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13 | (2) |
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15 | (2) |
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17 | (2) |
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19 | (10) |
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1.1 Why narrative discourse? |
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20 | (2) |
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22 | (1) |
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23 | (2) |
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25 | (1) |
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1.5 Organization of the thesis |
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26 | (3) |
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2 Bilingual narrative discourse ability: Theoretical Considerations and Empirical Findings |
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29 | (98) |
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2.1 Narrative Discourse Ability: From primary to secondary discourse ability |
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29 | (40) |
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2.1.1 Secondary Discourse Ability as a subcomponent of literacy |
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29 | (6) |
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2.1.2 Narrative discourse ability: From knowing to telling |
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35 | (2) |
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2.1.3 Sub-components of narrative discourse ability |
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37 | (1) |
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2.1.3.1 Content knowledge |
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38 | (2) |
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2.1.3.2 Contextual knowledge |
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40 | (1) |
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2.1.3.3 Macrostructural knowledge |
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41 | (4) |
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2.1.3.4 Linguistic knowledge |
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45 | (6) |
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2.1.3.5 The integration of sub-components of narrative discourse ability |
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51 | (4) |
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2.1.4 Task effects in children's narrative discourse productions |
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55 | (1) |
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2.1.4.1 General review of task effects in children's narrative productions |
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55 | (6) |
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2.1.4.2 Modality effects in children's oral and written narrative productions |
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61 | (8) |
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2.2 Narrative development in bilingual children -- an overview |
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69 | (34) |
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2.2.1 Characteristic Features of Bilingual Language development |
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69 | (1) |
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2.2.1.1 The distributed nature of bilingual experience: a source of bilingual language dominance |
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70 | (6) |
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2.2.1.2 The distributed nature of bilingual experience: a source of crosslinguistic interaction |
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76 | (5) |
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2.2.2 Literacy in bilingual development: Thresholds and Interdependencies |
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81 | (1) |
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2.2.2.1 Oral language thresholds in bilingual literacy development |
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81 | (3) |
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2.2.2.2 Crosslinguistic interdependence in bilingual literacy development |
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84 | (6) |
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2.2.3 Profile effects in bilingual narrative discourse ability |
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90 | (13) |
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2.3 Crosslinguistic analysis of measures of narrative discourse in English, German and Greek |
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103 | (15) |
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2.3.1 Narrative productivity |
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104 | (3) |
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107 | (1) |
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2.3.3 Syntactic complexity |
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108 | (2) |
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2.3.4 Character reference management |
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110 | (7) |
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117 | (1) |
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118 | (4) |
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2.5 Research Question and Hypotheses |
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122 | (5) |
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127 | (64) |
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3.1 Methodological considerations |
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128 | (8) |
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3.1.1 Across and within group comparisons |
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129 | (1) |
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3.1.2 Dealing with individual variability in bilingual language dominance |
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130 | (1) |
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3.1.2.1 Using questionnaires to estimate dominance of exposure |
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130 | (4) |
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3.1.2.2 Bilingual Index Score as a composite score of dominance in exposure |
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134 | (2) |
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3.2 Procedure, educational settings and participant profiles |
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136 | (17) |
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136 | (1) |
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3.2.2 Bilingual groups and educational settings |
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136 | (5) |
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141 | (1) |
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3.2.3.1 Overview of general background characteristics |
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142 | (2) |
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3.2.3.2 Age of onset of exposure and type of bilingualism |
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144 | (2) |
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3.2.3.3 Lexical proficiency profiles |
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146 | (3) |
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3.2.3.4 Bilingual Index Score |
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149 | (2) |
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3.2.3.5 Participants: Summary of group profiles |
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151 | (2) |
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153 | (32) |
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153 | (3) |
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156 | (4) |
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160 | (1) |
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3.3.3.1 Coding narrative productivity |
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161 | (1) |
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3.3.3.2 Coding verb diversity |
