Boston |
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227 | (10) |
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E Arms Technology, Tactics, and Culture in the Colonies |
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237 | (24) |
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1 How Common Were Firearms in America? |
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237 | (1) |
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238 | (1) |
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238 | (1) |
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b The Pennsylvania-Kentucky Rifle |
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238 | (3) |
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c Breech Loaders and Repeaters |
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241 | (1) |
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241 | (1) |
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241 | (1) |
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242 | (1) |
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3 Colonial Militias and Temporary Armies |
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242 | (1) |
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242 | (3) |
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245 | (1) |
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246 | (1) |
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d New Hampshire and Maine |
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247 | (1) |
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248 | (1) |
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248 | (2) |
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250 | (2) |
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4 American versus English Militias |
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252 | (2) |
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5 Strengths and Weaknesses of the Colonial Militias |
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254 | (1) |
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a Intercolony Cooperation |
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254 | (1) |
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255 | (1) |
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255 | (1) |
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255 | (1) |
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e Arms Possession and Proficiency |
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256 | (1) |
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257 | (4) |
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Chapter 4 The American Revolution and Independence |
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261 | (64) |
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261 | (22) |
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1 America's Glorious Revolution |
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261 | (3) |
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2 The Anglo-American Alliance Against France in the Eighteenth Century |
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264 | (3) |
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3 A Decade of Coercion, and then the Powder Alarm |
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267 | (7) |
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4 Disarmament Orders from London |
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274 | (1) |
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275 | (2) |
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6 Calls for Defiance: Patrick Henry and the South |
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277 | (1) |
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Patrick Henry, The War Inevitable, Speech at the Second Revolutionary Convention of Virginia |
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278 | (3) |
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7 Defiance in Practice and the Independent Militias |
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281 | (2) |
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B Anns and the American Revolution |
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283 | (24) |
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1 Gun Confiscation at Lexington and Concord |
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283 | (2) |
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2 Gun Confiscation in Boston |
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285 | (3) |
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3 Declaration of Causes and Necessity of Taking Up Arms |
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288 | (1) |
