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Forensic Engineering Fundamentals [Kõva köide]

(Advanced Engineering Associates, USA), (Advanced Engineering Associates, USA)
  • Formaat: Hardback, 487 pages, kõrgus x laius: 254x178 mm, kaal: 1020 g, 77 Tables, black and white; 243 Illustrations, black and white
  • Ilmumisaeg: 12-Dec-2012
  • Kirjastus: CRC Press Inc
  • ISBN-10: 1439878390
  • ISBN-13: 9781439878392
Teised raamatud teemal:
  • Formaat: Hardback, 487 pages, kõrgus x laius: 254x178 mm, kaal: 1020 g, 77 Tables, black and white; 243 Illustrations, black and white
  • Ilmumisaeg: 12-Dec-2012
  • Kirjastus: CRC Press Inc
  • ISBN-10: 1439878390
  • ISBN-13: 9781439878392
Teised raamatud teemal:
Forensic engineers often specialize in a particular area such as structures, fires, or accident reconstruction. However, the nature of the work often requires broad knowledge in the interrelated areas of physics, chemistry, biomechanics, and engineering. Covering cases as varied as assessment of workplace accidents to the investigation of Halliburton in the BP oil spill, Forensic Engineering Fundamentals is a comprehensive introduction to the many diverse facets of the field that forensic engineers must be familiar with in their practice.

Topics include

The role of the forensic engineer Structures, structural distress, and the importance of standards and codes The failure of appliancesthe cause of many water- or fire-related losses Slips, trips, and falls of pedestrians and the accessibility of walking surfaces Industrial incidents involving loss of equipment, injury and loss of life, as well as OSHA and MSHA regulations Standard accident reconstruction involving vehicles Electrical incidents and lightning and the effect of electrical energy on the human body Analysis of fires with an emphasis on thermodynamics, testing, and simulation Carbon monoxide incidents and common fire suppression and warning systems, as well as the various NFPA codes Probability and uncertainty, with some basic calculations available to the forensic engineer Applicable standards and protocols that have developed over the years to protect life and property Offering readers real-world experience drawn from the authors 25 years of experience, this volume assists newcomers to the field in understanding the engineering basics underlying the cases they will encounter in their practice. It also serves as a reliable reference for those confronted with issues outside their area of expertise.
Preface xiii
Acknowledgments xvii
Symbols and Units xix
Synopsis xxi
1 Introduction
1(6)
2 Structural Distress
7(48)
Introduction
7(1)
Substandard Design and Construction
8(1)
Some Structural Basics
9(1)
Forces
10(1)
Moments
10(1)
Work
10(1)
Energy
10(1)
Momentum
11(1)
Structures: Mechanics and Force Systems
11(1)
Newton's Laws and Equilibrium
12(1)
Work and Energy: Conservation Principles
13(2)
Properties of Areas
15(3)
Structures
18(2)
Mechanics or Strength of Materials
20(3)
Allowable Stress and Strength Design Methods
23(4)
Chimney Damage
27(2)
Truss Analysis
29(2)
Method of Joints
31(1)
Method of Sections
32(1)
Example: Truss Failure
33(3)
Dynamic Loading
36(5)
Wind Damage
41(3)
Snow, Hail, and Rain
44(1)
Hail Damage to Asphalt Shingles
44(1)
Stresses on Cylindrical Pressure Vessels
45(2)
Modes of Failure
47(1)
Load Analysis on Pilings
48(2)
Strain
50(3)
Foundations
53(2)
3 Blasting and Earth Movement
55(32)
Introduction to Soil Behavior
55(1)
Techniques of Subsurface Investigations
56(1)
Sampling
56(1)
Direct Measurements of Consistency and Relative Density
57(1)
Interpretation of Water Content of Soils
57(1)
Landslides
57(1)
Avalanches
58(1)
Prevention and Damage Limitation
59(1)
Mudflow
59(1)
Erosion and Sedimentation
59(1)
Modes of Erosion
60(1)
Processes of Sedimentation
61(1)
Identification of Rocks
62(1)
Igneous Rocks
62(1)
Sedimentary Rocks
63(1)
Metamorphic Rocks
64(1)
Supporting Capacity of Earth Formations
65(2)
Stability of Natural Slopes
67(2)
Atterberg Limits
69(1)
Subsidence
70(1)
Mining
70(1)
Water
71(1)
Oil and Gas
71(1)
Earthquakes
71(2)
Foundations
73(2)
Blasting Damage
75(5)
Heavy Equipment Vibrations
