Preface |
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xiii | |
1 Controllable Self-Assembly of One-Dimensional Nanocrystals |
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1 | (38) |
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1 | (1) |
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2 | (23) |
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2 | (5) |
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1.2.1.1 Geometrically Patterned Template |
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2 | (2) |
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1.2.1.2 Chemically Patterned Template |
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4 | (3) |
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1.2.2 Field-Driven Assembly |
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7 | (6) |
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1.2.2.1 Assembly under Electric Field |
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7 | (3) |
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10 | (2) |
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12 | (1) |
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1.2.3 Assembly at Interfaces and Surface |
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13 | (6) |
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1.2.3.1 Liquid-Liquid Interface |
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14 | (1) |
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1.2.3.2 Liquid-Air Interface |
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15 | (2) |
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1.2.3.3 Evaporation-Mediated Assembly on Solid Surface |
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17 | (2) |
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1.2.4 Ligand-Guided Assembly |
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19 | (21) |
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19 | (2) |
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1.2.4.2 Polymeric Species |
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21 | (2) |
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1.2.4.3 Biomolecular Ligand |
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23 | (2) |
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1.3 Properties and Applications |
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25 | (3) |
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1.4 Perspectives and Challenges |
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28 | (1) |
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29 | (10) |
2 Self-Assembled Graphene Nanostructures and Their Applications |
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39 | (36) |
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39 | (1) |
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2.2 State-of-the-Art Self-Assembly Strategies of Graphene Nanostructures |
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40 | (17) |
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2.2.1 Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) Method |
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40 | (2) |
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2.2.2 Layer-by-Layer (LbL) Assembly Method |
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42 | (1) |
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2.2.3 Flow-, Evaporation-, and Interface-Induced Self-Assembly |
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43 | (2) |
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2.2.4 Template-Directed Self-Assembly and Hydrothermal Processes |
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45 | (1) |
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2.2.5 Spin- and Space-Confinement Self-Assembly |
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46 | (3) |
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2.2.6 Composites with Carbon Nanomaterials |
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49 | (2) |
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2.2.7 Composites with Polymers |
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51 | (2) |
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2.2.8 Composites with Metal or Metal Compounds |
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53 | (4) |
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2.3 Applications of Self-Assembled Graphene Nanostructures |
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57 | (4) |
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2.3.1 Optoelectronics and Photocatalysis |
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57 | (2) |
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2.3.2 Electrochemical Energy Storage |
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59 | (1) |
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60 | (1) |
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61 | (1) |
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62 | (13) |
3 Photochromic Organic and Hybrid Self-Organized Nanostructured Materials: From Design to Applications |
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75 | (38) |
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75 | (1) |
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3.2 Photochromic Organic and Hybrid Nanoparticles |
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76 | (11) |
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3.2.1 Noble Metal Nanoparticles with Photochromic Molecules |
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77 | (4) |
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3.2.2 Fluorescent Nanoparticles with Photochromic Molecules |
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81 | (2) |
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3.2.3 Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles with Photochromic Molecules |
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83 | (4) |
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3.3 Photochromic Carbon-Based Nanomaterials |
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87 | (4) |
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3.3.1 Carbon Nanotubes with Photochromic Molecules |
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87 | (3) |
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3.3.2 Graphene Derivatives with Photochromic Molecules |
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90 | (1) |
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3.4 Photochromic Chiral Liquid-Crystalline Nanostructured Materials |
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91 | (9) |
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3.4.1 Cholesteric Liquid-Crystalline Superstructures |
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93 | (4) |
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3.4.2 Liquid-Crystalline Blue Phase Superstructures |
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97 | (1) |
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3.4.3 Liquid-Crystalline Microshells and Microdroplets |
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98 | (2) |
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3.5 Summary and Perspective |
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100 | (1) |
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101 | (1) |
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101 | (12) |
4 Photoresponsive Host-Guest Nanostructured Supramolecular Systems |
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113 | (52) |
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113 | (1) |
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4.2 Photoresponsive Supramolecular Polymers and Their Assemblies |
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114 | (34) |
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4.2.1 Supramolecular Interactions in the Main Chain |
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115 | (18) |
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4.2.2 Supramolecular Interactions in the Side Chain |
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133 | (6) |
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4.2.3 Supramolecular Complexations as Cross-Linkers between Branched Polymer Chains |
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139 | (1) |
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4.2.4 Photoresponsive Supramolecular Micelles, Vesicles, and Other Assemblies |
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140 | (8) |
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4.3 Photoresponsive Host-Guest Systems Immobilized on Surfaces |
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148 | (9) |
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4.4 Conclusions and Prospects |
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157 | (1) |
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157 | (1) |
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157 | (1) |
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158 | (7) |
5 π-Electronic Ion-Pairing Assemblies Providing Nanostructured Materials |
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165 | (38) |
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165 | (2) |
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5.2 Nanostructures Based on Self-Assembling π-Electronic Charged Species |
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167 | (8) |
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5.2.1 Formation of Nanofibers |