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The Declaration by the Representatives of the United Colonies of North America, July 6, 1775 |
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288 | (4) |
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292 | (1) |
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5 The Declaration of Independence |
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293 | (1) |
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The Declaration of Independence |
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293 | (4) |
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6 Thomas Paine on Self-Defense, Resistance, and Milidas |
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297 | (2) |
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7 Acquiring Arms and Ammunition in Wartime |
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299 | (1) |
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300 | (2) |
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9 The Militia, the Continental Army, and American Marksmanship |
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302 | (5) |
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C The Articles of Confederation |
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307 | (1) |
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D The Right to Anns, Standing Armies, and Militias in the Early State Constitutions and Statutes |
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308 | (17) |
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309 | (1) |
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309 | (1) |
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310 | (1) |
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311 | (1) |
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312 | (1) |
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312 | (1) |
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313 | (1) |
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313 | (1) |
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314 | (1) |
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314 | (2) |
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316 | (2) |
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318 | (1) |
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319 | (1) |
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320 | (5) |
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Chapter 5 The New Constitution |
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325 | (58) |
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A Standing Annies, Militias, and Individual Rights: The Constitutional Convention of 1787 |
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326 | (5) |
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B State Ratification Conventions |
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331 | (19) |
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331 | (1) |
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332 | (1) |
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333 | (1) |
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334 | (1) |
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335 | (7) |
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Virginia Ratification Message |
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342 | (1) |
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Resolution of Virginia's Proposed A mendments |
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343 | (2) |
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345 | (2) |
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347 | (1) |
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Resolution of North Carolina's Proposed Amendments |
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347 | (2) |
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349 | (1) |
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Rhode Island Ratification Message |
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349 | (1) |
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C Commentary During the Ratification Period |
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350 | (4) |
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350 | (1) |
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The Federalist No. 29 (Alexander Hamilton) |
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350 | (1) |
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The Federalist No. 46 (James Madison) |
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350 | (1) |
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351 | (2) |
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353 | (1) |
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354 | (14) |
