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Fractures of the Pelvis and Acetabulum (AO): Principles and Methods of Management 4th edition [Kõva köide]

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  • Formaat: Hardback, 1000 pages, kõrgus x laius: 280x210 mm, kaal: 3810 g
  • Ilmumisaeg: 11-Mar-2015
  • Kirjastus: Thieme Publishing Group
  • ISBN-10: 3132006319
  • ISBN-13: 9783132006317
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Fractures of the Pelvis and Acetabulum (AO): Principles and Methods of Management 4th editionSuurem pilt
  • Formaat: Hardback, 1000 pages, kõrgus x laius: 280x210 mm, kaal: 3810 g
  • Ilmumisaeg: 11-Mar-2015
  • Kirjastus: Thieme Publishing Group
  • ISBN-10: 3132006319
  • ISBN-13: 9783132006317
Teised raamatud teemal:
Püsilink: https://www.kriso.ee/db/9783132006317.html
The fourth edition of this well-known and highly regarded book by Marvin Tile et al. is now a two-volume set of books based on the AO principles of operative management of fractures, as applied to the pelvis and acetabulum. With the collaboration of over 80 international expert surgeons and through hundreds of images and illustrations, each volume emphasizes decision making based on the assessment of the personality of the injury through the patient's history, physical examination, and interpretation of radiographic investigations. Access to video presentations demonstrating surgical approaches and reduction techniques performed by world-renowned experts is included.



Hear the authors discuss Fractures of the Pelvis and Acetabulum.
Section 1 Principles of the treatment of pelvic ring injuries
1(98)
1.1 Anatomy of the pelvic ring
3(14)
Marvin Tile
James F Kellam
1 Introduction
3(1)
2 Structural stability
3(5)
3 Interior of pelvis
8(8)
4 References
16(1)
1.2 Biomechanics and methods of internal fixation
17(22)
John T Gorczyca
1 Introduction
17(1)
2 Anatomical structures
17(2)
3 Concept of pelvic stability
19(1)
4 Injury force patterns
20(2)
5 Biomechanics of pelvic fixation
22(13)
6 Conclusion
35(1)
7 References
36(3)
1.3 Pathoanatomy, mechanisms of injury, and classification
39(22)
Kelly Lefaivre
Peter J O'Brien
Marvin Tile
1 Introduction
39(1)
2 Pathoanatomy
39(2)
3 Mechanisms of injury
41(6)
4 Classification
47(5)
5 Comprehensive classification
52(1)
6 Type 61-A: stable
53(1)
7 Type 61-B: partially stable
54(1)
8 Type 61-C completely unstable (Young-Burgess APC III, VS)
55(1)
9 Pelvic ring disruption associated with acetabular fracture
56(1)
10 Conclusion
57(3)
11 References
60(1)
1.4 General assessment and management of the polytrauma patient
61(22)
Wolfgang K Ertel
James F Kellam
1 Introduction
61(1)
2 General principles
62(7)
3 Principles of damage control
69(2)
4 Relationship of pelvic fractures to injuries in other systems
71(1)
5 Specific treatment of pelvic disruption in a multiply injured patient
72(4)
6 Control of pelvic hemorrhage
76(4)
7 Definite fracture care in the multiply injured patient
80(1)
8 Conclusion
80(1)
9 References
81(2)
1.5 Defining the injury: assessment and principles of management of pelvic ring fractures
83(16)
Richard J Jenkinson
Marvin Tile
Joel Rubenstein
1 Introduction
83(1)
2 Clinical assessment
83(4)
3 Radiographic assessment
87(5)
4 Principles of management of pelvic ring fractures
92(6)
5 References
98(1)
Section 2 Techniques
99(164)
1.6 Surgical approaches to the pelvis
103(14)
Michael J Weaver
James F Kellam
1 General considerations
103(1)
2 Approaches to the anterior ring
