Muutke küpsiste eelistusi

From Christopher Columbus to the Robber Barons: A Financial History of the United States 14921900 [Kõva köide]

  • Formaat: Hardback, 438 pages, kõrgus x laius: 246x174 mm, kaal: 453 g
  • Sari: Financial History of the United States
  • Ilmumisaeg: 06-Jun-2022
  • Kirjastus: Routledge
  • ISBN-10: 1032161043
  • ISBN-13: 9781032161044
Teised raamatud teemal:
  • Formaat: Hardback, 438 pages, kõrgus x laius: 246x174 mm, kaal: 453 g
  • Sari: Financial History of the United States
  • Ilmumisaeg: 06-Jun-2022
  • Kirjastus: Routledge
  • ISBN-10: 1032161043
  • ISBN-13: 9781032161044
Teised raamatud teemal:

Originally published in 2002, this is the first of three volumes in a history of finance in America. This volume covers the period from the 'discovery' of America to the end of the nineteenth century. It describes the status of finance in Europe at the time of Christopher Columbus' voyage to America. It then traces its transfer and development in America through the Revolution, into the Civil War and beyond to the speculative excesses occurring after that event.



Originally published in 2002, this book describes the finance in Europe that was available for transport to the American colonies. The work relates the development of the U.S. banking system, the creation and growth of the stock and commodity markets and the rise of the insurance industry.

