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Forestry Measures for Ecologically Controlling Non-point Source Pollution in Taihu Lake Watershed, China 1st ed. 2016 [Kõva köide]

  • Formaat: Hardback, 289 pages, kõrgus x laius: 235x155 mm, kaal: 5856 g, 119 Illustrations, color; 47 Illustrations, black and white; XVI, 289 p. 166 illus., 119 illus. in color., 1 Hardback
  • Ilmumisaeg: 09-Aug-2016
  • Kirjastus: Springer Verlag, Singapore
  • ISBN-10: 9811018499
  • ISBN-13: 9789811018497
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Forestry Measures for Ecologically Controlling Non-point Source Pollution in Taihu Lake Watershed, China 1st ed. 2016Suurem pilt
  • Formaat: Hardback, 289 pages, kõrgus x laius: 235x155 mm, kaal: 5856 g, 119 Illustrations, color; 47 Illustrations, black and white; XVI, 289 p. 166 illus., 119 illus. in color., 1 Hardback
  • Ilmumisaeg: 09-Aug-2016
  • Kirjastus: Springer Verlag, Singapore
  • ISBN-10: 9811018499
  • ISBN-13: 9789811018497
Teised raamatud teemal:
Püsilink: https://www.kriso.ee/db/9789811018497.html
Märksõnad:

This book mainly focuses on ecological approaches for preventing and controlling non-point source (NPS) pollution on the basis of forestry measures. In addition to the effects of ecological control, it introduces readers to the characteristics of NPS pollution in Taihu Lake watershed, water eutrophication evaluation methods, and potential countermeasures.

Given the crucial role of surface runoff and soil erosion in producing water pollution, the book presents forestry measures to combat them, such as the creation of public welfare forests, urban forestry, planting techniques for hedgerows on slope land, the establishment of shelter belts, nitrogen and phosphorus absorption by hydrophytes, and sustainable management for wetlands. Moreover, the results are supplemented by a wealth of numerical calculations, tables, figures and photographs. The book offers a valuable guide for researchers, educators and professionals working in the areas of water environment, water security and ecological construction.

Prof. Jianfeng Zhang works at the Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Fuyang, China.