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167 | (5) |
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5.2.2 Formation of Nanotubes and Others |
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172 | (3) |
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5.3 Ionic Liquid Crystals Based on π-Electronic Charged Species |
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175 | (2) |
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5.4 Assemblies Based on Genuine π-Electronic Ions |
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177 | (7) |
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5.5 Ion-Pairing Assemblies Based on π-Electronic Anion-Responsive Molecules |
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184 | (9) |
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5.5.1 Solid-State Assemblies Based on π-Electronic Anion-Responsive Molecules |
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184 | (2) |
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5.5.2 Solid-State Assemblies of Receptor-Anion Complexes |
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186 | (1) |
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5.5.3 Ion-Pairing Supramolecular Gels |
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186 | (2) |
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5.5.4 Ion-Pairing Liquid Crystals Based on π-Electronic Charged Species |
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188 | (5) |
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193 | (1) |
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194 | (9) |
6 Stimuli-Responsive Nanostructured Surfaces for Biomedical Applications |
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203 | (44) |
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203 | (1) |
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6.2 Thin-Film Formation by Assembly on Surfaces |
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204 | (2) |
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6.3 Lithographic Techniques |
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206 | (3) |
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6.4 Electrically Driven Nanostructured Responsive Surfaces |
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209 | (7) |
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6.5 Photodriven Nanostructured Responsive Surfaces |
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216 | (6) |
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6.6 Thermo-Driven Nanostructured Responsive Surfaces |
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222 | (5) |
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6.7 Chemically Controlled Nanostructured Surfaces |
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227 | (7) |
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6.8 Concluding Remarks and Perspectives |
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234 | (1) |
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235 | (12) |
7 Stimuli-Directed Self-Organized One-Dimensional Organic Semiconducting Nanostructures for Optoelectronic Applications |
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247 | (60) |
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7.1 Introduction to Discotic Liquid Crystals |
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247 | (3) |
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7.2 Application of Columnar Phases in Organic Electronics |
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250 | (3) |
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7.3 Alignment of Col LC Phases through Different Stimuli |
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253 | (40) |
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7.3.1 Alignment Control by Molecular Design |
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255 | (7) |
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7.3.2 Alignment Control of Columnar Phase through Physical Methods |
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262 | (97) |
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7.3.2.1 Surface Treatment |
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262 | (4) |
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7.3.2.2 Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) Deposition |
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266 | (3) |
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7.3.2.3 Application of Self-Assembled Monolayers |
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269 | (4) |
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7.3.2.4 Application of Chemically Modified Surfaces and Dewetting |
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273 | (3) |
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7.3.2.5 Application of Sacrificial Layer |
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276 | (1) |
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7.3.2.6 Alignment in Nanopores and Nanogrooves |
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277 | (4) |
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281 | (1) |
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282 | (1) |
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7.3.2.9 Dip Coating, Solvent Vapor Annealing, and Solvent-Induced Precipitation |
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283 | (4) |
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7.3.2.10 Magnetic-Field-Induced Alignment |
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287 | (1) |
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7.3.2.11 Electric-Field-Induced Alignment |
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288 | (2) |
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7.3.2.12 Photoalignment by Infrared Irradiation |
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290 | (1) |
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7.3.2.13 Other Alignment Techniques |
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291 | (2) |
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7.4 Conclusions and Perspective |
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293 | (2) |
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295 | (12) |
8 Stimuli-Directed Helical Axis Switching in Chiral Liquid Crystal Nanostructures |
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307 | (52) |
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307 | (1) |
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8.2 Self-Organized Chiral Nematic LCs |
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308 | (3) |
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8.3 Field-Induced Helical Axis Switching: Dielectric/Magnetic Torque and Flexoelectric Effect |
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311 | (8) |
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8.4 Optically Driven Helical Axis Switching |
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319 | (9) |
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8.5 Confinement Mediated Helical Axis Change |
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328 | (11) |
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8.6 Helical Axis Switching in CLC Polymer Composites |
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339 | (6) |
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345 | (1) |
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346 | (13) |
9 Electrically Driven Self-Organized Chiral Liquid-Crystalline Nanostructures: Organic Molecular Photonic Crystal with Tunable Bandgap |
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359 | (24) |
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359 | (3) |
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359 | (1) |
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359 | (2) |
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9.1.3 Light Propagation in 1D Photonic Bandgap Medium |
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361 | (1) |
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9.2 Self-Assembled Photonic Crystals |
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362 | (4) |
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363 | (1) |
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9.2.2 Cholesteric Liquid Crystal |
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363 | (3) |
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364 | (1) |
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9.2.2.2 Nonchiral Liquid-Crystalline Phase |
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364 | (1) |
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9.2.2.3 Chiral Liquid-Crystalline Phase (Cholesteric) |
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365 | (1) |
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9.3 Electric-Field-Induced, Self-Assembled, Tunable Photonic Crystals |
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366 | (11) |
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9.3.1 Self-Assembled Tunable Opal |
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367 | (1) |
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9.3.2 Electric-Field-Induced, Self-Assembled, Tunable CLC |
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367 | (1) |
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9.3.3 Transverse-Electric-Field-Induced Tunable CLCs |
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368 | (3) |
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9.3.4 Polymer-Stabilized Tunable CLCs |