80(1)
Effect of Compaction Effort
80(1)
Field Compaction Equipment
81(1)
Particle Velocity Calculation
81(1)
First Example
81(1)
Second Example
82(1)
Wave Pressure
83(1)
Plane Wave Transmission at an Interface
83(4)
4 Mold and Environmental Problems
87(24)
Introduction
87(2)
Ventilation
89(1)
Temperature Control
89(1)
Lighting
89(1)
Yards and Courts
89(1)
Sound Transmission
89(1)
Interior Space Dimensions
90(1)
Access to Unoccupied Spaces
90(1)
Surrounding Materials
90(1)
Damp and Waterproofing
90(1)
Airborne Particles
90(3)
Mold
93(3)
Radon
96(2)
Gases
98(1)
Ventilation
99(3)
Building Materials
102(1)
Asbestos
102(2)
Electromagnetics
104(1)
Vibrations and Sound
105(2)
Temperature
107(1)
Ergonomics and Illumination
108(3)
5 Water-Related Losses
111(28)
Introduction
111(2)
Fluid Statics and Dynamics
113(1)
Fluid Statics
114(3)
Fluid Dynamics
117(9)
Open Channel Flow
126(4)
Hydrology and Water Runoff
130(3)
Groundwater
133(1)
Plumbing and Fittings
134(1)
Water Hammer
135(1)
Pressure Measurements
135(1)
Pressure Relief
136(1)
Soils and the Water Table
136(1)
Effects on Soil from the Lowering of the Water Table
136(3)
6 Appliances and Equipment Failures
139(48)
Introduction
139(1)
Kitchen and Household Appliances
140(1)
Stoves
140(2)
Refrigerators
142(4)
Washers/Dryers
146(1)
Coffee Makers
147(2)
Fans and Heaters
149(1)
Televisions and VCRs
150(1)
HVAC Systems
151(1)
Furnace Humidifiers and Furnaces
151(2)
Air Conditioners
153(1)
Fireplaces and Water Heaters
154(1)
Pumps, Generators, and Motors
155(2)
Boilers
157(1)
Swimming Pool Failures
158(1)
Hydrostatic Pressure and in-Ground Pools
158(2)
Dissolution of Aluminum
160(2)
Welding Failures
162(1)
Dimensional Discrepancies
162(1)
Weld Undercut
162(1)
Surface Porosity
162(1)
Weld Cracks
163(1)
Insufficient Throat or Leg
163(1)
Excessive Convexity and Overlap
163(1)
Cars
163(1)
Torque Converters
163(1)
Brake System Overview
164(1)
Vacuum-Assisted Brake Booster
165(1)
Brake Line Pressure Control Devices
165(1)
Step Bore Master Cylinder
166(1)
Brake Designs
166(1)
Large Vehicles
167(1)
Steering
168(3)
Interpreting Electrical Activity
171(1)
Interpreting Electrical Fire Evidence
171(1)
Appearance of Arced and Fire-Melted Conductors
171(1)
Short Circuit and Ground Fault Arcs
171(1)
Arcing during Fires
171(1)
Effects Not Electrically Caused
172(1)
Melting by Fire
172(1)
Alloying
172(1)
Misconceptions and Cautions
172(1)
Undersized Conductors
172(1)
Nicked or Stretched Conductors
172(1)
Deteriorated Insulation
172(1)
Short Circuit
173(1)
Component Fracture Mechanics
174(1)
Load Analysis on Support Bracket
174(1)
Analysis of Crane Failure
175(2)
Summing Forces
177(4)
Gouge Spacing
181(1)
Relative to Vehicle Motion and Wheel Lug Distribution
181(3)
Broken Pole Analysis
184(3)
7 Slips and Falls: Injuries to Humans
187(42)
Introduction
187(1)
Walkway Safety
188(1)
Standard of Care
189(1)
American Disabilities Act
190(1)
Testing of Slip Resistance of Walking Surfaces
190(1)
Force Required to Pull a Dolly
191(3)
Biomechanics of Falls
194(1)
Sight Distance for Pedestrians
195(1)
Pedestrians and Trains
195(1)
Departure Sight Distance Calculations
196(1)
Moving Vehicle Sight Distance Calculations
197(2)
Calculation of Train Speed
199(1)
Human Injuries and the Strength of Human Tissue
200(2)
Strain
202(1)
Hooke's Law and Young's Modulus
203(5)
Bone Fractures
208(1)
Transverse Fracture of Long Bones
208(3)
Head Injury
211(1)
Head Injury Criterion
211(3)
Compilation of Studies Involving Occupant Kinematics and Vehicle Impacts
214(1)
Biomechanics of Injury
215(2)
Vehicular Collisions with Pedestrians or Bicyclists
217(3)
Internal Organ Injuries
220(1)
Knee Injuries
220(2)
Injuries of the Hand, Wrist, and Elbow
222(1)
Teeth Injuries
222(1)
Lower Leg Injuries
223(1)
Minimum Speed Required to Fracture the Tibia and Fibula
223(1)
Shoulder Injuries
224(2)
Hip Injuries
226(3)
8 Industrial and Construction Accidents
229(8)
Introduction
229(1)
Equipment Losses
230(1)
Walkway Safety
230(1)
Personal Protection
230(1)
Equipment
230(1)
Injuries and Death
231(6)
9 Accident Reconstruction
237(78)
Introduction
237(1)
Basic Principles of Physics
237(1)
