| Acknowledgements |
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IX | |
| Chapter 1 Introduction |
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1 | (18) |
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1 | (5) |
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2 Pragmatic studies of a speech genre |
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6 | (3) |
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3 The discourse of Japanese popular culture |
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9 | (3) |
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12 | (7) |
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12 | (4) |
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4.2 Transcription and translation |
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16 | (3) |
| Chapter 2 Fluid orality |
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19 | (22) |
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1 The orality-literacy debate and beyond |
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19 | (5) |
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1.1 From orality to literacy |
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19 | (1) |
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1.2 Secondary orality and digital orality |
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20 | (2) |
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1.3 Fluid orality in popular culture discourse |
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22 | (2) |
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2 Fluid orality in the discourse of Japanese popular culture |
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24 | (6) |
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2.1 Conversational narration and the centrality of orality |
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24 | (3) |
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2.2 Fictionalized variation and the fluidity of style shifts |
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27 | (2) |
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2.3 Simulated conversation in narration |
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29 | (1) |
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3 Speaker, speaking selves, and fluid selves |
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30 | (11) |
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3.1 Speaker, speaking selves, and partner |
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31 | (1) |
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3.2 The myth of the ideal and autonomous speaker |
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31 | (4) |
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3.3 Divided selves, "dividuals," and fluid selves |
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35 | (6) |
| Chapter 3 Character and character-speak |
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41 | (40) |
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1 Character in the West and in Japan |
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41 | (3) |
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1.1 Emergence of the character in the West |
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41 | (1) |
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1.2 The character phenomenon in contemporary Japan |
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42 | (2) |
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2 Character in Japanese popular culture criticism |
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44 | (2) |
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3 Concepts of character and characteristic |
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46 | (9) |
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3.1 Defining character and characteristic |
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47 | (4) |
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3.2 Psychology of Japan's character culture |
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51 | (4) |
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4 Character-speak: Background |
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55 | (8) |
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4.1 Beyond Bakhtin: Heteroglossia, polyphony, and the character zone in popular culture |
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56 | (4) |
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4.2 Borrowed style as precursor to character-speak |
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60 | (3) |
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5 Character-speak: Manipulating characters and characteristics |
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63 | (7) |
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5.1 Character-speak and expressive meanings |
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63 | (1) |
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5.2 Character-speak and aspects of indexical signs |
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64 | (3) |
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5.3 Manipulating characters and characteristics |
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67 | (3) |
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6 Character-speak in context |
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70 | (11) |
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6.1 Character-speak and performance |
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70 | (3) |
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6.2 Other approaches: Role language and utterance character |
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73 | (8) |
| Chapter 4 Light novels: Character-speak and variation in quoted speech |
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81 | (34) |
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81 | (3) |
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1.1 Defining light novels |
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81 | (1) |
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1.2 Crossover and mixed genres |
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82 | (2) |
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2 Background: Quoted speech in novels and light novels |
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84 | (7) |
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2.1 Quoted speech in novels |
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85 | (1) |
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2.2 Simulating orality in quoted speech |
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86 | (5) |
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3 Quoted speech features in light novels |
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91 | (4) |
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91 | (2) |
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3.2 Self-performed sound effects |
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93 | (2) |
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4 Creating characters through quoted speech |
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95 | (6) |
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4.1 Character-speak and fictional variations |
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95 | (4) |
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4.2 Character-differentiating quoted speech in Kino no Tabi |
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99 | (2) |
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5 Fluid orality and characteristics |
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101 | (4) |
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5.1 Fluidity of old-man language and archaic styles |
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101 | (1) |
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5.2 Fictionalized dialects and temporary characteristics |
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102 | (1) |
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5.3 Shiftng styles in quoted speech and characteristics |
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103 | (2) |
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6 Tsundere and conversational moves |
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105 | (7) |
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6.1 Tsundere character: Features and language |
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106 | (1) |
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6.2 Tsundere conversational moves in the Suzumya Haruhi series |
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107 | (3) |
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6.3 Particle yo and tsundere attitude |
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110 | (2) |
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112 | (3) |
| Chapter 5 Talk shows: Fluid orality in gender-evoking variation |
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115 | (40) |
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115 | (4) |
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1.1 Matsuko Derakkusu and media presence |
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115 | (2) |
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1.2 Masaharu Fukuyama and radio talk shows |
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117 | (2) |
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2 Background: Onee kotoba, gender, and language |
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119 | (10) |
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2.1 Beyond gendered and ideologized language |
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119 | (3) |
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2.2 Onee kotoba as a gender-evoking indexical sign |
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122 | (3) |
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2.3 Consumption of onee culture and onee character-speak in postmodern Japan |
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125 | (4) |
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3 Marketing the onee character: Matsuko Derakkusu |
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129 | (10) |
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3.1 Features of Matsuko's onee character-speak |
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129 | (2) |
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3.2 Criticizing, ordering, and self-deprecating |
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131 | (1) |
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3.3 Conversation management, audience involvement, and media savvy |
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132 | (3) |
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3.4 Fluidity of gender-evoking character-speak |
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135 | (4) |
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4 Fluid orality in playful voices: Masako, the Housewife |
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139 | (13) |
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4.1 Character presentation in Fukuyama Masaharu no SUZUKI Talking FM |
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139 | (2) |
