Notation |
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xiii | |
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Chapter 1 Prologue: Compositions of an integer |
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1 | (10) |
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1.1 Counting compositions |
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2 | (1) |
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1.2 The Fibonacci numbers from a combinatorial perspective |
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3 | (2) |
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5 | (1) |
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1.4 Compositions with arbitrarily restricted parts |
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5 | (1) |
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1.5 The fundamental theorem of composition enumeration |
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6 | (1) |
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1.6 Basic tools for manipulating finite sums |
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7 | (4) |
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8 | (3) |
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Chapter 2 Sets, functions, and relations |
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11 | (20) |
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12 | (4) |
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16 | (3) |
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2.3 Cartesian products and their subsets |
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19 | (2) |
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2.4 Counting surjections: A recursive formula |
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21 | (1) |
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2.5 The domain partition induced by a function |
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22 | (2) |
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2.6 The pigeonhole principle for functions |
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24 | (1) |
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25 | (2) |
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2.8 The matrix representation of a relation |
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27 | (1) |
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2.9 Equivalence relations and partitions |
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27 | (4) |
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27 | (1) |
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28 | (2) |
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30 | (1) |
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Chapter 3 Binomial coefficients |
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31 | (18) |
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3.1 Subsets of a finite set |
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31 | (3) |
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3.2 Distributions, words, and lattice paths |
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34 | (2) |
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3.3 Binomial inversion and the sieve formula |
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36 | (3) |
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39 | (2) |
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3.5 An inversion formula for set functions |
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41 | (2) |
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3.6 *The Bonferroni inequalities |
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43 | (6) |
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45 | (1) |
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45 | (4) |
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Chapter 4 Multinomial coefficients and ordered partitions |
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49 | (8) |
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4.1 Multinomial coefficients and ordered partitions |
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49 | (2) |
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4.2 Ordered partitions and preferential rankings |
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51 | (1) |
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4.3 Generating functions for ordered partitions |
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52 | (5) |
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54 | (1) |
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54 | (3) |
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Chapter 5 Graphs and trees |
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57 | (12) |
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57 | (1) |
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58 | (1) |
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59 | (3) |
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62 | (1) |
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63 | (2) |
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5.6 *The probabilistic method |
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65 | (4) |
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66 | (1) |
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66 | (1) |
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67 | (2) |
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Chapter 6 Partitions: Stirling, Lah, and cycle numbers |
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69 | (18) |
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6.1 Stirling numbers of the second kind |
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69 | (3) |
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6.2 Restricted growth functions |
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72 | (1) |
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6.3 The numbers σ(n, k) and S(n, k) as connection constants |
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73 | (2) |
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6.4 Stirling numbers of the first kind |
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75 | (1) |
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6.5 Ordered occupancy: Lah numbers |
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76 | (2) |
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6.6 Restricted ordered occupancy: Cycle numbers |
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78 | (4) |
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6.7 Balls and boxes: The twenty-fold way |
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82 | (5) |
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82 | (1) |
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83 | (2) |
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85 | (2) |
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Chapter 7 Intermission: Some unifying themes |
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87 | (10) |
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7.1 The exponential formula |
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87 | (3) |
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90 | (2) |
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92 | (5) |
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93 | (1) |
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93 | (1) |
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94 | (3) |
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Chapter 8 Combinatorics and number theory |
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97 | (22) |
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97 | (3) |
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100 | (1) |
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8.3 Partitions of an integer |
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101 | (8) |
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109 | (3) |
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8.5 p-orders and Legendre's theorem |
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112 | (2) |
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8.6 Lucas's congruence for binomial coefficients |
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114 | (1) |
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8.7 *Restricted sums of binomial coefficients |
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115 | (4) |
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116 | (1) |
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117 | (1) |
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118 | (1) |
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Chapter 9 Differences and sums |
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119 | (24) |
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9.1 Finite difference operators |
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119 | (2) |
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9.2 Polynomial interpolation |
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121 | (1) |
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9.3 The fundamental theorem of the finite difference calculus |
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122 | (1) |
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123 | (3) |
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9.5 * The harmonic numbers |
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126 | (1) |
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9.6 Linear homogeneous difference equations with constant coefficients |
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127 | (4) |
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9.7 Constructing visibly real-valued solutions to difference equations with obviously real-valued solutions |
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131 | (1) |
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9.8 The fundamental theorem of rational generating functions |
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132 | (2) |
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9.9 Inefficient recursive formulae |
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134 | (1) |
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9.10 Periodic functions and polynomial functions |
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135 | (1) |
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9.11 A nonlinear recursive formula: The Catalan numbers |