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162 | (1) |
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3.3.3.3 Coding syntactic complexity |
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163 | (4) |
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3.3.3.4 Coding character reference management |
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167 | (15) |
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3.3.3.5 Coding story grammar |
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182 | (3) |
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185 | (6) |
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191 | (98) |
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4.1 Narrative Productivity |
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191 | (6) |
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4.1.1 Narrative productivity across languages |
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193 | (1) |
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4.1.2 Narrative productivity across modes of production |
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194 | (1) |
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4.1.3 Correlations between the different conditions |
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194 | (2) |
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4.1.4 Narrative productivity: Summary of results |
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196 | (1) |
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197 | (10) |
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4.2.1 Verb diversity across languages |
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198 | (3) |
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4.2.2 Verb diversity across modes of production |
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201 | (5) |
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4.2.3 Correlations between the different conditions |
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206 | (1) |
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4.2.4 Regressions with bilingual language dominance (BIS) |
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206 | (1) |
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4.2.5 Verb diversity: Summary of results |
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207 | (1) |
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207 | (22) |
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4.3.1 Use of subordination |
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208 | (1) |
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4.3.1.1 Use of subordination across languages |
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209 | (2) |
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4.3.1.2 Use of subordination across mode of production |
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211 | (1) |
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4.3.1.3 Correlations between the different conditions |
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211 | (1) |
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4.3.1.4 Regressions with bilingual language dominance (BIS) |
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211 | (1) |
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4.3.1.5 Use of subordination: Summary of results |
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212 | (1) |
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4.3.2 Types of subordination |
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213 | (1) |
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4.3.2.1 Differences across types of subordinations |
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214 | (1) |
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4.3.2.2 Use of Complement clauses (C-CLs) across languages |
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215 | (1) |
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4.3.2.3 Use of adverbial clauses (A-CLs) across languages |
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216 | (2) |
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4.3.2.4 Types of subordinations: Summary of results |
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218 | (1) |
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4.3.3 Qualitative analysis of syntactic complexity |
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219 | (1) |
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4.3.3.1 Crosslinguistic differences in subordination |
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219 | (6) |
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4.3.3.2 Syntactic complexity interacting with dominance |
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225 | (3) |
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4.3.4 Syntactic complexity: Summary of results |
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228 | (1) |
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4.4 Character reference management |
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229 | (40) |
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4.4.1 Referential density of Character 1 (C1) and Character 2 (C2) |
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229 | (2) |
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4.4.1.1 Comparisons across characters |
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231 | (1) |
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4.4.1.2 Referential density across languages and modes of production |
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232 | (3) |
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4.4.1.3 Correlations between the different conditions |
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235 | (1) |
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4.4.1.4 Referential density: Summary of results |
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236 | (1) |
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4.4.2 Topic promotion - referential shifts from non-subject to subject |
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236 | (1) |
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4.4.2.1 NS-to-S-shifts across languages |
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237 | (4) |
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4.4.2.2 Mode effects on NS-to-S-shifts |
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241 | (1) |
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4.4.2.3 Referential shifts from non-subject to subject: Summary of results |
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241 | (1) |
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4.4.3 Form-function mappings in character reference management |
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242 | (1) |
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4.4.3.1 The use of HAMs and LAMs in character maintenance |
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243 | (1) |
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4.4.3.1.1 HAMs and LAMs in character maintenance across languages |
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243 | (3) |
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4.4.3.1.2 HAMs and LAMs in character maintenance across modes of production |
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246 | (2) |
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4.4.3.2 The use of HAMs and LAMs in character reintroduction |
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248 | (1) |
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4.4.3.2.1 Language effects on HAM-LAM distributions in character reintroduction |
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249 | (4) |
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4.4.3.2.2 Mode effects on HAM-LAM distributions in character reintroduction |
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253 | (2) |
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4.4.3.2.3 Correlations between individual conditions |
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255 | (1) |
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4.4.3.3 HAMs and LAMs in character maintenance and reintroduction: Summary |
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256 | (1) |