List of Illustrations
xv
Preface xvii
Acknowledgments xix
Introduction xxi
Chapter 1 In the Beginning
1 The Antecedents: World Trade Before the Discovery of America
3(16)
Mercantilism
3(1)
Law and Finance
4(1)
The Birth of Money
4(1)
Bills of Exchange
5(1)
Ancient Derivatives
5(1)
Insurance
6(1)
Lending and Trade
6(1)
Finance in Spain at the Time of Columbus
7(1)
Finance in England Before the Discovery of America
8(4)
Ancient Rome and Renaissance Italy
12(3)
Finance Elsewhere in Europe Before Columbus
15(4)
2 The Colonization of America
19(11)
Finance in America Upon the Arrival of Columbus
19(1)
Europeans Arrive in the New World
20(1)
The English in North America
21(3)
Establishment of Permanent Colonies in America
24(6)
3 Commerce With the Colonies
30(13)
Regulation of Trade
30(1)
The Colonies Do Not Submit Meekly
31(2)
The Royal Colonies and the Board of Trade
33(2)
Economic Expansion
35(2)
Slavery and Finance
37(1)
Methods of Exchange
38(1)
The Export Trade
39(1)
America's Benefit to England
40(3)
4 Trade and Money
43(15)
Money in America
43(1)
Commodity Money
44(2)
Coins as Currency
46(2)
Paper Money
48(2)
Bills of Credit
50(3)
Fluctuations in Currency Values
53(2)
Monetary Problems
55(3)
5 Revolutionary Finance
58(17)
Revolution
58(2)
Financing Independence
60(6)
Dealing With Inflation
66(3)
Robert Morris
69(2)
The Morris Bank
71(4)
Chapter 2 A Nation Is Born
1 Independence
75(18)
The Articles of Confederation
75(1)
The Constitution
76(1)
The Fight Over Assumption
77(2)
Assumption Succeeds
79(1)
Assumption Leads to an Insider Trading Scandal
80(1)
Taxation With Representation
81(1)
Monetary Problems Continue
82(1)
Creation of a Mint
83(1)
Early Banking Development
84(2)
Banking Growth
86(1)
The Bank of North America
87(1)
Creation of a National Bank
88(2)
The Treasury Department and State Banks
90(1)
Money Shortages and Problems
91(2)
2 The Development of Corporations
93(15)
Stock Exchanges Are Formed
93(1)
Trading in London
94(2)
Stock Jobbers
96(1)
The South Sea Bubble
97(1)
The Bubble Bursts
98(2)
The Mississippi Bubble
100(1)
Speculation in America
101(1)
Land Companies
102(2)
Other Business Associations
104(1)
Commercial Corporations
105(1)
Corporate Growth
106(2)
3 The Rise of the American Stock Market
108(18)
William Duer
109(1)
The Duer Panic
110(1)
The Morris Failure
111(2)
Alexander Hamilton's Travails
113(1)
The Market Grows
114(1)
Speculation in Securities
115(1)
Trading in New York
116(1)
Securities Auctions
117(1)
Government Reaction to Speculation
118(1)
Speculation Continues Despite Concerns
119(1)
The Lotteries
119(1)
Securities Trading Expands
120(1)
The War of 1812
121(2)
Post-War Problems
123(1)
The NYSE Is Formed
123(1)
Insider Trading
124(2)
4 The Bank of the United States
126(15)
State Banks Jump Into the Void
127(1)
Banking Operations
128(2)
Currency Exchange
130(1)
Clearinghouses
131(1)
Banking Problems Grow
131(1)
Savings Banks and Other Intermediaries
131(1)
Currency Problems
132(1)
Bank Regulation
133(1)
A New National Bank
134(1)
The Second Bank
135(1)
State Taxes
136(1)
The Bank Affects the National Economy
137(1)
Currency Problems Remain
138(3)
Chapter 3 Finance Before the Civil War
1 The Bank Fight
141(13)
Nicholas Biddle
141(1)
Andrew Jackson
142(1)
Henry Clay Joins the Battle
143(1)
The Second Bank Loses the Fight
144(1)
The Pet Banks
144(1)
The Second Bank Reacts With Venom
145(1)
Jackson's Questionable
Victory
146(1)
Specie and Monetary Problems
147(1)
The Specie Circular
148(1)
The Panic of 1837
149(1)
Government Deposits
150(1)
Specie Suspensions
151(1)
The Independent Treasury System
151(1)
Currency Solutions Remain Elusive
152(1)
Shinplasters
153(1)
2 Stock Exchanges and Railroads
154(14)
Internal Improvements
154(1)
Corporate Development
155(1)
The NYSE
156(1)
Transfer Systems
157(1)
Brokerage Firms
158(1)
Trading Markets Expand
159(1)
NYSE Changes
159(1)
Margin Trading
160(1)
Jacob Little
161(1)
Short Sales and Manipulation
162(1)
Market Information
162(1)
Foreign Capital
163(1)
State Bonds
164(1)
Railroad Stocks
165(1)
London Investors
166(1)
Market Reversals
166(2)
3 The State Banks
168(13)
Banking Problems Grow
168(1)
The Suffolk System
169(1)
State Regulation
170(1)
Bank Regulation in New York
171(1)
Safety Funds
171(1)
State Involvement in Banking
172(1)
Private and State Banks
173(1)
Southern Banking
174(1)
Commercial Paper
175(1)
Banknotes
175(1)
Bank Branching
176(1)
Clearing and Settlement
177(1)
Checks
178(1)
Thrift Expansion
178(1)
More Money Problems
179(2)
4 Insurance in America
181(14)
Lloyd's of London
181(1)
Life Insurance
182(1)
Marine Insurance
182(1)
Fire Insurance
182(1)
Insurable Interest Requirement
183(1)
Annuities
184(1)
Other Forms of Insurance
184(1)
Marine Insurance in America
185(1)
Fire Insurance in America
185(1)
Mutual Insurance
186(1)
Annuities in America
187(1)
Life Insurance in America
188(1)
Tontine Schemes
188(1)
Term Insurance
189(1)
Insurance Company Growth
190(1)
MLIC and Other Companies
191(1)
The Great Fires
192(1)
Insurance Regulation
193(1)
Insurance Agents
193(2)
5 The Panic of 1857
195(12)
The Exchange Business
196(1)
Alexander Brown & Sons
196(1)
Express Services and Finance
197(1)
Financial Transactions Evolve
198(1)