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1 The Second Amendment's Path Through Congress |
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355 | (4) |
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2 Contemporaneous Commentary on the Second Amendment |
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359 | (9) |
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E Arms Technology at the Time of the Second Amendment |
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368 | (1) |
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F Post-Ratification Legislation and Commentary |
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368 | (15) |
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368 | (1) |
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First Militia Act of 1792 |
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369 | (1) |
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Second Militia Act of 1792 |
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370 | (5) |
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375 | (1) |
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375 | (3) |
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b Tucker's Early Lecture Notes |
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378 | (1) |
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Exercise: Constitutional Drafting--Tyranny Prevention |
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379 | (4) |
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Chapter 6 The Right to Arms, Militias, and Slavery in the Early Republic and Antebellum Periods |
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383 | (72) |
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A Wars and Rumors of Wars |
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383 | (18) |
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383 | (2) |
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2 The Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions |
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385 | (1) |
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386 | (1) |
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387 | (2) |
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Robert H. Churchill, Popular Nullification, Fries's Rebellion, and the Waning of Radical Republicanism, 1798-1801 |
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389 | (1) |
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5 Nullification and Interposition |
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390 | (1) |
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391 | (2) |
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393 | (1) |
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394 | (1) |
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394 | (3) |
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397 | (1) |
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c The Second Seminole War and Indian Removal |
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398 | (3) |
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B Antebellum Case Law on the Right to Arms Under State and Federal Consdtudons |
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401 | (29) |
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1 A Right to Carry Weapons Openly for Self-Defense |
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403 | (1) |
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403 | (7) |
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2 The "Civilized Warfare" Test: Militia Weapons Only |
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410 | (1) |
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411 | (7) |
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3 A "General Right of Sovereignty" Subject to Legislative Discretion? |
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418 | (1) |
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4 The Use of Antebellum State Court Decisions to Interpret the Second Amendment |
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419 | (2) |
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5 Surety of the Peace Statutes |
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421 | (1) |
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Robert Leider, Constitutional Liquidation, Surety Laws, and the Right to Bear Arms |
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422 | (8) |
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C Changes in Arms Technology |
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430 | (8) |
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431 | (1) |
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2 Firearms Development and the Rise of Machine Tools |