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4.4.4 Referential adequacy in form-function mappings |
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257 | (1) |
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4.4.4.1 Referential adequacy across languages |
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258 | (2) |
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4.4.4.2 Referential adequacy across modes of production |
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260 | (1) |
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4.4.4.3 Correlations between the different conditions |
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261 | (1) |
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4.4.4.4 Qualitative analysis of ambiguous referring expressions |
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261 | (6) |
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4.4.4.5 Referential adequacy in character reference: Summary of results |
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267 | (1) |
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4.4.5 Character reference management: Summary of results |
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268 | (1) |
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269 | (20) |
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4.5.1 Story grammar scores (SG-scores) |
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269 | (1) |
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4.5.1.1 SG-scores across languages |
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270 | (2) |
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4.5.1.2 SG-Scores across modes of production |
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272 | (1) |
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4.5.1.3 Correlations between the different conditions |
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272 | (1) |
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4.5.1.4 Regressions with dominance in exposure (BIS) |
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273 | (3) |
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4.5.1.5 Story grammar scores: Summary of results |
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276 | (1) |
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276 | (2) |
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4.5.2.1 Comparisons across types of SG-unit in oral mode of production |
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278 | (1) |
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4.5.2.2 Comparisons across types of SG-unit in written mode of production |
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279 | (1) |
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4.5.2.3 Types of SG-units: Summary of results |
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280 | (1) |
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4.5.3 Shared Story Grammar units |
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281 | (1) |
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4.5.3.1 Sharing of SG-units across modes and groups |
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282 | (1) |
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4.5.3.2 Sharing of SG-units across types |
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282 | (1) |
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4.5.3.3 Correlations between the different conditions |
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283 | (1) |
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4.5.3.4 Sharing of SG-units in relation to bilingual language dominance |
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283 | (3) |
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4.5.3.5 Shared SG-units: Summary of results |
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286 | (1) |
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4.5.4 Story Grammar: Summary of results |
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286 | (3) |
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289 | (54) |
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5.1 Hypotheses 1 and 2: Crosslinguistic sharing and dominance |
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290 | (24) |
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5.1.1 Narrative productivity |
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290 | (2) |
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292 | (3) |
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5.1.3 Syntactic complexity |
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295 | (4) |
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5.1.4 Character reference management |
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299 | (1) |
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5.1.4.1 Referential density |
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300 | (1) |
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5.1.4.2 Topic-promoting referential shifts |
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300 | (1) |
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5.1.4.3 Form-function mappings in character maintenance and reintroduction |
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301 | (3) |
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5.1.4.4 Referential adequacy |
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304 | (2) |
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5.1.4.5 Summary on character reference management |
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306 | (1) |
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307 | (1) |
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5.1.5.1 Story grammar scores (SG-scores) |
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307 | (1) |
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5.1.5.2 Types of SG-units and their sharing |
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308 | (2) |
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5.1.5.3 Summary on Story Grammar |
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310 | (1) |
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5.1.6 Crosslinguistic sharing and dominance: Summary |
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311 | (3) |
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5.2 Hypothesis 3: Modularity effects |
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314 | (11) |
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5.2.1 Modality effects in all bilinguals |
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314 | (6) |
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5.2.2 Modality effects in the weaker language |
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320 | (3) |
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5.2.3 Modality effects: Summary of findings |
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323 | (2) |
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5.3 Specific contributions of this study |
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325 | (12) |
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5.3.1 Crosslinguistic interdependence and sharing: Why the measure counts |
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327 | (2) |
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5.3.2 Crosslinguistic interdependence and sharing: Why dominance counts |
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329 | (1) |
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5.3.3 Bilingual narrative discourse ability: Why modality counts |
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330 | (2) |
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5.3.4 Bilingual narrative discourse ability: Why instruction counts |
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332 | (5) |
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5.4 Implications for educational practice |
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337 | (3) |
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5.5 Limitations of the study and future directions for research |
|
|
340 | (3) |
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343 | (4) |
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347 | |