103(5)
3 Approaches to the posterior ring
108(1)
4 Anterior (intrapelvic) approach to the sacroiliac joint
108(2)
5 Posterior (extrapelvic) approach to the sacroiliac joint and lateral sacrum
110(3)
6 Sacral approach
113(2)
7 References
115(2)
1.7 External fixation of the pelvic ring
117(16)
Pol M Rommens
Alexander Hofmann
1 Introduction
117(1)
2 Biomechanical aspects
117(2)
3 Indications
119(2)
4 Application methods
121(2)
5 Pin placement in the iliac crest
123(5)
6 Pin placement in the anterior inferior iliac spine
128(1)
7 Frame design
128(1)
8 Aftercare
129(1)
9 Conclusion
129(2)
10 References
131(2)
1.8.1 Internal fixation of the injured pelvic ring: rationale
133(6)
Marvin Tile
1 Introduction
133(1)
2 Benefits of internal fixation
133(2)
3 Risks
135(2)
4 Individual types: rationale
137(1)
5 Conclusion
137(1)
6 References
138(1)
1.8.2 Internal fixation of the injured pelvic ring: navigation
139(14)
Rami Mosheiff
Meir (Iri) Liebergall
1 Patient selection and indications
139(1)
2 Preoperative assessment
140(3)
3 Surgical technique
143(1)
4 Principles of navigation and guidance
144(7)
5 Conclusion
151(1)
6 References
152(1)
1.8.3 The management of the injured pelvic ring: internal fixation of stable pelvic ring fractures (type A)
153(6)
Markku T Nousiainen
Philip A Brady
1 Patient selection/indications
153(1)
2 Nonoperative management
154(1)
3 Preoperative planning
154(1)
4 Surgical techniques
155(2)
5 Postoperative care
157(1)
6 Results
157(1)
7 Complications
157(1)
8 Conclusion
157(1)
9 References
158(1)
1.8.4 The management of the injured pelvic ring: internal fixation of the anterior pelvic injuries-open book type (B1)
159(16)
Sean E Nork
1 Introduction
159(3)
2 Nonoperative management
162(1)
3 Preoperative planning
162(1)
4 Surgical techniques
163(7)
5 Postoperative care
170(1)
6 Results
170(1)
7 Complications
171(1)
8 Conclusion
172(1)
9 References
173(2)
1.8.5 Internal fixation of lateral compression fractures (type B2)
175(12)
Stephen H Sims
1 Patient selection and indications
175(1)
2 Nonoperative treatment
176(1)
3 Preoperative planning
177(1)
4 Surgical technique
177(4)
5 Special fracture considerations
181(4)
6 Postoperative care
185(1)
7 Results
185(1)
8 Conclusion
185(1)
9 References
185(2)
1.8.6 Internal fixation of unstable fractures (types B3 and C)
187(48)
Milton Lee (Chip) Routt Jr.
Timothy S Achor
1 Patient selection/indications
187(5)
2 Nonoperative management
192(1)
3 Preoperative planning
192(2)
4 Surgical techniques
194(36)
5 Postoperative care
230(1)
6 Results
231(1)
7 Complications
231(1)
8 Conclusion
232(1)
9 References
233(2)
1.9 Sacral fractures
235(28)
Tim Pohlemann
Jorg H Holstein
Ulf Culemann
1 Introduction
235(1)
2 Anatomy
235(1)
3 Neurovascular anatomy
236(1)
4 Clinical importance of the sacral anatomy
237(1)
5 Classification
237(3)
6 Incidence and injury mechanism
240(1)
7 Patient selection and indications
241(3)
8 Preoperative planning
244(1)
9 Surgical techniques
244(4)
10 Surgical approaches
248(3)
11 Fracture stabilization and choice of implants
251(4)
12 Completely unstable pelvic ring injury (type C) with major displacement and without neurological deficit
255(3)
13 Postoperative care
258(2)
14 Complications
260(1)
15 Conclusion
260(1)
16 References
261(2)
Section 3 Special indications
263(88)
1.10 Lumbosacral instability and stabilization
265(10)
Colin V Crickard
Joshua C Patt
1 Introduction
265(4)
2 Preoperative planning
269(1)
3 Surgical technique
269(3)
4 Decompression technique
272(1)