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432 | (1) |
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432 | (1) |
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b The American System of Manufacture |
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433 | (1) |
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3 Loading, Ignition, and Ammunition |
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434 | (1) |
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a Mass Market Breechloaders |
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434 | (1) |
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434 | (1) |
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435 | (1) |
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4 The Demand for Accuracy |
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435 | (1) |
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436 | (1) |
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a Repeating Handguns: Revolvers and Pepperboxes |
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436 | (1) |
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436 | (1) |
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437 | (1) |
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437 | (1) |
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D Arms and Southern Culture |
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438 | (1) |
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E The Right to Arms versus Slavery |
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439 | (10) |
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442 | (1) |
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442 | (4) |
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Robert J. Cottrol & Raymond T. Diamond, "Never Intended to be Applied to the White Population": Firearms Regulation and Racial Disparity-- The Redeemed South's Legacy to a National Jurisprudence'? |
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446 | (1) |
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2 Slavery for Everyone: Fugitive Slaves and the Posse Comitatus |
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447 | (2) |
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F Antebellum Legal Commentary on the Right to Arms |
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449 | (6) |
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449 | (1) |
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450 | (1) |
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a The Second Amendment in Story's Commentaries |
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451 | (1) |
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b The Second Amendment in Story's Familiar Exposition |
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452 | (1) |
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453 | (2) |
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Chapter 7 The War, Reconstruction, and Beyond |
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455 | (86) |
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A Disarmament of Whites and Armament of Blacks |
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455 | (6) |
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B The Initial Response to Black Freedom |
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461 | (4) |
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461 | (1) |
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Florida, An Act Prescribing Additional Penalties for the Commission of Offenses Against the State and for Other Purposes |
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462 | (1) |
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Mississippi, An Act to Punish Certain Offences Therein Named, and for Other Purposes |
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462 | (1) |
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Landry Parish, Louisiana, Ordinance of 1865 |
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463 | (1) |
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2 The Ku Klux Klan and Other Extralegal Suppression of Freedmen |
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463 | (2) |
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C The Congressional Response: The Fourteenth Amendment, the Freedmen's Bureau Acts, and the Civil Rights Act |
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465 | (12) |
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468 | (1) |
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468 | (1) |
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Second Freedmen's Bureau Act |
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469 | (1) |
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470 | (1) |
