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From Critical Thinking to Argument: A Portable Guide 6th ed. [Pehme köide]

  • Formaat: Paperback / softback, 464 pages, kõrgus x laius x paksus: 212x143x15 mm, Illustrations, color
  • Ilmumisaeg: 16-Oct-2019
  • Kirjastus: Bedford Books
  • ISBN-10: 1319194435
  • ISBN-13: 9781319194437
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  • Formaat: Paperback / softback, 464 pages, kõrgus x laius x paksus: 212x143x15 mm, Illustrations, color
  • Ilmumisaeg: 16-Oct-2019
  • Kirjastus: Bedford Books
  • ISBN-10: 1319194435
  • ISBN-13: 9781319194437
Teised raamatud teemal:
From Critical Thinking to Argument is a brief but thorough guide to argument at a great value.  This versatile text gives students strategies for critical thinking, reading, and writing and makes argument concepts clear through its treatment of classic and modern approaches to argument, including Aristotelian, Toulmin, and Rogerian argument, as well as visual rhetoric. For today’s increasingly visual learners who are challenged to separate what’s real from what’s not, new activities and visual flowcharts support information literacy, and an appendix of practical Sentence Guides helps students incorporate the moves of academic writers into their own arguments. With just eighteen readings, this affordable guide can stand alone or complement an anthology.
Preface iii
How From Critical Thinking to Argument
Supports WPA Outcomes for First-Year Composition
x
Part One From Critical Thinking To Argument And Research 1(334)
1 Critical Thinking
3(37)
Thinking through an Issue
4(6)
Analyzing and Evaluating from Multiple Perspectives
5(2)
Survey, Analyze, and Evaluate the Issue
7(2)
Obstacles to Critical Thinking
9(1)
Visual Guide: Evaluating A Proposal
9(1)
Anticipating Counterarguments
10(1)
Critical Thinking at Work: From a Cluster to a Short Essay
10(5)
Stirred and Strained: Pastafarians Should Be Allowed to Practice in Prison (student essay)
12(3)
Alexa Cabrera
Generating Ideas: Writing as a Way of Thinking
15(7)
Confronting Unfamiliar Issues
17(1)
Using Clustering to Discover Ideas
18(1)
Approaching an Issue (or an Assignment)
19(1)
Prompting Yourself: Classical Topics and Invention
20(2)
An Essay for Generating Ideas
22(5)
The Genetically Engineered Salmon Is a Boon for Consumers and Sustainability
22(2)
Nina Fedoroff
The Evan Pugh professor emerita at Penn State University argues in favor of GMO foods, citing genetically modified salmon as "tak[ ing] pressure off wild salmon and mak[ ing] salmon farming more sustainable."
Thinking Critically: Generating Ideas With Topics
24(1)
Thinking Critically About The Issue
24(3)
A Checklist For Critical Thinking
27(1)
A Short Essay Calling for Critical Thinking
27(6)
Fitbits for Bosses
28(5)
Lynn Stuart Parramore
An economic research analyst warns against the "brave new world of workplace biosurveillance."
Examining Assumptions
33(7)
A Checklist For Examining Assumptions
34(1)
The Military Has a Man Problem
35(5)
Helen Benedict
"For generations now, the debate over women in combat has put the onus on women to prove they can handle the infantry and other traditionally all-male units."
2 Critical Reading: Getting Started
40(45)
Active Reading
40(17)
Previewing
41(4)
A Short Essay For Previewing Practice
45(1)
Thinking Critically: Previewing
46(1)
Why I Changed My Mind on Weed
46(5)
Sanjay Gupta
"I had steadily reviewed the scientific literature on medical marijuana from the United States and thought it was fairly unimpressive...Well, I am here to apologize."
Reading with a Careful Eye: Underlining, Highlighting, Annotating
51(1)
Reading: Fast and Slow
52(3)
Defining Terms and Concepts
55(2)
Summarizing and Paraphrasing
57(4)
A Checklist For A Paraphrase
61(1)
Patchwriting and Plagiarism
61(3)
Strategies for Summarizing
64(12)
Critical Summary
67(2)
Visual Guide: Writing A Critical Summary
69(1)
A Short Essay for Summarizing Practice
70(1)
A First Amendment Junkie
71(5)
Susan Jacoby
A feminist argues against those feminists who seek to ban pornography.
A Checklist For A Summary
76(1)
Essays for Analysis
76(9)
Why the Pledge of Allegiance Should Be Revised (student essay)
76(6)
Gwen Wilde
A student concludes that "those who wish to exercise religion are indeed free to do so, but the place to do so is not in a pledge that is required of all schoolchildren and of all new citizens."
Executions Should Be Televised
82(3)
Zachary Shemtob
David Lat
"A democracy demands a citizenry as informed as possible about the costs and benefits of society's ultimate punishment."