5 Closure technique
272(1)
6 Postoperative care
273(1)
7 Outcomes
273(1)
8 Conclusion
274(1)
9 References
274(1)
1.11 Open pelvic fracture
275(10)
Robert V O'Toole
Ted Manson
1 Introduction
275(1)
2 Classification
275(1)
3 Initial management
276(1)
4 Preoperative planning
277(1)
5 Surgical techniques
278(4)
6 Tips and tricks
282(1)
7 Postoperative care
282(1)
8 Results
283(1)
9 Complications
283(1)
10 Conclusion
283(1)
11 References
284(1)
1.12 Pelvic ring disruption in women: genitourinary and obstetrical implications
285(20)
Carol E Copeland
1 Introduction
285(1)
2 The nonpregnant female patient
285(10)
3 The pregnant trauma patient
295(2)
4 Pelvic trauma as a consequence of pregnancy
297(4)
5 Conclusion
301(1)
6 References
302(3)
1.13 Urological injuries in pelvic ring trauma: assessment and management in male patients
305(8)
Ron Kodama
Raj Satkunasivam
1 Anatomy and classification
305(2)
2 Bladder injuries
307(2)
3 Pelvic fracture urethral injuries
309(2)
4 Conclusion
311(1)
5 References
312(1)
1.14 Injury to the pelvis in pediatric patients: the immature skeleton
313(24)
Theddy Slongo
1 Anatomy and classification
313(6)
2 Patient selection and indications
319(1)
3 Preoperative planning
320(1)
4 Surgical techniques
321(10)
5 Postoperative care
331(1)
6 Results and outcomes
332(2)
7 Complications
334(1)
8 Conclusion
334(1)
9 References
335(2)
1.15.1 Insufficiency fractures of the pelvis: metabolic and nonoperative workup
337(10)
Aasis Unnanuntana
Anas Saleh
Joseph M Lane
1 Introduction
337(1)
2 Etiology and pathogenesis
337(1)
3 Assessment and medical evaluation
338(4)
4 Nonoperative management
342(2)
5 Conclusion
344(1)
6 References
344(3)
1.15.2 Insufficiency fractures of the pelvis: operative management
347(4)
Karen Hand
James F Kellam
1 Patient selection and indications
347(1)
2 Preoperative planning
347(1)
3 Surgical techniques
347(1)
4 Postoperative care
348(1)
5 Conclusion
348(2)
6 References
350(1)
Section 4 Results and complications
351(74)
1.16.1 Outcomes after pelvic ring injuries: general concept and conclusion
353(8)
Patrick DG Henry
Richard J Jenkinson
Hans J Kreder
1 Introduction
353(1)
2 Outcomes and complications following pelvic ring injuries
353(4)
3 Injury and treatment factors related to outcome
357(1)
4 Conclusion
358(1)
5 References
359(2)
1.16.2 Outcomes after pelvic ring injuries: critical review of the world experience
361(16)
Axel Gansslen
1 Introduction
361(1)
2 Health outcomes and management
361(2)
3 Level of evidence and evidence-based practice
363(1)
4 Basis of outcomes evaluation of pelvic ring injuries
363(1)
5 Outcomes after type A injuries
364(1)
6 Outcomes after type B injuries
365(3)
7 Outcomes after type C injuries
368(5)
8 Conclusion
373(1)
9 References
374(3)
1.17 Venous thromboembolism in pelvic trauma
377(24)
William H Geerts
1 Introduction
377(1)
2 Epidemiology of venous thromboembolism in pelvic trauma
377(3)
3 Diagnosis of clinically suspected venous thromboembolism
380(2)
4 Treatment of venous thromboembolism in patients with pelvic trauma
382(1)
5 Prevention of venous thromboembolism in pelvic trauma
383(5)
6 Screening for asymptomatic deep vein thrombosis
388(1)
7 Practical aspects of thrombosis prevention in patients with pelvic fracture
389(2)
8 Conclusion
391(1)
9 References
392(9)
1.18 Complications of pelvic trauma
401(14)
Andrew Grose
David E Asprinio
Marvin Tile
1 Introduction
401(1)
2 Early complications
401(7)
3 Late complications
408(3)
4 Conclusion
411(1)
5 References
412(3)
