This book explores cutting-edge advances in microfluidics and lab-on-a-chip systems that replicate human physiology at microscale. Merging engineering with biology, it highlights how microfluidic platforms and organ-on-a-chip models are transforming disease modeling, accelerating drug discovery, and enabling personalized, precision medicine. It emphasizes novel applications that overcome limitations of traditional in vitro and animal models, offering high-throughput, human-relevant insights for diagnostics and therapeutics. Ideal for researchers and students alike, this volume showcases emerging tools at the forefront of biomedical innovation.