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Foundations of Consciousness [Kõva köide]

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(University of Turku, Finland; University of Skövde, Sweden)
  • Formaat: Hardback, 174 pages, kõrgus x laius: 246x174 mm, kaal: 500 g, 20 Line drawings, black and white
  • Ilmumisaeg: 14-Jul-2017
  • Kirjastus: Routledge
  • ISBN-10: 0415594669
  • ISBN-13: 9780415594660
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Foundations of ConsciousnessSuurem pilt
  • Formaat: Hardback, 174 pages, kõrgus x laius: 246x174 mm, kaal: 500 g, 20 Line drawings, black and white
  • Ilmumisaeg: 14-Jul-2017
  • Kirjastus: Routledge
  • ISBN-10: 0415594669
  • ISBN-13: 9780415594660
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Märksõnad:
The conscious mind is life as we experience it; we see the world, feel our emotions and think our thoughts thanks to consciousness. This book provides an easy introduction to the foundations of consciousness; how can subjective consciousness be measured scientifically? What happens to the conscious mind and self when the brain gets injured? How does consciousness, our subjective self or soul, arise from the activities of the brain?Addressing the philosophical and historical roots of the problems alongside current scientific approaches to consciousness in psychology and neuroscience, Foundations of Consciousness examines key questions as well as delving deeper to look at altered and higher states of consciousness. Using student friendly pedagogy throughout, the book discusses some of the most difficult to explain phenomena of consciousness, including dreaming, hypnosis, out-of-body experiences, and mystical experiences. Foundations of Consciousness provides an essential introduction to the scientific and philosophical approaches to consciousness for students in psychology, neuroscience, cognitive science and philosophy. It will also appeal to those interested in the nature of the human soul, giving an insight into the motivation behind scientist’s and philosopher’s attempts to understand our place as conscious beings in the physical world.
List of figures
viii
Preface: consciousness - the dark energy of the brain? ix
Acknowledgments xi
1 Psychology and the scientific study of consciousness
1(10)
Psychology focuses on the study of psychological reality
1(1)
Early psychology as the science of the conscious mind
2(1)
20th-century psychology as the science of behavior, cognition, and the unconscious
2(1)
Psychology without consciousness: the baby was thrown out with the bathwater
3(1)
21st-century psychology welcomes consciousness back
4(1)
Three modern philosophical problems: "what is it like", "the Explanatory Gap", and "the Hard Problem"
4(2)
Some research problems in the science of consciousness
6(5)
2 What is consciousness?
11(17)
The concept of consciousness
11(1)
Phenomenal consciousness
12(2)
The structure of phenomenal consciousness
14(1)
Reflective consciousness: the thinking conscious mind
15(1)
Self-awareness
16(3)
Summary: three core concepts of consciousness
19(1)
The state of being conscious and the particular contents of consciousness
20(1)
Consciousness and behavior: zombies and inverse zombies
21(2)
Confusing concepts
23(4)
Landmark study: consciousness in the vegetative state
27(1)
3 The philosophy of consciousness
28(20)
Philosophy probes the fundamental questions about consciousness
28(1)
The fundamental nature of consciousness
29(1)
Dualism: the ghost in the machine
30(3)
Monistic materialism (physicalism)
33(1)
Reductive materialism
33(3)
Emergent materialism
36(1)
Idealism
37(1)
Neutral monism
38(2)
Functionalism
40(2)
The philosophical core of the mind-body problem
42(2)
The Hard Problem and the Explanatory Gap
44(1)
Have we reached the limits of science?
45(2)
Landmark study: what is it like to be a bat?
47(1)
4 The history of consciousness in psychological science
48(13)
Introduction
49(1)
Before the Golden Age: a science of consciousness shall never be
49(1)
Prelude to consciousness science: the scientific measurement of consciousness
50(1)
Wilhelm Wundt: the founding father of experimental psychology
51(1)
The atoms of consciousness: Titchener and Structuralism
52(2)
The dynamic stream and the holistic field of consciousness
54(1)
The rise and fall of the First Golden Age
55(1)
Why psychology should NOT be the science of consciousness
56(2)
Cognitive science: a science of the mind, devoid of consciousness
58(1)
Towards the new Golden Age of consciousness science
59(2)
5 Methods for the scientific study of consciousness
61(16)
How to measure consciousness scientifically
62(1)
Subjective verbal reports: dream research
63(1)
Problems with descriptive introspection
64(4)
Content analysis of verbal reports
68(1)
Experience sampling methods
69(1)
Thinking out loud
69(1)
Retrospective questionnaires
70(1)
Experimental methods to study consciousness in the laboratory
71(6)
6 Neuropsychology and consciousness
77(17)
Introduction
77(1)
Neuropsychology and the unity of visual consciousness
78(3)
Dissociations and consciousness
81(5)
Deficits of self-awareness
86(8)
7 The neural correlates of consciousness (NCC)
94(13)
Introduction
95(1)
Methods in NCC research
95(2)
NCCs of consciousness as a state
97(1)
Vegetative state and other global disorders of consciousness
98(1)
NCCs of visual consciousness
99(8)
8 Dreaming
107(18)
A Brief history of dreaming and consciousness
107(3)
Hypnagogic and hypnopompic hallucinations
110(1)
Sleep paralysis
110(1)
Sleep mentation vs. dreaming
111(1)
The contents of dreaming
112(3)
Why do we dream?
115(2)
Lucid dreaming
117(2)
Bad dreams and nightmares
119(1)
Night terrors
119(1)
Sleepwalking and nocturnal wandering
120(1)
REM sleep behavior disorder and dreamwalking
120(4)
Landmark study: induction of self-awareness in dreams through frontal low current stimulation of gamma activity
124(1)
9 Hypnosis
125(9)
What is hypnosis?
125(1)
Brief history of hypnosis
126(1)
Hypnotic induction and different types of suggestion
127(1)
Hypnotic suggestibility
128(1)
Is hypnosis an altered state of consciousness?
129(1)
What happens to consciousness under hypnosis?
130(2)
Theoretical studies vs. clinical applications of hypnosis
132(2)
10 Higher states of consciousness
134(20)
Introduction
134(1)
Meditation
135(1)
Optimal experience and flow
136(2)
Runner's High
138(1)
Out-of-body experiences (OBEs)
138(4)
Near-death experiences (NDEs)
142(5)
Mystical experiences
147(1)
Enlightenment: the highest state of consciousness?
148(5)
Landmark study: increased global functional connectivity correlates with LSD-induced ego dissolution
153(1)
Afterword 154(3)
Glossary 157(10)
Index 167
Antti Revonsuo is Professor of Cognitive Neuroscience at the University of Skövde, Sweden, and Professor of Psychology at the University of Turku, Finland. He has been conducting research on consciousness and the philosophical mind-brain -problem since the early 1990s, focusing on dreaming and consciousness and on the neural correlates of visual consciousness. He has published two books on consciousness, Inner Presence: Consciousness as a Biological Phenomenon (MIT Press, 2006) and Consciousness, The Science of Subjectivity (Psychology Press, 2010). Revonsuo is also known for his evolutionary-psychological theory of dreaming, the threat-simulation theory.