Investment Standards Are Set for Trustees
198(1)
Gold Discoveries
199(1)
Finance in the West
200(1)
Trading Problems
200(1)
The Panic Begins
201(1)
Causes of the Panic
202(1)
Investment Banking
203(1)
Sectional Issues
203(4)
Chapter 4 The Civil War and Speculation
1 Union Finance
207(16)
Northern Financial Problems
208(1)
Wartime Measures
208(1)
Salmon P. Chase
209(2)
Jay Cooke
211(1)
Criticism of Cooke
212(1)
Financial Problems Mount
213(1)
Need for a National Currency
214(1)
Legal Tender Problems
215(2)
National Banks
217(1)
National Bank Regulation
218(1)
Branching and State Banks
219(1)
Wartime Costs
220(1)
Finances and Assassination
221(2)
2 Confederate Finance
223(18)
Confederate Taxes
223(3)
Money Troubles
226(1)
Borrowing to Finance the War
226(2)
Commodity Currency
228(1)
Confederate Notes
229(1)
Counterfeiting
230(1)
Currency Shortages
231(1)
King Cotton
231(1)
The Erlanger Loan
232(2)
Inflation
234(2)
Private Finance
236(1)
Confederate Finance Collapses
237(3)
Confederate Note Holders
240(1)
3 Wartime Speculation
241(10)
War and the NYSE
241(1)
Exchange Competition
242(1)
Gold and Oil Sales
243(1)
Country Trading
244(1)
Stock Market Communications
245(1)
Railroad Finances
246(1)
Stock Manipulations
247(2)
Foreign Investment During the War
249(1)
Peace Causes a Market Downturn
249(2)
4 The Robber Barons
251(14)
John Jacob Astor
251(1)
Stephen Girard
252(1)
Cornelius Vanderbilt
253(1)
Daniel Drew
254(1)
Skulduggery
255(2)
The Erie Gang
257(3)
The Erie Gang Splits Up
260(2)
Jay Gould
262(2)
The Robber Baron Creed
264(1)
5 Commodity Markets and the Gold Corner
265(14)
Derivatives in America
265(1)
Commodity Exchanges
266(1)
The CBOT
267(1)
Commodity Exchanges Proliferate
268(1)
The Gold Market
269(2)
The Ketchum Forgeries
271(1)
The Epic Gold Comer
272(2)
The Comer Is Broken
274(5)
Chapter 5 The Panics
1 Financial Growth and the Panic of 1873
279(18)
Growth of the Equitable
280(1)
Insurance Regulation
281(1)
Expansion of Coverage
282(1)
Consumer Credit
282(1)
Bank Failures
282(1)
Margin Transactions in Stock
283(1)
Certified Checks
284(1)
Lockups
284(1)
New Financial Figures
285(1)
European Investment
286(1)
Women Investors
287(1)
The NYSE
288(2)
The Credit Mobilier
290(1)
Underwriting Develops
291(2)
The Panic of 1873
293(2)
Money Market Concerns
295(2)
2 The Panic of 1884
297(13)
Speculation and Syndicates
297(2)
Reconstruction Finance
299(1)
Credit Agencies
299(1)
Stock Tickers and Transfers
300(1)
The Telephone Arrives
301(1)
The Panic of 1884
301(2)
Bank Runs
303(1)
Speculators Suffer
303(1)
Call Money
304(1)
Trading Activities
304(1)
Brown Brothers
305(1)
Traveler's Checks
306(1)
The Rothschild Investment Banking Firm
306(1)
Baring Brothers
307(1)
Fixed Income Instruments
308(2)
3 Commodity Markets and Bucket Shops
310(12)
Chicago Traders
310(1)
The Letter Comer
311(1)
Short Sellers
312(1)
More Chicago Exchanges Are Formed
313(1)
National Board of Trade
313(1)
Commodity Clearinghouses
314(1)
Oil Futures
314(1)
Futures Trading on Margin
315(1)
Futures Marketing
316(1)
Privileges
316(1)
Difference Trading
317(1)
Bucket Shops
318(1)
Gambling Transactions
319(1)
Speculation Has Advantages
320(1)
Congress Considers Legislation
320(1)
Regulation of Speculation in Germany Fails
320(2)
4 Investment Trusts and the Panic of 1893
322(17)
The French Credit Mobilier
322(1)
Investment Companies Expand
323(1)
American Investment Companies
324(1)
Investment Advisers
325(1)
Institutional Investors
325(1)
Business Structures
326(1)
Wirehouses
326(1)
Bernard Baruch
327(1)
Other Speculators
327(1)
Financing Industry
328(1)
NYSE Trading
328(1)
The Wall Street Journal
329(1)
The Panic of 1893
330(1)
The Money Market
331(1)
The "Great Depression"
331(1)
Railroad Finance
332(1)
More Panics
332(1)
Accountants
333(1)
Exchange Growth
334(1)
The Dow Jones Industrial Average Begins
335(1)
Financial Troubles Continue
335(1)
The Insurance Industry
336(3)
Chapter 6 Money and Wealth
1 Monetary Issues
339(12)
Resumption
339(1)
The Legal Tender Cases
340(1)
The Free Silver Movement
341(1)
Greenbackers
342(3)
Speculation in Bullion
345(1)
Coxey's Army
346(1)
Government Gold Stocks
347(1)
A Cross of Gold
348(1)
Monetary Commissions and Conferences
348(2)
Government Circulation and Taxes
350(1)
2 The Gilded Age
351(14)
The Wealthy Class
351(1)
Andrew Carnegie
351(1)
John D. Rockefeller
352(1)
The Standard Oil Trust
353(1)
Trusts and Pools
354(2)
Holding Company Legislation
356(1)
Merger Mania
356(1)
J.P. Morgan & Co.
357(2)
Speculators and Financiers
359(1)
E.H. Harriman
360(1)
International Finance
361(1)
Public Finance
361(1)
Government Regulation
362(3)
3 Money, Banks, and Trust Companies
365(14)
Dual Banking System
365(1)
Banking Giants
365(2)
Banking Regulation and Operations
367(1)
Checking
368(1)
Clearinghouses
368(1)
Money Markets
369(1)
Branch Banking
370(1)
Thrifts
371(1)
Commercial Paper
372(2)
Goldman, Sachs & Co.
374(1)
Other Money Market Instruments
374(1)
The Trust Companies
375(1)
Trust Company Regulation
376(3)
Conclusion 379(6)
Notes 385(18)
Selected Bibliography 403(12)
Name Index 415(8)
Subject Index 423
Jerry W. Markham is a professor of law at Florida International University in Miami, USA, where he teaches corporate and international business law.