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United States v. Cruikshank |
|
|
471 | (6) |
|
|
|
477 | (2) |
|
|
|
477 | (1) |
|
2 The End of the Plains Wars |
|
|
478 | (1) |
|
E Labor Agitation and the Repressive Response |
|
|
479 | (10) |
|
|
|
480 | (9) |
|
F Nineteenth-Century Commentary |
|
|
489 | (7) |
|
1 Chief Jusdce Thomas M. Cooley |
|
|
489 | (1) |
|
Thomas M. Cooley, A Treatise on the Constitutional Limitations Which Rest upon the Legislative Power of the States of the American Union |
|
|
490 | (1) |
|
Thomas M. Cooley, The General Principles of Constitutional Law in the United States of America |
|
|
491 | (2) |
|
|
|
493 | (1) |
|
Joel Prentiss Bishop, Commentaries on the Law of Statutory Crimes |
|
|
493 | (2) |
|
Joel Prentiss Bishop, Commentaries on the Law of Statutory Crimes (2d ed.) |
|
|
495 | (1) |
|
G Technological and Cultural Changes |
|
|
496 | (4) |
|
|
|
496 | (1) |
|
|
|
496 | (1) |
|
|
|
497 | (1) |
|
|
|
497 | (1) |
|
|
|
498 | (1) |
|
4 Machine Guns and Automatics |
|
|
498 | (1) |
|
|
|
499 | (1) |
|
|
|
499 | (1) |
|
|
|
499 | (1) |
|
|
|
500 | (1) |
|
H Late Nineteenth-Century State Laws and Cases |
|
|
500 | (27) |
|
|
|
501 | (1) |
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|
|
501 | (6) |
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|
|
507 | (4) |
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|
|
511 | (2) |
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|
|
513 | (1) |
|
|
|
514 | (5) |
|
4 Florida, Vigilantism, Lynching, and Winchester Repeaters |
|
|
519 | (1) |
|
|
|
519 | (1) |
|
|
|
520 | (1) |
|
c Winchesters vs. Lynch Mobs |
|
|
521 | (1) |
|
d Florida's Statute on Handguns, Winchesters, and Repeaters |
|
|
522 | (2) |
|
|
|
524 | (1) |
|
City of Salina v. Blaksley |
|
|
525 | (2) |
|
I State Constitutions at the Turn of the Century |
|
|
527 | (2) |
|
|
|
529 | (12) |
|
|
|
529 | (3) |
|
|
|
532 | (1) |
|
3 Self-Defense by Prohibited Persons |
|
|
533 | (1) |
|
4 Self-Defense Against Police Officers |
|
|
533 | (1) |
|
|
|
534 | (2) |
|
|
|
536 | (1) |
|
|
|
537 | (4) |
|
Chapter 8 A New and Dangerous Century |
|
|
541 | (88) |
|
|
|
541 | (6) |
|
|
|
542 | (1) |
|
|
|
543 | (4) |
|
B Changes in the Militia and Other Federal and State Military Forces |
|
|
547 | (10) |
|
|
|
547 | (1) |
|
a Nineteenth-Century Background |
|
|
547 | (1) |
|
b The Original National Guard |
|
|
548 | (1) |
|
c The Dick Act and the Modern Nadonal Guard |
|
|
548 | (1) |
|
2 The Unorganized Militia |
|
|
549 | (1) |
|
a Early Federal Programs to Arm and Train the Militia |
|
|
550 | (1) |
|
b Twentieth-Century Programs to Arm and Train the Militia |
|
|
550 | (1) |
|
i The National Board for the Promotion of Rifle Practice |
|
|
550 | (2) |
|
|
|
552 | (1) |
|
3 Other Federal and State Military Forces |
|
|
553 | (1) |
|
a The United States Armed Forces |
|
|
553 | (1) |
|
|
|
554 | (1) |
|
c Letters of Marque and Reprisal |
|
|
554 | (3) |
|
C Changes in Arms Technology |
|
|
557 | (6) |
|
1 Manufacturing and Affordability |
|
|
557 | (1) |
|
|
|
557 | (1) |
|
|
|
557 | (1) |
|
|
|
558 | (1) |
|
|
|
559 | (1) |
|
|
|
560 | (1) |
|
|
|
560 | (3) |
|
D New Federal and State Laws |
|
|
563 | (29) |
|
|
|
563 | (3) |
|
|
|
566 | (1) |
|
3 The Uniform Firearms Act |
|
|
566 | (2) |
|
4 Laws on Semi-Automatic and Pump-Action Firearms |
|
|
568 | (1) |
|
5 National Law: The Mailing of Firearms Act |
|
|
569 | (1) |
|
6 Congressional Legislation for the District of Columbia |
|
|
570 | (1) |
|
7 National Law: The National Firearms Act and the Federal Firearms Act |
|
|
570 | (3) |
|
National Firearms Act of 1934 |
|
|
573 | (2) |
|
Federal Firearms Act of 1938 |
|
|
575 | (1) |
|
Sonzinsky v. United States |
|
|
576 | (4) |
|
|
|
580 | (7) |
|
8 Two Early and Pivotal Lower Court Interpretations of Miller |
|
|
587 | (1) |
|
Nicholas J. Johnson, Heller as Miller |
|
|
588 | (2) |
|
|
|
590 | (2) |
|
E National Firearms Act Regulation Today |
|
|
592 | (27) |
|
1 The National Firearms Act Statute |
|
|
592 | (1) |
|
|
|
593 | (1) |
|
|
|
593 | (1) |
|
b Combinations of Machine Gun Parts and Conversion Kits |
|
|
594 | (2) |
|
|
|
596 | (1) |
|
|
|
597 | (1) |
|
e Short Barreled Shotguns |
|
|
597 | (1) |
|
|
|
598 | (1) |
|
|
|
598 | (2) |
|
|
|
600 | (1) |
|
3 The NFA Transfer Procedure |
|
|
601 | (1) |
|
4 Recent Growth in NFA Ownership |
|
|
602 | (1) |
|
|
|
603 | (1) |
|
|
|
603 | (11) |
|
United States v. Thompson/Center Arms Company |
|
|
614 | (5) |
|
F Armed Citizens and the Second World War |
|
|
619 | (7) |
|
|
|
619 | (1) |
|
a The Property Requisition Act |
|
|
619 | (1) |
|
|
|
620 | (1) |
|
c The Civilian Marksmanship Program |
|
|
620 | (1) |
|
d The Arsenal of Democracy |
|
|
621 | (1) |
|
e Rationing and Shortages on the Home Front |
|
|
622 | (1) |
|
|