1 Characteristics of Non-point Source (NPS) Pollution in Taihu Lake Watershed
1(14)
1.1 Introduction
2(3)
1.2 Analysis on Source and Sink of Agricultural Non-point Pollution
5(3)
1.2.1 Framework of Source and Sink of NPS Pollution
5(1)
1.2.2 Components of the Source
6(1)
1.2.3 Distribution of the Sink
7(1)
1.3 Formation of Non-point Source Pollution
8(2)
1.3.1 Rainfall
8(1)
1.3.2 Human Activity
8(2)
1.4 Management and Prevention of NPS Pollution
10(5)
1.4.1 Key Measures on NPS Pollution Control
10(1)
1.4.2 Reduction on Pollutants Diffusion
11(1)
1.4.3 Strengthening of Pollution Monitoring
12(1)
References
12(3)
2 Evaluation of Water Eutrophication on Taihu Lake-Connected Channels in Yixing City
15(14)
2.1 Introduction
16(3)
2.2 Materials and Methods
19(4)
2.2.1 Study Area Description
19(2)
2.2.2 Determination of Parameters
21(2)
2.2.3 Computation Carlson Trophic State Index
23(1)
2.3 Results
23(3)
2.3.1 TN, TP, and Chlorophyll a (Chla)
23(2)
2.3.2 Carlson Trophic State Index
25(1)
2.4 Discussion
26(1)
2.5 Conclusions
27(2)
References
27(2)
3 Different Land Use Patterns to Combat NPS Pollution in the Region
29(14)
3.1 Ecological Protection Model
30(4)
3.1.1 Ecological Protective Forest Model
30(2)
3.1.2 Wetland Park Model
32(2)
3.2 Countryside Tourism Model
34(3)
3.2.1 Village Public Green Land Model
34(1)
3.2.2 Personal Private Courtyard Model
35(2)
3.3 Multiple Production Models
37(4)
3.3.1 Open Stereoscopic Agriculture Model
37(2)
3.3.2 Greenhouse Agriculture Model
39(2)
3.4 Conclusions
41(2)
References
41(2)
4 Countermeasures to Control NPS Pollution in Headwaters of Taihu Lake Basin
43(12)
4.1 Introduction
44(1)
4.2 Functions and Planting Techniques of Hedgerows
45(4)
4.2.1 Functions of Hedgerows
45(2)
4.2.2 Techniques of Hedgerows Development
47(2)
4.3 Techniques of Establishing Riparian Forest Buffer Zone
49(6)
References
53(2)
5 Roles of Forests in Ecological Control of NPS Pollution
55(18)
5.1 Current State of Pollutions
56(5)
5.1.1 Loss of Chemical Fertilizers and Pesticides from Farmlands
56(1)
5.1.2 Pollutants from Livestock Breeding and Aquaculture
57(2)
5.1.3 Domestic Sewages
59(1)
5.1.4 Atmospheric Deposition
59(2)
5.1.5 Diffuse Sources of Pollutions
61(1)
5.2 Influencing Factors for Occurrence of Non-point Source Pollution
61(1)
5.2.1 Land Use Types
61(1)
5.2.2 Farming Systems
62(1)
5.3 Functions of Forests on Ecological Control of NPS Pollution
62(8)
5.3.1 Source Reduction
62(3)
5.3.2 Sink Expansion
65(5)
5.4 Discussion and Conclusions
70(3)
References
71(2)
6 Develop Urban Forestry to Prevent Surface Runoff and Eutrophication
73(12)
6.1 Introduction
74(1)
6.2 Eutrophication and Its Implications for Coastal Ecosystem
75(2)
6.2.1 The Big Pressure on the Coastal Environment
75(1)
6.2.2 The Concept of Eutrophication
76(1)
6.2.3 Implications of Eutrophication on Coastal Ecosystem
76(1)
6.3 Causes of Eutrophication
77(3)
6.3.1 Agricultural Sources
78(1)
6.3.2 Urban Sources
78(1)
6.3.3 Marinas/Boats
78(2)
6.4 Functions of Urban Forestry
80(2)
6.5 Conclusions
82(3)
References
83(2)
7 Landscapes Change and Its Effect on Water Quality in Taihu Lake Watershed: A Case Study in Yixing City
85(18)
7.1 Site Conditions of Experimental Area
86(3)
7.2 Methods
89(4)
7.2.1 Computation Method of "Source-Sink" Landscape Contrast Index
89(1)
7.2.2 Field Sampling
90(1)
7.2.3 Statistical Analysis
91(2)
7.3 Results
93(5)
7.3.1 Landscape Contrast Index
93(3)
7.3.2 Change of Water Quality
96(2)
7.4 Discussion and Conclusions
98(5)
References
100(3)
8 Ecological Public Welfare Forests Construction in Yixing City
103(18)
8.1 Introduction
104(1)
8.2 Natural and Social Economic Status in Yixing
105(5)
8.2.1 Natural Geography Conditions
105(1)
8.2.2 Social and Economic State
105(1)
8.2.3 Forest Resources Totally
106(1)
8.2.4 Forests Distribution Along Taihu Lake
106(4)
8.3 Ecological Public Welfare Forests Construction
110(1)
8.4 Works Have Done
111(3)
8.5 Key Technology of Forests Building
114(5)
8.5.1 Tree Species Selection
114(1)
8.5.2 Tree Species Collocation Pattern
114(1)
8.5.3 Seedling Size and Treatment
115(1)
8.5.4 Planting Density
116(1)
8.5.5 Planting Techniques
116(3)
8.6 Discussion and Conclusions
119(2)
References
120(1)