1.19 Malunion and nonunion of the pelvis: posttraumatic deformity
415(10)
Michael D Stover
William D Lack
1 Incidence
415(1)
2 Etiology
415(1)
3 Deformity
416(1)
4 Definition
416(1)
5 Symptomatology
416(3)
6 Patient evaluation
419(1)
7 Treatment
420(3)
8 References
423(2)
Volume 2
Section 5 Principles of the treatment of acetabular fractures
425(78)
2.1 Anatomy of the acetabulum
427(14)
Carl R Freeman
Michael Leunig
Martin Beck
Reinhold Ganz
1 Introduction
427(1)
2 Hip development
427(1)
3 Acetabular landmarks
427(2)
4 Acetabular structure
429(1)
5 Radiographic anatomy
430(2)
6 Hip stability
432(1)
7 Acetabular orientation
432(1)
8 Acetabular cartilage
432(1)
9 Acetabular biomechanics
433(1)
10 Hip circulation
434(5)
11 Summary
439(1)
12 References
439(2)
2.2 Biomechanics of acetabular fractures
441(6)
Steven A Olson
1 Normal hip mechanics
441(1)
2 Acetabular fractures
442(2)
3 Mechanics of acetabular fixation
444(1)
4 Conclusion
445(1)
5 References
445(2)
2.3 Pathoanatomy and classification of acetabularfractures
447(24)
Jorge E Alonso
James F Kellam
Marvin Tile
1 Introduction
447(1)
2 Mechanism of injury
447(2)
3 Diagnosing the fracture
449(4)
4 Letournel-Judet classification (AO/OTA Fracture and Dislocation Classification)
453(15)
5 Conclusion
468(2)
6 References
470(1)
2.4 Defining the injury: assessment and principles of management of acetabular fractures
471(10)
Markku T Nousiainen
Philip A Brady
Marvin Tile
1 Introduction
471(1)
2 Clinical assessment
471(1)
3 Radiographic assessment
471(5)
4 Postoperative assessment
476(2)
5 Imaging of complications and associated injuries
478(1)
6 Conclusion
479(1)
7 References
480(1)
2.5 Decision making: nonoperative and operative indications for treatment of acetabular fractures
481(16)
Steven A Olson
Michael Zlowodzki
1 Introduction
481(1)
2 Pelvic anatomy
481(1)
3 Fracture classifications
482(1)
4 Nonoperative treatment of acetabular fractures
482(3)
5 Operative treatment of acetabular fractures
485(1)
6 Choice of operative approach
485(7)
7 Special circumstances
492(2)
8 Delayed fracture indications
494(1)
9 Acute total hip arthroplasty
494(1)
10 Conclusion
495(1)
11 References
495(2)
2.6 General assessment and perioperative management of acetabular fractures
497(6)
Andrew Grose
Douglas ST Green
Sean E Garvin
1 Introduction
497(1)
2 Evaluation of the patient as a whole
497(1)
3 Evaluation of the patient as a surgical candidate
498(1)
4 Medical optimization and anesthetic management
498(1)
5 General guidelines for anesthesia for pelvic fractures
499(1)
6 Anesthetic plan: nuances for associated injuries
500(1)
7 Blood/fluid resuscitation
500(1)
8 Conclusion
501(1)
9 References
501(2)
Section 6 Techniques
503(284)
2.7 Specific surgical approaches and technique
507(80)
Craig S Bartlett
David L Helfet
1 Introduction
507(1)
2 Indications for surgery and perioperative considerations
507(2)
3 The geriatric patient
509(2)
4 Timing of surgery
511(1)
5 Preoperative planning
512(1)
6 Selection of the optimal surgical approach
513(5)
7 Specific approaches
518(4)
8 Surgical technique
522(10)
9 Alternative to Kocher-Langenbeck: the modified Gibson approach
532(38)
10 Other special technical factors: trochanteric flip osteotomy with surgical dislocation of the femoral head for treatment of fractures of the acetabulum
570(5)
11 Extension of the ilioinguinal approach
575(2)
12 Postoperative management
577(2)
13 Conclusion
579(1)
14 References
580(7)
2.8 Planning and decision making: surgical approaches
587(24)