|
623 | (1) |
|
|
|
624 | (2) |
|
G Individual and Collective Rights |
|
|
626 | (3) |
|
Chapter 9 The Second Amendment and Contemporary Gun Regulation |
|
|
629 | (112) |
|
A The Social and Political History of the Right to Arms in the Modern Era |
|
|
629 | (28) |
|
1 The Calm Before the Storm |
|
|
630 | (1) |
|
|
|
630 | (5) |
|
3 Comprehensive National Gun Control |
|
|
635 | (2) |
|
4 The Rise of the Modern Gun Control Movement and the Revolt at the NRA |
|
|
637 | (2) |
|
|
|
639 | (2) |
|
6 The NRA Counteroffensive, and the Growing Sophistication of the Gun Control Lobby |
|
|
641 | (4) |
|
|
|
645 | (2) |
|
|
|
647 | (2) |
|
9 The Reemergence of the Second Amendment |
|
|
649 | (4) |
|
10 Columbine and the 2000 Election |
|
|
653 | (2) |
|
11 The Years Preceding Heller and McDonald |
|
|
655 | (2) |
|
B The Second Amendment in the Later Twentieth Century |
|
|
657 | (9) |
|
1 Poe v. Ullman: The Right to Arms as a Liberty Interest? |
|
|
659 | (1) |
|
2 Defining "the People" in the Second Amendment |
|
|
660 | (1) |
|
3 Gun Control and the Limits of Federal Power |
|
|
660 | (1) |
|
a Interstate Commerce and Lopez v. United States |
|
|
660 | (2) |
|
b Federalism and Printz v. United States |
|
|
662 | (2) |
|
c Modern Applicadons of the Twentieth Century Precedents: Firearms Freedoms Acts and Second Amendment Sanctuaries |
|
|
664 | (2) |
|
C Modern Federal Regulation of Firearms: The Gun Control Act |
|
|
666 | (55) |
|
1 Overview of the Gun Control Act |
|
|
667 | (1) |
|
|
|
667 | (1) |
|
i Purchasing a Gun from a Commercial Dealer |
|
|
667 | (1) |
|
ii Purchasing a Gun from a Private Seller |
|
|
668 | (1) |
|
iii Purchases in Various Locations |
|
|
669 | (1) |
|
|
|
669 | (1) |
|
v Gun Sales Documentation |
|
|
669 | (1) |
|
|
|
670 | (1) |
|
b The Gun Control Act Statute |
|
|
671 | (1) |
|
2 Due Process and the GCA |
|
|
672 | (1) |
|
|
|
672 | (1) |
|
|
|
672 | (3) |
|
|
|
675 | (2) |
|
|
|
677 | (1) |
|
|
|
678 | (1) |
|
a "Convicted in any court of, a crime punishable by imprisonment for a term exceeding one year" (g) (1) |
|
|
678 | (1) |
|
b "Fugitive from justice" (g) (2) |
|
|
678 | (1) |
|
c "Unlawful user of or addicted to any controlled substance" (g) (3) |
|
|
678 | (1) |
|
d "Adjudicated as a mental defective or has been committed to any mental institution" (g) (4) |
|
|
679 | (1) |
|
e Illegal or unlawful aliens; some nonimmigrant visa holders (g)(5) |
|
|
680 | (1) |
|
f "Discharged from the Armed Forces under dishonorable conditions" (g) (6) |
|
|
680 | (1) |
|
g "Having been a citizen of the United States, has renounced his citizenship" (g)(7) |
|
|
681 | (1) |
|
h Intimate party restraining order (g) (8) |
|
|
681 | (1) |
|
i "Convicted in any court of a misdemeanor crime of domestic violence" (g) (9) |
|
|
682 | (1) |
|
j "Under indictment for a crime punishable by imprisonment for a term exceeding one year" (n) |
|
|
682 | (1) |
|
k Limits on handguns for juveniles (z) |
|
|
682 | (1) |
|
4 Regulation of Retail Sales of Ordinary Firearms |
|
|
683 | (1) |
|
|
|
684 | (1) |
|
i Registration Records and Privacy |
|
|
684 | (1) |
|
National Rifle Ass'n of America Inc. v. Reno |
|
|
685 | (4) |
|
ii Gifts and Straw Purchases |
|
|
689 | (1) |
|
|
|
689 | (7) |
|
|
|
696 | (1) |
|
|
|
697 | (1) |
|
5 Private Sales and Loans: The Secondary Market and Gun Shows |
|
|
698 | (1) |
|
|
|
699 | (4) |
|
|
|
703 | (2) |
|
6 Firearms Imports and "Sporting Use" |
|
|
705 | (1) |
|
Gilbert Equip. Co. v. Higgins |
|
|
705 | (5) |
|
|
|
710 | (1) |
|
a Statutory Penalties in § 924 |
|
|
710 | (3) |
|
b The Sentencing Guidelines |
|
|
713 | (1) |
|
|
|
714 | (2) |
|
9 Interstate Transportation of Firearms |
|
|
716 | (1) |
|
Revell v. Port Authority of New York and New Jersey |
|
|
716 | (5) |
|
D Layers of Regulation: Agency Rules and Agency Guidance |
|
|
721 | (4) |
|
E Suing the Gun Industry and the Legislative Response: The Protection of Lawful Commerce in Arms Act |
|
|
725 | (16) |
|
City of New York v. Beretta U.S.A. Corp. |
|
|
728 | (13) |
|
Chapter 10 The Right to Arms in the States |
|
|
741 | (64) |
|
A Modern State Constitutional Decisions |
|
|
741 | (20) |
|
|
|
742 | (5) |
|
Arnold v. City of Cleveland |
|
|
747 | (8) |
|
|
|
755 | (6) |
|
B Recent Changes to State Constitutional Right to Arms Guarantees |
|
|
761 | (12) |
|
|
|
762 | (1) |
|
|
|
762 | (1) |
|
|
|
763 | (1) |
|
|
|
763 | (1) |
|
State in the Interest of J.M. |
|
|
763 | (10) |
|
C State Firearms Preemption Laws |
|
|
773 | (8) |
|
City of Cleveland v. State |
|
|
775 | (6) |
|
D Modern State Gun Control Laws |
|
|
781 | (24) |
|
|
|
781 | (1) |
|
|
|
782 | (1) |
|
|
|
783 | (1) |
|
|
|
783 | (1) |
|
5 Hunting with a Gun, and the Right to Hunt |
|
|
783 | (2) |
|
6 Carrying a Gun for Protection |
|
|
785 | (1) |
|
a At Home or in One's Place of Business or Automobile |
