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viii | |
| Acknowledgments |
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ix | |
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List of French abbreviations |
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x | |
| Introduction |
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1 | (1) |
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1 Geometric and botanic simulation |
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1 | (25) |
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The probabilistic simulation of branching biological shapes: Cohen (1966) |
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13 | (1) |
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The epistemic functions of modular programming, simulation and visualization |
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13 | (5) |
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The first geometric and realistic simulation of trees (Honda-Fisher, 1971-1977) |
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18 | (2) |
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The limitations of morphometry and of thermodynamics of trees |
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20 | (1) |
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The first geometric simulation of an actual tree: Terminalia |
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21 | (3) |
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A recap of geometric simulation |
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24 | (2) |
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2 The logical model and algorithmic simulation of algae |
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26 | (19) |
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A botanist won over by logical positivism: the theory of lifecycles "by A. Lindenmayer (1963---1965) |
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26 | (3) |
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Unusable set of axioms and used set of axioms |
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29 | (1) |
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From logical theory to automata theory (1966--1967) |
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30 | (4) |
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The "developmental model" and the rules of rewriting (1968) |
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34 | (3) |
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The dispute with Brian Carey Goodwin regarding "natural" formalisms |
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37 | (4) |
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Recap: the computer as automata model and deductive machine |
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41 | (4) |
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3 The limitations of biometric models and the transition to simulation in agronomy |
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45 | (24) |
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The institutional and technical context of the IFCC (1966-1971) |
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45 | (2) |
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Transferring a little bit of econometrics to biometrics: a problem of optimization (1974) |
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47 | (2) |
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The first application of plant simulation in agronomics (1974-1975) |
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49 | (3) |
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Fragmented modelling and geometric simulation: de Reffye (1975-1981) |
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52 | (9) |
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Simulation, imitation and the sub-symbolic use of formalisms |
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61 | (8) |
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4 A random and universal architectural simulation |
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69 | (18) |
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Making headway in botany: the notion of "architectural model" (1966-1978) |
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70 | (2) |
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The search for botanical realism (1978-1979) |
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72 | (3) |
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Criticisms of theoretical models |
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75 | (5) |
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Criticisms of biometric models |
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80 | (3) |
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A mixed reception (1979-1981) |
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83 | (4) |
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5 Convergence between integrative simulation and computer graphics |
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87 | (15) |
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The relaunch of research into architectural simulation (1985-1991) |
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88 | (2) |
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Jaeger's thesis: the prefixed model and synthesis of botanical images (1987) |
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90 | (4) |
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Blaise's thesis: the simulation of bud parallelism (1991) |
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94 | (3) |
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How can an integrative simulation be validated? |
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97 | (5) |
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6 Convergence between universal simulation and forestry (1990-1998) |
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102 | (16) |
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An epistemological dispute between modellers: INRA and CIRAD |
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103 | (3) |
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Conceptual and institutional convergence: the CIRAD/INRA partner laboratory (1995) |
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106 | (2) |
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The empirical value of simulation |
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108 | (3) |
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111 | (7) |
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7 The remathematization of simulations (from 1998 onwards) |
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118 | (25) |
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The first mixed structure-function model: "water efficiency" (1997-1999) |
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119 | (3) |
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The parallel evolution of algorithmic simulation: 1984-1994 |
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122 | (7) |
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Simulating the individual plant in order to observe crop functioning (1997-2000) |
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129 | (1) |
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The association between A MAP and INR1A: sub-structures and factorization (1998-2006) |
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130 | (4) |
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Recap: pluriformalized simulation and convergence between disciplines |
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134 | (9) |
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8 Twenty-one functions of models and three types of simulations - classifications and applications |
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143 | (25) |
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General function, main functions and specific functions of models |
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144 | (4) |
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General characterization and classification of computer simulations |
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148 | (7) |
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System simulation, model simulation, system-simulation model and model-simulation model |
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155 | (3) |
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Applications to different plant models and plant simulations |
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158 | (10) |
| Conclusion |
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168 | (16) |
| Glossary |
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184 | (9) |
| Selected bibliography |
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193 | (19) |
| Index of names |
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212 | (6) |
| Index of subjects |
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218 | |