9 Effects and Planting Techniques of Hedgerows in Slope Lands for NPS Pollution Control
121(20)
9.1 Introduction
122(2)
9.2 Theory of Agriculture NPS Pollution Control from the Source
124(2)
9.3 Effect and Benefits of Slope Land Nitrogen Fixation by Hedgerows
126(4)
9.4 Planting Techniques of Hedgerows in Slope Lands
130(7)
9.4.1 Design Principle
130(2)
9.4.2 Soil Preparation
132(1)
9.4.3 Planting Technology
133(3)
9.4.4 Maintenance and Management
136(1)
9.5 Discussion and Conclusions
137(4)
References
138(3)
10 Purification of Eutrophicated Water and Dynamic Kinetics of Nitrogen Absorption by 2 Salix integra Clones
141(18)
10.1 Materials and Methods
143(4)
10.1.1 Experimental Materials
143(2)
10.1.2 Purification Efficiency of Willows on Nitrogen and Phosphorous
145(1)
10.1.3 Measurement of Different Forms of Nitrogen
146(1)
10.1.4 Absorption Kinetics of NO3----N
146(1)
10.2 Results and Analysis
147(7)
10.2.1 Purification Effect of S. integra
147(4)
10.2.2 Absorption Kinetics of S. integra on Different Forms of Nitrogen
151(3)
10.3 Discussion and Conclusions
154(5)
References
157(2)
11 Physiological Characteristics and Nitrogen Absorption/Distribution Features of Salix matsudana Under Different Nitrogen Stresses
159(20)
11.1 Introduction
161(1)
11.2 Materials and Methods
162(3)
11.2.1 Cultivation of Testing Materials
162(1)
11.2.2 Experimental Methods
163(1)
11.2.3 Data Treatment
164(1)
11.3 Results and Analysis
165(9)
11.3.1 Effect of Nitrogen Treatment on Biomass and Nitrogen Absorption
165(1)
11.3.2 Effect of Nitrogen Treatment on 15N Absorption and Distribution
165(3)
11.3.3 Effects of Nitrogen Treatment on CAT, POD, SOD, and MDA in Leaf and Root
168(3)
11.3.4 Effect of Nitrogen Treatment on Root Activity and Root Morphology
171(3)
11.4 Discussion and Conclusions
174(5)
References
176(3)
12 Influences of Protective Forest Construction on Soil Nutrient Dynamics
179(16)
12.1 Introduction
180(3)
12.2 Materials and Methods
183(1)
12.2.1 Study Area
183(1)
12.2.2 Methods
183(1)
12.3 Results and Analysis
184(7)
12.3.1 Effect of Different Terrains on Soil Nutrient Contents
184(3)
12.3.2 Influence of Different Land Use Ways on Soil Nutrient Content
187(3)
12.3.3 Soil Nutrient Load Change
190(1)
12.4 Discussion and Conclusions
191(4)
References
193(2)
13 Ecological Effects of Tree Planting on Taihu Lake Watershed
195(18)
13.1 Introduction
196(3)
13.2 Description of the Test Plot
199(1)
13.3 Materials and Method
199(2)
13.3.1 Soil Sample Collection and Determination
199(1)
13.3.2 Survey of Vegetation Coverage and Plant Diversity
200(1)
13.3.3 Determination of Surface Runoff
200(1)
13.4 Results and Analysis
201(7)
13.4.1 Soil Condition Change
201(3)
13.4.2 Influence of Establishing Protective Forests on Plant Diversity
204(2)
13.4.3 Effects of Tree Planting on Surface Runoff
206(2)
13.5 Discussion and Conclusions
208(5)
References
211(2)
14 Control of TN and TP by the Pond and Wetland Integrated System
213(22)
14.1 Introduction
214(3)
14.2 Test Plot Description
217(1)
14.3 Materials and Methods
218(2)
14.4 Results and Analysis
220(10)
14.4.1 NPS Pollutant Generation, Migration Law, and Temporal and Spatial Distribution
220(2)
14.4.2 Farmland Sewage Purification by Artificial Pond--Wetland System
222(5)
14.4.3 Water Pollutant Purification in Artificial Wetland
227(3)
14.5 Discussion and Conclusions
230(5)
References
232(3)
15 N and P Absorption by Hydrophytes and Wetland Sustainable Management
235(20)
15.1 Introduction
236(1)
15.2 N and P Absorption and Cycle in Wetland Ecosystem
236(7)
15.2.1 Seasonal Change of N and P in Various Organs of Reeds
237(2)
15.2.2 Spatial Distribution Characteristics of N and P in Reeds
239(1)
15.2.3 Seasonal Accumulation of N and P in Different Organs of Cattail
240(1)
15.2.4 Spatial Distribution Characteristics of N and P in Cattail
241(1)
15.2.5 Absorption and Accumulation of N and P in Arundo donax
242(1)
15.3 Wetland Sustainable Management
243(7)
15.3.1 Ecological Compensation from Public Finance
244(3)
15.3.2 Ecological Compensation Oriented with Market Mechanism
247(1)
15.3.3 Management with Community Participation
247(3)
15.4 Conclusions
250(5)
References
252(3)
Plant Directory in Yixing 255(32)
Index 287