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Fossil Earthquakes: The Formation and Preservation of Pseudotachylytes 2008 ed. [Kõva köide]

  • Formaat: Hardback, 348 pages, kõrgus x laius: 235x155 mm, kaal: 711 g, XII, 348 p., 1 Hardback
  • Sari: Lecture Notes in Earth Sciences 111
  • Ilmumisaeg: 22-Nov-2007
  • Kirjastus: Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH & Co. K
  • ISBN-10: 3540742352
  • ISBN-13: 9783540742357
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  • Formaat: Hardback, 348 pages, kõrgus x laius: 235x155 mm, kaal: 711 g, XII, 348 p., 1 Hardback
  • Sari: Lecture Notes in Earth Sciences 111
  • Ilmumisaeg: 22-Nov-2007
  • Kirjastus: Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH & Co. K
  • ISBN-10: 3540742352
  • ISBN-13: 9783540742357
Teised raamatud teemal:
This book focuses on the earthquake source materials produced or deformed by both seismic faulting and aseismic creep within seismogenic fault zones at different levels of the crust. In particular, the mechanisms and processes involved in the formation of earthquake materials are covered also including the principal results of field investigations, analyses of meso-scale and micro-scale textures and structures, laboratory experiments, chemical analyses, conceptual fault models, as well as the implications of fault-related pseudotachylite and its related fault rocks for our understanding of earthquakes. This book is intended to help bridge the gap between seismology and geology and to encourage further studies of earthquake mechanisms and seismic faulting processes.

This book focuses on the earthquake source materials produced or deformed by both seismic faulting and aseismic creep within seismogenic fault zones at different levels of the crust. In particular, the mechanisms and processes involved in the formation of earthquake materials are covered. The book is intended to help bridge the gap between seismology and geology and to encourage further studies of earthquake mechanisms and seismic faulting processes.

Arvustused

From the reviews:









"The book by Professor Lin provides an overview of the current understanding of fault-related pseudotachylytes. The overview is based on a comprehensive examination of the literature and on the experience of the author . It will be helpful for students and researchers involved in the new era of pseudotachylyte research, which relies more and more on high-velocity friction experiments." (Olivier Fabbri, The Journal of Geology, Vol. 116, 2008)