|
|
785 | (1) |
|
b Concealed Carry in Public Places |
|
|
786 | (1) |
|
c Open Carry in Public Places |
|
|
787 | (1) |
|
7 Property Rights and Arms Rights |
|
|
788 | (1) |
|
|
|
788 | (1) |
|
|
|
789 | (1) |
|
|
|
790 | (1) |
|
Appendix: The Right to Arms in State Constitutions |
|
|
791 | (14) |
|
Chapter 11 The Supreme Court Affirms an Individual Right to Arms |
|
|
805 | (168) |
|
A The Supreme Court Affirms an Individual Right to Keep and Bear Arms Against Federal Infringement |
|
|
806 | (60) |
|
District of Columbia v. Heller |
|
|
806 | (55) |
|
Comment: Corpus Linguistics and the Meaning of "Bear Arms" |
|
|
861 | (5) |
|
B The Supreme Court Incorporates the Right to Keep and Bear Arms Against the States |
|
|
866 | (70) |
|
Fourteenth Amendment Background |
|
|
867 | (1) |
|
McDonald v. City of Chicago |
|
|
868 | (62) |
|
Comment: Modes of Constitutional Interpretation and Second Amendment Models |
|
|
930 | (5) |
|
Exercise: Constitutional Drafting--Originalism |
|
|
935 | (1) |
|
C Post-McDonald Supreme Court Cases |
|
|
936 | (37) |
|
1 Moloney v. Cuomo: Nunchuks |
|
|
936 | (1) |
|
2 Caetano v. Massachusetts: Electric Stun Guns |
|
|
937 | (1) |
|
|
|
937 | (6) |
|
3 New York State Rifle & Pistol Association v. City of New York: Stringent Transportation Regulations Challenge Rendered Moot |
|
|
943 | (1) |
|
New York State Rifle & Pistol Ass'n v. City of New York |
|
|
944 | (11) |
|
4 Dissents from Certiorari Denials |
|
|
955 | (1) |
|
|
|
956 | (1) |
|
Friedman v. City of Highland Park |
|
|
956 | (3) |
|
b Concealed Carry in Public |
|
|
959 | (1) |
|
|
|
959 | (4) |
|
c Public Carry Only When There Is "Justifiable Need" |
|
|
963 | (1) |
|
|
|
963 | (10) |
|
Chapter 12 Standards of Review |
|
|
973 | (66) |
|
A Rules from Heller and McDonald |
|
|
974 | (2) |
|
|
|
976 | (5) |
|
C Rules for Intermediate Scrudny |
|
|
981 | (3) |
|
1 The Government Must Produce Substantial Evidence |
|
|
981 | (1) |
|
2 The Government Must Overcome Rebuttal Evidence |
|
|
982 | (1) |
|
3 The Government Must Prove That the Government Objective Is Achieved More Effectively Through the Regulation |
|
|
982 | (1) |
|
4 The Government May Not Suppress Protected Conduct in the Same Proportion as Secondary Effects |
|
|
982 | (1) |
|
5 The Government Must Choose Substantially Less Burdensome Alternatives, if Available |
|
|
983 | (1) |
|
6 Speculation or Conjecture Do Not Suffice |
|
|
983 | (1) |
|
7 Time, Place, and Manner Restrictions Must Leave Open Ample Alternative Channels |
|
|
983 | (1) |
|
D The Two-Part Test vs. Text, History, and Tradition: Heller II |
|
|
984 | (28) |
|
Heller v. District of Columbia (Heller II) |
|
|
984 | (28) |
|
E Intermediate Scrutiny in Action: Heller III and Murphy v. Guerrero |
|
|
1012 | (27) |
|
Heller v. District of Columbia (Heller III) |
|
|
1012 | (10) |
|
|
|
1022 | (17) |
|
Chapter 13 Who? Bans on Persons and Classes |
|
|
1039 | (62) |
|
A Domestic Violence Misdemeanants |
|
|
1039 | (9) |
|
|
|
1039 | (9) |
|
B Persons Convicted of a Crime Punishable by a Felony Sentence of Over One Year or a Misdemeanor Sentence of Over Two |
|
|
1048 | (4) |
|
Binderup v. Attorney General |
|
|
1049 | (3) |
|
|
|
1052 | (12) |
|
National Rifle Association of America, Inc. v. Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives |
|
|
1052 | (12) |
|
|
|
1064 | (4) |
|
United States v. Huitron-Guizar |
|
|
1064 | (4) |
|
E The Formerly Mentally III |
|
|
1068 | (23) |
|
Tyler v. Hillside Cty. Sheriff's Dept. |
|
|
1068 | (19) |
|
Exercise: Litigation Practicalities |
|
|
1087 | (1) |
|
|
|
1087 | (4) |
|
F Persons Suspected of Being Dangerous |
|
|
1091 | (6) |
|
|
|
1091 | (2) |
|
2 Persons on Secret Government Lists |
|
|
1093 | (1) |
|
|
|
1094 | (1) |
|
|
|
1095 | (2) |
|
|
|
1097 | (4) |
|
Chapter 14 Where? Right to Carry |
|
|
1101 | (48) |
|
A Carrying Handguns for Self-Defense in Public Places |
|
|
1101 | (22) |
|
|
|
1101 | (8) |
|
|
|
1109 | (7) |
|
Peruta v. County of San Diego and Young v. State of Hawaii |
|
|
1116 | (2) |
|
Palmer v. District of Columbia and Wrenn v. District of Columbia: Public Carry in the Capitol |
|
|
1118 | (2) |
|
Robert J. Cottrol isf George A. Mocsary, Guns, Bird Feathers, and Overcriminalization: Why Courts Should Take the Second Amendment Seriously |
|
|
1120 | (3) |
|
|
|
1123 | (15) |
|
1 Postal Service Property |
|
|
1124 | (1) |
|
Bonidy v. United States Postal Service |
|
|
1124 | (10) |
|
2 Other Location Restrictions |
|
|
1134 | (1) |
|
|
|
1134 | (1) |
|
b Army Corps of Engineers Recreational Land |
|
|
1135 | (1) |
|
c Every Federal Government Building |
|
|
1136 | (1) |
|
d Parking Lots of Premises with Liquor Licenses |
|
|
1136 | (1) |
|
|
|
1136 | (2) |
|
|
|
1138 | (2) |
|
|
|
1139 | (1) |
|
|
|
1140 | (9) |
|
|
|
1140 | (3) |
|
United States v. Williams |