3 Critical Reading: Getting Deeper into Arguments
85(51)
Persuasion, Argument, and Rhetorical Appeals
85(5)
Visual Guide: Evaluating Persuasive Appeals
86(3)
Thinking Critically: Identifying Ethos
89(1)
Reason, Rationalization, and Confirmation Bias
90(1)
Types of Reasoning
91(7)
Induction
91(1)
Deduction
92(1)
Premises and Syllogisms
92(6)
Some Procedures in Argument
98(23)
Definitions
98(6)
Assumptions
104(3)
Evidence: Experimentation,
Examples, Authoritative Testimony, and Numerical Data
107(8)
Thinking Critically: Authoritative Testimony
115(6)
A Checklist For Evaluating Statistical Evidence
121(1)
Nonrational Appeals
121(5)
Satire, Irony, Sarcasm
121(1)
Emotional Appeals
122(3)
Thinking Critically: Nonrational Appeals
125(1)
Does All Writing Contain Arguments?
126(2)
A Checklist For Analyzing An Argument
127(1)
An Example: An Argument and a Look at the Writer's Strategies
128(8)
The Reign of Recycling
128(8)
John Tierney
A journalist contends that "the recycling movement is floundering" and has gone beyond its originally good intentions to become an unsustainable and even counterproductive practice.
4 Visual Rhetoric: Thinking about Images as Arguments
136(41)
Uses of Visual Images
136(7)
Types of Emotional Appeals
138(5)
Seeing versus Looking: Reading Advertisements
143(6)
A Checklist For Analyzing Images
147(1)
Visual Guide: Analyzing Images
148(1)
Levels of Images
149(2)
Documenting Reality: Reading Photographs
151(3)
A Word on "Alternative Facts"
153(1)
Accommodating, Resisting, and Negotiating the Meaning of Images
154(3)
Are Some Images Not Fit to Be Shown?: Politics and Pictures
157(4)
An Argument on Publishing Images
158(3)
Writing about Political Cartoons
161(4)
Thinking Critically: Analysis Of A Political Cartoon
164(1)
A Checklist For Analyzing Political Cartoons
164(1)
An Example: A Student's Essay Analyzing Images
165(5)
The American Pipe Dream? (student essay)
165(5)
Ryan Kwon
Visuals as Aids to Clarity: Maps, Graphs, and Pie Charts
170(5)
A Word on Misleading or Manipulative Visual Data
172(1)
A Checklist For Charts And Graphs
173(2)
Using Visuals in Your Own Paper
175(2)
5 Writing an Analysis of an Argument
177(22)
Analyzing an Argument
177(11)
Examining the Author's Thesis
178(1)
Examining the Author's Purpose
179(1)
Examining the Author's Methods
180(1)
Examining the Author's Persona
181(1)
Examining the Author's Audience
182(2)
A Checklist For Analyzing An Author's Intended Audience
184(1)
Organizing Your Analysis
184(1)
Visual Guide: Organizing Your Analysis
185(1)
Summary Versus Analysis
186(1)
A Checklist For Analyzing A Text
187(1)
An Argument, Its Elements, and a Student's Analysis of the Argument
188(11)
For Environmental Balance, Pick Up a Rifle
188(3)
Nicholas D. Kristof
"Let's bring back hunting."
Thinking Critically: Examining Language To Analyze An Author's Argument
191(1)
The Essay Analyzed
191(2)
For Sound Argument, Drop the Jokes: How Kristof Falls Short in Convincing His Audience (student essay)
193(4)
Theresa Carcaldi
An Analysis of the Student's Analysis
197(1)
A Checklist For Writing An Analysis Of An Argument
198(1)
6 Developing an Argument of Your Own
199(45)
Planning an Argument
199(20)
Getting Ideas: Argument as an Instrument of Inquiry
200(1)
Three Brainstorming Strategies: Freewriting, Listing, and Diagramming
201(4)
Revision as Invention
205(1)
Asking Questions with Stasis Theory
206(4)
The Thesis or Main Point
210(2)
Thinking Critically: "Walking The Tightrope"
212(1)
A Checklist For A Thesis Statement
213(1)
Imagining an Audience
213(3)
Addressing Opposition and Establishing Common Ground
216(2)
A Checklist For Imagining An Audience
218(1)
Drafting and Revising an Argument
219(16)
The Title
219(1)
The Opening Paragraphs
219(4)
Organizing the
Body of the Essay
223(1)
Visual Guide: Organizing Your Argument
224(2)
Thinking Critically: Using Transitions In Argument
226(1)
The Ending
227(1)
Uses of an Outline
228(1)
A Checklist For Organizing An Argument
229(1)
Tone and the Writer's Persona
229(4)
We, One, or T?
233(1)
Thinking Critically: Eliminating We, One, And I
234(1)
A Checklist For Establishing Tone And Persona
234(1)
Avoiding Sexist Language
235(1)
Peer Review
235(2)
A Checklist For Peer Review
236(1)
A Student's Essay, from Rough Notes to Final Version
237(7)
Why I Don't Spare "Spare Change" (student essay)
240(4)
Emily Andrews
7 Using Sources
244(91)
Why Use Sources?