David C Dewar
David L Helfet
1 Why should we plan?
587(1)
2 Timing
587(2)
3 Imaging
589(1)
4 Planning/templating
590(2)
5 Operating room preparation
592(1)
6 Specific challenges to reducing individual fracture patterns
592(4)
7 Approach planning
596(1)
8 Anterior approaches
597(5)
9 Posterior approaches
602(2)
10 Transtrochanteric approach
604(1)
11 Extensile approaches
604(5)
12 Conclusion
609(1)
13 References
609(2)
2.9.1 Computer-assisted closed techniques of reduction and fixation
611(14)
David M Kahler
1 Introduction
611(1)
2 Early experience
612(1)
3 Computer-assisted orthopedic surgery (image-guided surgery)
613(2)
4 3-D (CT-based) versus 2-D (image intensification - based) surgical navigation for pelvic and acetabular fractures
615(2)
5 Screw trajectories for specific acetabular fracture patterns
617(5)
6 Reduction of radiation exposure to patient and surgeon
622(1)
7 Conclusion
622(1)
8 References
623(2)
2.9.2 Image intensifier---assisted closed techniques of reduction and fixation
625(14)
Joshua L Gary
Peter Bates
Adam J Starr
1 Introduction
625(1)
2 Screw pathways and image intensifier visualization
625(5)
3 Surgical indications
630(3)
4 Operative techniques
633(2)
5 Specific fracture configurations
635(1)
6 Hardware options
636(1)
7 Complications
637(1)
8 References
637(2)
2.10.1 Techniques of reduction and fixation for acetabular fractures: open methods
639(22)
Jeffrey W Mast
1 Introduction
639(1)
2 Posterior wall fractures
639(9)
3 Reduction techniques
648(3)
4 Associated fractures
651(9)
5 Conclusion
660(1)
6 References
660(1)
2.10.2 Surgical management of wall and column fractures (type A)
661(30)
Berton R Moed
David JG Stephen
1 Type A fractures: posterior wall (A1), posterior column (A2), and anterior column or anterior wall (A3)
661(1)
2 Type A1: posterior wall fractures
662(10)
3 Type A2: posterior column fractures
672(7)
4 Type A3: anterior column or anterior wall
679(9)
5 Conclusion
688(1)
6 References
689(2)
2.10.3 Surgical management of B types: B1, B2, B3
691(36)
David S Wellman
David L Helfet
1 Introduction
691(1)
2 Patient selection/indications
692(1)
3 B1: transverse fractures (including transverse with an associated posterior wall fragment)
692(13)
4 Transverse with posterior wall
705(3)
5 B2: partial articular fractures (T-type)
708(11)
6 B3: anterior column with posterior hemitransverse fractures
719(7)
7 References
726(1)
2.10.4 Surgical management of associated both-column fractures (type C)
727(30)
Ketih A Mayo
1 Introduction
727(1)
2 Patient selection/indications
727(1)
3 Preoperative planning
727(1)
4 Surgical techniques
728(1)
5 Operating room logistics/patient positioning
729(1)
6 Reduction and fixation
730(26)
7 Postoperative care
756(1)
8 Results
756(1)
9 Complications
756(1)
10 Conclusion
756(1)
11 References
756(1)
2.11.1 Cerclage wires and cable fixation for an acetabular fracture
757(10)
Marvin Tile
Dana C Mears
1 Introduction
757(1)
2 Instrumentation for cable fixation of the acetabulum
757(3)
3 Preferred fractures for the use of cable fixation
760(2)
4 Other applications of cables inserted through the ilioinguinal approach
762(1)
5 Cable fixation for an acetabular fracture managed with an acute total hip replacement
762(3)
6 Conclusion
765(1)
7 References
765(2)
2.11.2 Intrapelvic approach in acetabular fractures
767(8)
Eero Hirvensalo
Jan Lindahl
1 Introduction
767(1)
2 Indications
767(1)
3 Technique for the intrapelvic approach
768(2)
4 Reduction and fixation techniques
770(4)
5 Complications
774(1)
6 Conclusion
774(1)
7 References
774(1)
2.11.3 Use of bone substitutes
775(6)
Jason L Pittman
Thomas A Einhorn
1 Introduction
775(1)
2 Bone cements
775(1)
3 Biological agents used to augment fracture healing
776(2)
4 Conclusion
778(1)
5 References
779(2)
2.11.4 Intraoperative assessment of acetabular fractures
781(6)
Christian Krettek
Volker Stuber
Timo Stubig
Musa Citak
1 Introduction
781(1)
2 Intraoperative assessment
781(4)
3 Postoperative imaging
785(1)
4 References
786(1)
Section 7 Special situations
787(84)
2.12 The elderly patient with an acetabular fracture
789(14)
Eben A Carroll
David L Helfet
1 Introduction
789(1)