|
|
1143 | (4) |
|
Exercise: Terry Stops and the Evolving Right to Keep and Bear Arms |
|
|
1147 | (2) |
|
Chapter 15 What? Laws on Types of Arms |
|
|
1149 | (82) |
|
A "Assault Weapon" and Magazine Bans |
|
|
1149 | (50) |
|
1 "Assault Weapon" Definitions |
|
|
1150 | (1) |
|
2 The AR-15 and Other Named Firearms |
|
|
1151 | (1) |
|
3 Legal Challenges to "Assault Weapon" and LCM Bans |
|
|
1152 | (1) |
|
|
|
1153 | (34) |
|
Comment: "Assault Weapon" Lethality |
|
|
1187 | (7) |
|
|
|
1194 | (5) |
|
B Ban on Assembly from Imported Parts |
|
|
1199 | (1) |
|
|
|
1200 | (12) |
|
|
|
1200 | (8) |
|
|
|
1208 | (1) |
|
|
|
1209 | (1) |
|
|
|
1209 | (2) |
|
|
|
1211 | (1) |
|
|
|
1212 | (10) |
|
1 Personalization Technologies, "Smart Guns" |
|
|
1212 | (2) |
|
2 Homemade Guns, Computer Numerical Control (CNC), and 3D Printing |
|
|
1214 | (6) |
|
3 Improved Triggers and Other Modifications |
|
|
1220 | (2) |
|
E Bans by Other Means: Using General Laws or Approved Gun Lists to Ban Firearms and Ammunition |
|
|
1222 | (5) |
|
1 Federal Consumer Product Safety Act |
|
|
1222 | (1) |
|
2 Toxic Substances Control Act |
|
|
1223 | (1) |
|
3 Massachusetts Consumer Protection Act |
|
|
1224 | (1) |
|
4 California's List of Permissible Handguns |
|
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1224 | (3) |
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1227 | (4) |
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Chapter 16 How and Why? Other Restrictions |
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1231 | (62) |
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A Child Access Prevention Laws |
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1231 | (6) |
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1232 | (5) |
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1237 | (6) |
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United States v. Marzzarella |
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1237 | (6) |
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C Waiting Periods and Licensing |
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1243 | (3) |
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1246 | (5) |
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E Gun Control by Nonstate Actors |
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1251 | (6) |
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1257 | (20) |
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1257 | (14) |
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Ezell v. City of Chicago (Ezell II) |
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1271 | (6) |
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G Firearm Litigation for New Attorneys |
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1277 | (16) |
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1 Civil Compliance for Regulated Clients |
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1278 | (2) |
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2 Status of the Gun Cases |
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1280 | (1) |
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3 Status of the Person Cases |
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1281 | (1) |
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4 Resources and Pointers for Firearm Cases |
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1282 | (1) |
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5 Practice Pointers for Gun Cases |
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1283 | (1) |
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1284 | (3) |
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1287 | (6) |
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Chapter 17 Firearms Policy and Status: Race, Gender, Age, Disability, and Sexual Orientation |
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Chapter 18 International Law |
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Chapter 19 Comparative Law |
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Chapter 20 In-Depth Explanation of Firearms and Ammunition |
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Chapter 21 Antecedents of the Second Amendment
Chapter |
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Chapter 22 Arms Laws of the United Kingdom |
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Chapter 23 The Evolution of Arms Technology |
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| Table of Cases |
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1293 | (16) |
| Table of Authorities |
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1309 | (42) |
| Table of Statutes, Constitutions, and Regulations |
|
1351 | (22) |
| Index |
|
1373 | |
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