244(6)
Entering a Discourse
245(3)
Understanding Information Literacy
248(2)
Choosing a Topic
250(3)
Finding Sources
253(9)
Visual Guide: Finding Discourse On Your Topic
254(1)
Finding Quality Information Online
255(2)
Finding Articles Using
Library Databases
257(3)
Locating Books
260(1)
Thinking Critically: Using Search Terms
261(1)
Evaluating Sources
262(18)
Scholarly, Popular, and Trade Sources
264(2)
Evaluating Online
Sources
266(5)
Why Finding Reliable Internet Sources Is So Challenging
271(1)
A Word on "Fake News"
272(5)
Native Advertising and Branded Content
277(1)
A Checklist For Identifying Fake News
278(1)
Considering How Current Sources Are
279(1)
A Checklist For Evaluating Sources
280(1)
Performing Your Own Primary Research
280(5)
Interviewing Peers and Local Authorities
281(1)
Conducting Observations
281(1)
Visual Guide: Conducting Interviews
282(1)
Conducting Surveys
283(1)
Research in Archives and Special Collections
284(1)
Synthesizing Sources
285(1)
Taking Notes
286(1)
A Note on Plagiarizing
287(2)
A Checklist For Avoiding Plagiarism
289(1)
Compiling An Annotated Bibliography
289(1)
Quoting From Sources
290(6)
Visual Guide: Integrating Quotations
294(1)
Thinking Critically: Using Signal Phrases
295(1)
Documentation
296(1)
A Note on Footnotes (and Endnotes)
296(1)
MLA Format: Citations within the Text
297(3)
MLA Format: The List of Works Cited
300(12)
Books
303(2)
Articles in Periodicals
305(3)
Government Documents
308(1)
Interviews
308(1)
Online Sources
309(2)
Multimedia Sources
311(1)
APA Format: Citations within the Text
312(1)
APA Format: The List of References
313(6)
Sample References
315(1)
Books
315(1)
Articles in Periodicals
315(2)
Government Publications
317(1)
Online Sources
317(1)
Multimedia Sources
318(1)
A Checklist For Critical Papers Using Sources
319(1)
An Annotated Student Research Paper in MLA Format
319(9)
An Argument for Corporate Responsibility (student essay)
320(8)
Lesley Timmerman
An Annotated Student Research Paper in APA Format
328(9)
Does Ability Determine Expertise? (student essay)
328(10)
Hannah Smith Brooks
Part Two Further Views On Argument 335(78)
8 A Philosopher's View: The Toulmin Model
337(14)
Visual Guide: The Toulmin Method
338(1)
Components of the Toulmin Model
338(8)
The Claim
338(1)
Grounds
339(1)
Warrants
340(2)
Backing
342(1)
Modal Qualifiers
343(2)
Rebuttals
345(1)
Thinking Critically: Constructing A Toulmin Argument
346(1)
Putting the Toulmin Method to Work: Responding to an Argument
346(2)
The Locavore Myth: Why Buying from Nearby Farmers Won't Save the Planet
346(2)
James E. Mcwilliams
"The average American eats 273 pounds of meat a year. Give up red meat once a week and you'll save as much energy as if the only food miles in your diet were the distance to the nearest truck farmer."
Thinking with the Toulmin Method
348(3)
A Checklist For Using The Toulmin Method
350(1)
9 A Logician's View: Deduction, Induction, and Fallacies
351(46)
Using Formal Logic for Critical Thinking
351(1)
Visual Guide: Deduction And Induction
352(1)
Deduction
352(11)
Examples of Deduction
356(7)
Induction
363(7)
Observation and Inference
363(2)
Probability
365(3)
Mill's Methods
368(2)
Fallacies
370(27)
Fallacies of Ambiguity
373(3)
Fallacies of Presumption
376(5)
Fallacies of Irrelevance
381(2)
Additional Fallacies
383(2)
A Checklist For Evaluating An Argument With Logic
385(1)
Thinking Critically: Identifying Fallacies
386(1)
Love Is a Fallacy
387(10)
Max Shulman
A short story about the limits of logic: "Can you give me one logical reason why you should go steady with Petey Bellows?"
10 A Psychologist's View: Rogerian Argument
397(16)
Rogerian Argument: An Introduction
397(16)
Visual Guide: Rogerian Argument
399(1)
A Checklist For Analyzing Rogerian Argument
400(1)
Communication: Its Blocking and Its Facilitation
401(7)
Carl R. Rogers
A psychotherapist explains why we must see things from the other person's point of view.
Letter to a Southern Baptist Minister
408(5)
Edward O. Wilson
An internationally renowned evolutionary biologist appeals for help from a literalist interpreter of Christian Holy Scripture.
Appendix: Sentence Guides for Academic Writers 413(16)
Index 429