2 Acute total hip arthroplasty
790(3)
3 Minimally invasive techniques
793(2)
4 Open reduction and internal fixation
795(1)
5 Technical tricks
795(1)
6 Treatment failure and delayed total hip arthroplasty
796(5)
7 Conclusion
801(1)
8 References
802(1)
2.13 Primary total hip arthroplasty for acetabular fracture
803(20)
Dana C Mears
1 Introduction
803(3)
2 Indications for an acute total THA
806(3)
3 Contraindications to acute THA
809(1)
4 Preoperative assessment
810(1)
5 Surgical strategies for acute THA with stabilization of the acetabulum
810(1)
6 Standard surgical technique
811(1)
7 Techniques for specific fracture patterns
811(3)
8 Small incision techniques for THA and their use for acute acetabular fractures
814(1)
9 Alternative strategies for fracture fixation and buttressing of bone graft
814(4)
10 Results
818(1)
11 Complications
819(1)
12 Conclusion
819(2)
13 References
821(2)
2.14 Total hip arthroplasty after acetabular fracture
823(12)
Matthew L Jimenez
1 Introduction
823(1)
2 Total hip arthroplasty for failed treatment of acetabular fractures
823(1)
3 Early THA for acute treatment of acetabular fractures
824(5)
4 Late hip arthroplasty
829(1)
5 Technical considerations
829(1)
6 Postoperative management
830(3)
7 Conclusion
833(1)
8 References
833(2)
2.15 Pathological pelvic fractures and acetabular reconstruction in metastatic disease
835(14)
John H Healey
Holly Brown Lenard
1 Introduction
835(1)
2 Metastatic disease of the acetabulum
836(1)
3 Classification
837(4)
4 Basic principles
841(1)
5 Technique
842(4)
6 Tumor-related conditions affecting the pelvis
846(1)
7 Conclusion
846(2)
8 References
848(1)
2.16 Acetabular fracture in the pediatric patient: the immature skeleton
849(18)
Theddy Slongo
1 Anatomy and classification
849(3)
2 Diagnostics
852(3)
3 Decision for nonoperative or operative therapy
855(2)
4 Surgical techniques
857(6)
5 Postoperative care
863(1)
6 Results
864(1)
7 Complications
864(1)
8 Conclusion
865(1)
9 References
866(1)
2.17 Posttraumatic acetabular dysplasia
867(4)
Reinhold Ganz
Lisa M Tibor
Claudio Dora
1 Introduction
867(1)
2 Pathophysiology
867(1)
3 Pathomorphology
867(2)
4 Symptoms
869(1)
5 Surgical correction
869(1)
6 References
870(1)
Section 8 Results and complications
871
2.18 Early complications
873(12)
Gregory J Schmeling
Jason W Roberts
Emily L Exten
1 Introduction
873(1)
2 Mortality
873(1)
3 Thromboembolism
874(1)
4 Infection
875(2)
5 Nerve injury
877(2)
6 Malreduction
879(1)
7 Failure of fixation
880(1)
8 Vascular injury
881(1)
9 Intraarticular hardware
882(1)
10 Trochanteric osteotomy
882(1)
11 References
883(2)
2.19 Late complications
885(8)
Gregory J Schmeling
Jason W Roberts
Emily L Exten
1 Avascular necrosis
885(1)
2 Late infection
886(1)
3 Nonunion
886(1)
4 Heterotopic ossification
887(3)
5 Posttraumatic osteoarthrosis
890(1)
6 Conclusion
891(1)
7 References
892(1)
2.20 Surgical management of delayed acetabular fractures
893(10)
Eric E Johnson
Devon M Jeffcoat
1 Anatomy
893(1)
2 Patient selection and indications
894(1)
3 Preoperative planning
894(1)
4 Surgical techniques
894(3)
5 Postoperative care
897(1)
6 Results
897(2)
7 Complications
899(1)
8 Conclusion
900(1)
9 References
901(2)
2.21 Late acetabular reconstruction
903(10)
Manyi Wang
Xinbao Wu
Shiwen Zhu
1 Introduction
903(1)
2 Indications
903(1)
3 Surgical treatment: potential problems
904(1)
4 Surgical algorithm
904(4)
5 Complications
908(1)
6 Results
909(2)
7 Conclusion
911(1)
8 References
912(1)
2.22 Malunion and nonunion
913(14)
Michel Oransky
Carlos Sancineto
Mario Arduini
1 Anatomy and classification
913(1)
2 Patient selection/indication
914(3)
3 Preoperative planning
917(1)
4 Operative technique
918(5)
5 Results
923(1)
6 Complications
924(1)
7 Conclusion
924(2)
8 References
926(1)
2.23 Results of treatment for fractures of the acetabulum
927
Martin D Bircher
1 Introduction
927(1)
2 Natural history: why operate?
927(2)
3 Historical results: methods of assessment and outcomes
929(2)
4 Letournel's results: the gold standard
931(2)
5 Summary of Letournel's results
933(3)
6 How do we improve outcomes in the 21st century?
936(1)
7 Conclusion
936(2)
8 References
938