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4.2 Masako's character-speak and emotional expressions |
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141 | (2) |
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4.3 Giving advice in Masako's voice |
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143 | (1) |
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4.4 Grousing and scolding |
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144 | (4) |
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4.5 Fluid transitions: Masako, Masaharu, and Fukuyama |
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148 | (4) |
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152 | (3) |
| Chapter 6 Keetai novels: Narrator's character-speak in conversational narration |
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155 | (38) |
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155 | (6) |
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1.1 Defining keetai novels |
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155 | (1) |
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1.2 Keetai novel as genre and culture |
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156 | (2) |
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1.3 Keetai novel as self-narrative and its readership |
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158 | (3) |
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2 Background: Novelistic discourse |
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161 | (4) |
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2.1 Approaches to the novel |
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161 | (2) |
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2.2 I-novel and keetai novel |
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163 | (2) |
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3 Language of narration in keetai novels |
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165 | (8) |
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165 | (1) |
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3.2 Conversational narration |
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166 | (3) |
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3.3 Fragmentation of speech |
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169 | (2) |
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3.4 Appealing to the reader |
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171 | (2) |
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4 Character-speak in self-narrative |
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173 | (10) |
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4.1 Self-awareness and narrator's character |
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173 | (2) |
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4.2 Narrator as tsukkomi character |
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175 | (3) |
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4.3 Internal conversation: Mediating quoted speech and narration |
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178 | (5) |
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5 Fluid orality through variation and rhetoric |
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183 | (8) |
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5.1 Yankii language and narrator's character |
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183 | (2) |
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5.2 Fluid style shifts and narrator's characteristics |
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185 | (2) |
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5.3 Narrator's performance through irony, punning, and mojiri |
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187 | (4) |
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191 | (2) |
| Chapter 7 Manga: Fluidity of multilayered speech in floating whispers |
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193 | (44) |
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193 | (2) |
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1.1 Japanese manga and girls' manga |
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193 | (1) |
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1.2 NANA and Yamatonadeshiko Shichihenge |
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194 | (1) |
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2 Background: Internal monologue and visual signs in manga and girls' manga |
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195 | (7) |
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2.1 Speech balloons and thought bubbles |
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195 | (2) |
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2.2 Internal monologue in girls' manga |
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197 | (3) |
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2.3 Multimodal approaches to manga |
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200 | (2) |
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3 Fluid orality and polyphony in manga |
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202 | (6) |
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3.1 Internal monologue in Hotto Roodo |
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202 | (4) |
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3.2 Multilayered voices in Ribaazu Ejji |
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206 | (2) |
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4 Floating whispers in NANA and Yamatonadeshiko Shichihenge |
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208 | (6) |
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4.1 Floating whispers: Definition and function |
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208 | (1) |
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4.2 Floating whispers and visual context |
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209 | (5) |
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5 Multilayerd speech in NANA and Yamatonadeshiko Shichihenge |
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214 | (9) |
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5.1 Multilayered internal monologue |
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214 | (4) |
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5.2 Unspoken conversation |
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218 | (3) |
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5.3 Narrative voice and inter-genre expressivity in floating whispers |
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221 | (2) |
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6 Character-speak and fluid orality in floating whispers |
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223 | (12) |
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6.1 Characters of Nana Komatsu and Nana Oosaki |
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223 | (3) |
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6.2 Contrasting Kyoohei with others |
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226 | (4) |
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6.3 Sunako's character-speak and visual context |
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230 | (5) |
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235 | (2) |
| Chapter 8 Drama: Fluid orality in place-evoking fictionalized variations |
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237 | (42) |
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237 | (11) |
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1.1 Dialect as a place-evoking variation |
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237 | (2) |
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1.2 Hanako to An and character identification |
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239 | (5) |
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1.3 Ama-chan: An overview |
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244 | (2) |
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246 | (2) |
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2 Background: Fictional dialect and temporary style |
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248 | (6) |
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2.1 Production of the fictional Sodegahama dialect |
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248 | (4) |
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2.2 Fictional variation, character, and characteristic |
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252 | (2) |
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3 Fluid orality in Ama-chan: Use and non-use of the Sodegahama dialect |
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254 | (6) |
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3.1 From dialect to standard speech |
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254 | (2) |
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3.2 Dialect awareness and meta-comment |
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256 | (4) |
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4 Character-speak of major participants in the drama |
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260 | (8) |
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4.1 Aki's character and her adventure in fictionalized variation |
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260 | (4) |
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4.2 Yui's character-speak and identity struggle |
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264 | (1) |
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4.3 Haruko's life journey and adopted variations |
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265 | (3) |
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5 Narrators' character-speak and polyphony |
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268 | (8) |
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5.1 Natsu and polyphonic narrative style |
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268 | (2) |
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5.2 Narrative voices: Contrasting Haruko and Aki |
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270 | (3) |
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5.3 Addressing audience and the narrator's character |
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273 | (3) |
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276 | (3) |
| Chapter 9 Reflections and aspirations |
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279 | (10) |
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1 Fluidity of characters and fluidity of speaking selves |
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279 | (4) |
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2 Toward pragmatic and discourse studies of speaking selves |
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283 | (6) |
| Appendix: Presentation of data in Japanese orthography |
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289 | (30) |
| References |
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319 | (14) |
| Data references |
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333 | (4) |
| Author index |
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337 | (4) |
| Subject index |
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341 | |