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136 | (7) |
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139 | (1) |
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140 | (1) |
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141 | (2) |
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Chapter 10 Enumeration under group action |
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143 | (20) |
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10.1 Permutation groups and orbits |
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143 | (2) |
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10.2 Polya's first theorem |
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145 | (3) |
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10.3 The pattern inventory: Polya's second theorem |
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148 | (2) |
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10.4 Counting isomorphism classes of graphs |
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150 | (4) |
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10.5 G-classes of proper subsets of colorings / group actions |
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154 | (1) |
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10.6 De Bruijn's generalization of Polya theory |
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155 | (2) |
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10.7 Equivalence classes of boolean functions |
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157 | (6) |
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159 | (1) |
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160 | (3) |
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Chapter 11 Finite vector spaces |
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163 | (24) |
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11.1 Vector spaces over finite fields |
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163 | (1) |
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11.2 Linear spans and linear independence |
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164 | (1) |
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165 | (2) |
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11.4 The q-binomial coefficients are Comtet numbers |
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167 | (2) |
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11.5 q-binomial inversion |
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169 | (2) |
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11.6 The q-Vandermonde identity |
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171 | (1) |
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11.7 q-multinomial coefficients of the first kind |
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172 | (1) |
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11.8 q-multinomial coefficients of the second kind |
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173 | (2) |
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11.9 The distribution polynomials of statistics on discrete structures |
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175 | (5) |
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180 | (2) |
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182 | (5) |
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183 | (1) |
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184 | (1) |
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185 | (2) |
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187 | (22) |
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12.1 Total orders and their generalizations |
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187 | (1) |
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12.2 *Quasi-orders and topologies |
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188 | (1) |
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12.3 *Weak orders and ordered partitions |
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189 | (2) |
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191 | (1) |
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12.5 Partial orders: basic terminology and notation |
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192 | (2) |
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12.6 Chains and antichains |
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194 | (4) |
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12.7 Matchings and systems of distinct representatives |
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198 | (2) |
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12.8 *Unimodality and logarithmic concavity |
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200 | (3) |
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12.9 Rank functions and Sperner posets |
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203 | (1) |
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203 | (6) |
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205 | (1) |
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206 | (1) |
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207 | (2) |
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Chapter 13 Formal power series |
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209 | (18) |
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209 | (1) |
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210 | (1) |
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13.3 Formal power series and polynomials over C |
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211 | (4) |
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215 | (2) |
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13.5 Summation interchange |
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217 | (2) |
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219 | (2) |
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13.7 The formal logarithm |
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221 | (1) |
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13.8 The formal exponential function |
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222 | (5) |
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223 | (1) |
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223 | (1) |
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224 | (3) |
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Chapter 14 Incidence algebra: The grand unified theory of enumerative combinatorics |
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227 | (24) |
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14.1 The incidence algebra of a locally finite poset |
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227 | (2) |
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14.2 Infinite sums in CInt(p) |
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229 | (2) |
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14.3 The zeta function and the enumeration of chains |
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231 | (1) |
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14.4 The chi function and the enumeration of maximal chains |
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232 | (1) |
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233 | (2) |
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14.6 Mobius inversion formulas |
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235 | (2) |
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14.7 The Mobius functions of four classical posets |
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237 | (2) |
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14.8 Graded posets and the Jordan-Dedekind chain condition |
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239 | (1) |
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240 | (3) |
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14.10 The reduced incidence algebra of a binomial poset |
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243 | (4) |
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14.11 Modular binomial lattices |
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247 | (4) |
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249 | (1) |
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249 | (1) |
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250 | (1) |
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Appendix A Analysis review |
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251 | (4) |
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251 | (1) |
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252 | (1) |
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A.3 Double sequences and series |
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253 | (2) |
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254 | (1) |
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Appendix B Topology review |
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255 | (6) |
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B.1 Topological spaces and their bases |
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255 | (1) |
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256 | (1) |
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257 | (1) |
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257 | (1) |
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B.5 The topology of pointwise convergence |
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257 | (4) |
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259 | (2) |
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Appendix C Abstract algebra review |
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261 | (6) |
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C.1 Algebraic structures with one composition |
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261 | (1) |
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C.2 Algebraic structures with two compositions |
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262 | (1) |
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C.3 R-algebraic structures |
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263 | (1) |
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264 | (1) |
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C.5 Isomorphic structures |
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265 | (2) |
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266 | (1) |
Index |
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267 | |