Introduction
1(4)
Terminology and Origin of Pseudotachylyte
5(12)
Terminology
5(3)
Controversy Regarding the Physical Origin of Pseudotachylyte
8(9)
Pseudotachylyte-Related Fault Rocks and Conceptual Fault Models
17(30)
Introduction
17(1)
Fault Rocks
18(22)
Classification of Fault Rocks
18(5)
Mylonitic Rocks
23(2)
Cataclastic Rocks
25(14)
Formation of S-C Fabrics
39(1)
Fault Zone Strength and Fault Model
40(7)
Seismogenic Fault Zone Strength
40(3)
Conceptual Fault Zone Model
43(4)
Tectonic Environment and Structure of Pseudotachylyte Veins
47(28)
Tectonic Environment and Field Occurrence of Pseudotachylyte
47(13)
Tectonic Environment
47(1)
Field Occurrence
48(7)
Chilling-margin and Crack Textures
55(5)
Classification of Pseudotachylyte Veins
60(10)
Fault Veins and Injection Veins
60(4)
Pseudotachylyte Generation Zones
64(6)
Relation Between Fault Vein Thickness and Slip Amount
70(5)
Pseudotachylyte Matrix
75(30)
Introduction
75(1)
Microstructural Characteristics
76(14)
Textural Classification of Pseudotachylyte Matrix
76(5)
Flow Structures
81(3)
Vesicles and Amygdules
84(6)
Powder X-Ray Diffraction Analysis
90(6)
X-Ray Diffraction Patterns for Pseudotachylyte
90(3)
Quantitative Analysis of Glass and the Crystalline Fraction
93(2)
Quantitative Analysis of Crystalline Material
95(1)
Discussion
96(9)
Properties of Glass and Glassy Matrix
96(1)
Effect of Frictional Melt on Fault Strength
97(1)
Estimation of the Formation Depth of Pseudotachylyte
98(7)
Microlites
105(34)
Introduction
105(1)
Texture and Morphology of Microlite
106(12)
Texture
106(1)
Morphology
106(12)
Microlite Chemistry and Magnetic Properties
118(14)
Microlite Chemistry
118(10)
Magnetic Properties
128(4)
Discussion of the Mechanism of Microlite Formation
132(7)
Fragments Within Pseudotachylyte Veins
139(20)
Terminology
139(1)
Fragments that Resemble Conglomerate Clasts
139(4)
Grain-size Analysis
143(8)
Grain-size Distribution Within Melt-origin Pseudotachylyte
143(5)
Grain-size Distribution: A Discussion
148(3)
Fabrics of Fragments and Degree of Rounding
151(4)
Fabrics
151(1)
Degree of Rounding of Fragments
151(4)
Formation of Rounded Fragments: A Discussion
155(4)
Chemical Composition and Melting Processes of Pseudotachylyte
159(18)
Introduction
159(1)
Bulk-Vein and Matrix Compositions
160(9)
Bulk Composition of Pseudotachylyte Veins
160(2)
Chemical Composition of Pseudotachylyte Matrix
162(6)
Water Contents of Pseudotachylyte Veins
168(1)
Discussion
169(8)
Melting Processes
169(2)
Melt Temperature
171(2)
Role of Water During Frictional Melting
173(4)
Formation of Pseudotachylyte in the Brittle and Plastic Regimes
177(48)
Introduction
177(2)
Woodroffe Pseudotachylytes
179(18)
Tectonic Setting of the Woodroffe Thrust
179(2)
Field Occurrences of the Woodroffe Pseudotachylytes
181(6)
Microstructures
187(10)
Dahezhen Pseudotachylytes
197(15)
Tectonic Setting of the Dahezhen Shear Zone
197(1)
Field Occurrence of the Dahezhen Pseudotachylytes
198(6)
Microscopy and Chemical Composition
204(8)
Discussion
212(13)
Formation Mechanisms of Large Volumes of Pseudotachylytes
212(4)
Conditions of Formation of the Dahezhen and Woodroffe M-Pt Veins
216(9)
Crushing-Origin Pseudotachylyte and Veinlet Cataclastic Rocks
225(40)
Introduction
225(1)
Occurrence of Crushing-Origin Pseudotachylyte and Cataclastic Veins
226(11)
Crushing-Origin Pseudotachylyte
226(4)
Fault-Gouge Injection Veins
230(2)
Layered Fault Gouge and Pseudotachylyte Veins
232(2)
Crack-Fill Veins
234(3)
Petrologic Characteristics of Veinlet Cataclastic Rocks
237(16)
Microstructures of Veinlet Cataclastic Rocks
237(7)
Powder X-ray Diffraction Analysis of Veinlet Material
244(6)
Chemical Composition Data and Isotope Analyses
250(2)
Age Data for Crack-fill Veins
252(1)
Discussion on the Formation Mechanisms of Veinlet Cataclastic Rocks
253(12)
Formation Mechanism of Amorphous Material Within Veinlet Cataclastic Rocks
253(1)
Coseismic Fluidization of Fine-grained Material Within Fault Zones
254(2)
Repeated Events of Seismic Slip
256(1)
Repeated Coseismic Infiltration of Surface Water into Deep Fault Zones
257(8)
Landslide-related Pseudotachylyte
265(18)
Introduction
265(1)
Occurrences of Landslides and Related Pseudotachylytes
266(8)
Langtang Himalaya Landslide and Related Pseudotachylyte
266(3)
Chiufener-Shan Landslide and Related Pseudotachylyte
269(5)
Petrographic Characteristics of Landslide-related Pseudotachylytes
274(6)
Petrography of the Langtang Himalaya Pseudotachylyte
274(3)
Petrography of the Chiufener-Shan Pseudotachylyte
277(2)
Glass Contents of the Observed Pseudotachylytes
279(1)
Discussion of the P-T Conditions during the Formation of Landslide-related Pseudotachylyte
280(3)
Experimentally Generated Pseudotachylyte
283(38)
Introduction
283(1)
High-Velocity Frictional Experiments
284(9)
Test Equipment and Experimental Conditions
284(6)
Experiment Samples and Procedures
290(2)
High-Velocity Frictional Properties
292(1)
Microstructures of Experimentally Generated Pseudotachylyte
293(7)
Textures of the Fault Shear Plane
293(1)
Vein Geometry and Texture of Molten Material
294(6)
Powder X-ray Diffraction Analysis of Run Products
300(4)
Diffraction Patterns of Run Products
300(1)
Quantitative Analysis
301(3)
Chemical Composition Data
304(11)
Gabbro Samples
304(3)
Granite Samples
307(1)
Albitite-Quartz and Anorthosite-Anorthosite Pairs
308(7)
Discussion
315(6)
Vein Geometry
315(1)
Melting Textures
315(1)
Non-equilibrium Melting Processes
316(2)
Melting Temperature
318(1)
High-Velocity Slip Weakening
319(2)
References 321(20)
Index 341