Uniformly Accelerated Linear Motion
238(2)
Motion in a Plane
240(1)
Projectile Motion
241(1)
Uniformly Accelerated Curvilinear Motion
242(1)
Relation between Angular and Linear Velocity and Acceleration
243(2)
Newton's First Law
245(1)
Newton's Second Law
246(1)
Newton's Third Law
247(1)
Center of Gravity or Mass
248(1)
Impulse and Momentum
249(2)
Conservation of Momentum
251(2)
Conservation of Energy and Work
253(2)
Kinetic Energy
255(1)
Potential Energy due to Gravity
255(2)
Elastic Potential Energy
257(1)
Dissipation and Conservation of Energy
258(1)
Internal Work, Energy, Power, and Velocity
259(1)
Change in Velocity
260(2)
Introduction to Energy Methods
262(2)
Friction
264(2)
Critical Speed: Straight Trajectory
266(2)
Stopping Distances
268(1)
Friction and the Speed of a Vehicle
269(3)
Newton's Second Law Argument
272(2)
Work-Energy Argument
274(1)
Critical Speed: Curved Trajectory
275(5)
Critical Speed to Negotiate a Turn Including Superelevation
280(2)
Conservation of Energy Analysis
282(2)
Generalized Critical Speed Analysis
284(4)
Critical Speed from Yaw and Rollover
288(2)
Extension on Minimum Speed Calculations When Radius Cannot Be Determined Uniquely
290(3)
Crush Analysis
293(3)
Tree Impacts
296(1)
Introduction to Momentum Methods
297(1)
Elastic and Inelastic Collisions
298(1)
Elastic Collisions
298(2)
Conservation of Linear Momentum
300(2)
Conservation of Linear Momentum with Restitution
302(2)
Conservation of Rotational Momentum
304(3)
Combined Linear and Rotational Momentum
307(1)
Rotational Momentum: Alternate Solution
307(3)
Parametric Analysis for Left of Center Collisions
310(1)
Plastic-Elastic Analysis
311(4)
10 Electrical Incidents and Lightning
315(24)
Introduction
315(2)
Electrical Distribution Systems
317(2)
Some Basic Equations
319(3)
Switch Failure
322(1)
Current in a Bus Bar
323(4)
Current in a Solid Wire Conductor
327(4)
Testing of Transistors and Electrical Components
331(2)
Lightning
333(2)
Impulse Voltages
335(4)
11 Electrocutions
339(18)
Introduction
339(1)
Low-Voltage Electrocutions
340(1)
Swimming Pool Electrocutions
341(2)
Theoretical Solution of Poisson's Equation on a Rectangle
343(5)
Animal Testing
348(3)
Medium-Voltage Electrocutions
351(1)
High-Voltage Electrocutions
351(1)
Human Conductivity
351(2)
Response of Human Tissue to Electrical Stimulation
353(2)
Electrical Modeling of the Human Body
355(2)
12 Fires
357(48)
Introduction
357(2)
Thermodynamic Principles
359(3)
Systems and Processes
362(1)
Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics
362(1)
Enthalpy
363(1)
Combustion
364(1)
Chemical Equations for Combustion
365(1)
Hydrocarbons
366(4)
Explosive Limits
370(1)
Flash Points
370(1)
Transfer of Heat
371(1)
First Law of Thermodynamics
372(1)
Second Law of Thermodynamics: Entropy
373(1)
Heat Flow
374(3)
Explosive Characteristics
377(3)
Flow of Gas through a Pipe
380(2)
Thermal Conductivity, Convectivity, and Radiation
382(10)
Gas Can Burn
392(4)
Live Burns
396(1)
Mobile Homes
396(2)
House Fires
398(2)
Car Fires
400(2)
Fire Dynamics Modeling
402(3)
13 Miscellaneous Losses
405(16)
Introduction
405(1)
Carbon Monoxide
405(1)
Human Response to Carbon Monoxide and Carboxyhemoglobin
406(1)
Chains and Hooks
407(1)
Materials for Crane Chains
408(1)
Strength of Chains
408(1)
Examination of Vehicle Lightbulbs and Filaments
409(3)
Defeating Locks
412(1)
Vehicle Computer Interrogation
413(3)
Engine Wear
416(1)
Fire Suppression Systems
417(4)
14 Probability, Sensitivity, and Uncertainty
421(6)
Introduction
421(1)
Sensitivity and Uncertainty
421(3)
Probability and Statistics
424(3)
15 Standards
427(8)
Introduction
427(1)
Protocol for Forensic Investigations
428(1)
Standard Guide for Forensic Engineering Inspections and Investigations
428(1)
Scope
428(1)
Significance and Use
428(1)
Equipment
429(1)
Procedure
429(1)
Reports
430(1)
ASTM Standards
431(1)
FMV Standards
431(1)
SAE Standards
432(1)
Relevant Construction Standards
433(1)
NFPA Standards
433(1)
International Standards
434(1)
Appendix A Values of Fundamental Constants (MKS Units) 435(2)
Appendix B Acronyms 437(2)
Appendix C Conversion Factors 439(2)
Bibliography 441(6)
Index 447
Harold Franck, Darren Franck