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371 | (2) |
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9.3.5 Lower Elastic Constant LC Host |
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373 | (1) |
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374 | (3) |
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377 | (1) |
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378 | (1) |
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378 | (5) |
10 Nanostructured Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Membranes for High-Temperature Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells |
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383 | (36) |
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383 | (3) |
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10.2 Nanostructured Nafion-Based Hybrid Membranes |
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386 | (8) |
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10.2.1 Nafion Hybrid Membrane Based on Metal Oxides |
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387 | (7) |
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388 | (3) |
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10.2.1.2 In situ Sol-Gel Method |
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391 | (2) |
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10.2.1.3 Liquid-Phase Deposition Method |
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393 | (1) |
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10.2.2 Nafion Hybrid Membrane Based on Proton Conductors |
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394 | (1) |
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10.3 Hydrocarbon Polymer-Based Hybrid Membranes |
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394 | (2) |
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10.4 Nanostructured PBI-Based Hybrid Membranes |
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396 | (8) |
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10.4.1 Addition of Non-proton Conductors |
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398 | (2) |
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10.4.2 Conductive Inorganic Fillers |
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400 | (45) |
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10.4.2.1 Functionalization of Inorganic Fillers |
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400 | (2) |
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10.4.2.2 Proton-Conductor-Incorporated Inorganic Fillers |
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402 | (2) |
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10.5 Alternative PA-Doped Hybrid Membranes |
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404 | (1) |
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10.6 Conclusions and Outlook |
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405 | (3) |
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408 | (1) |
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408 | (11) |
11 Two-Dimensional Organic and Hybrid Porous Frameworks as Novel Electronic Material Systems: Electronic Properties and Advanced Energy Conversion Functions |
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419 | (26) |
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419 | (3) |
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11.2 Electronic Function Control in Two-Dimensional Organic and Hybrid Porous Frameworks |
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422 | (2) |
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11.3 Electronic Functions in 2D Organic Frameworks and Applications |
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424 | (9) |
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11.4 Electronic Functions in Two-Dimensional Hybrid Porous Frameworks and Applications |
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433 | (4) |
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437 | (2) |
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439 | (1) |
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439 | (6) |
12 Organic/Inorganic Hybrid Nanostructured Materials for Thermoelectric Energy Conversion |
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445 | (40) |
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445 | (9) |
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12.1.1 Inorganic Thermoelectric Materials |
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447 | (2) |
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12.1.2 Organic Thermoelectric Materials |
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449 | (4) |
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12.1.3 Hybrid Thermoelectric Nanostructured Composites |
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453 | (1) |
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12.2 Organic/Inorganic Thermoelectric Nanostructured Materials |
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454 | (15) |
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12.2.1 PEDOT Hybrid Nanocomposites |
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455 | (3) |
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12.2.2 PANI Hybrid Nanostructured Composites |
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458 | (2) |
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12.2.3 CNT/Polymer Nanostructured Composites |
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460 | (7) |
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12.2.3.1 CNT/PVAc Composites |
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461 | (1) |
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12.2.3.2 CNT/PANI Nanostructured Composites |
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462 | (2) |
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12.2.3.3 CNT/PEDOT:PSS Nanostructured Composites |
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464 | (1) |
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12.2.3.4 CNT/Bi2Te3 Nanostuctured Composites |
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465 | (1) |
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12.2.3.5 Three-Component CNT Nanostructured Composites |
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465 | (2) |
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12.2.4 Other Hybrid Nanostructured Composites |
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467 | (53) |
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12.2.4.1 P3OT Hybrid Nanocomposites |
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467 | (1) |
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12.2.4.2 PTH Hybrid Nanocomposites |
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468 | (1) |
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12.2.4.3 PPy Hybrid Nanocomposites |
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468 | (1) |
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12.2.4.4 PC Hybrid Nanocomposites |
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468 | (1) |
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12.2.4.5 PHT Hybrid Nanocomposites |
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468 | (1) |
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12.2.4.6 PPT Hybrid Nanocomposites |
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468 | (1) |
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12.2.4.7 P3HT Hybrid Nanocomposites |
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468 | (1) |
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12.2.4.8 PA Hybrid Nanocomposites |
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469 | (1) |
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12.3 Surface-Transfer Doping of Organic/Inorganic Thermoelectric Nanocomposites |
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469 | (3) |
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472 | (1) |
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473 | (1) |
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473 | (12) |
13 Hybrid Organic-Nitride Semiconductor Nanostructures for Biosensor Applications |
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485 | (34) |
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485 | (2) |
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13.2 A1GaN/GaN Functionality and Active Region |
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487 | (4) |
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491 | (1) |
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13.4 Au-Linking and Thiol Group Employment |
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492 | (2) |
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13.5 Oxidation of Nitride Surfaces in Preparation for Functionalization |
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494 | (3) |
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13.6 Silanization of Oxidized Nitride Surfaces |
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497 | (3) |
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13.7 DNA Immobilization and Hybridization |
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500 | (4) |
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504 | (3) |
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507 | (4) |
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13.10 Summary and Outlook |
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511 | (1) |
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512 | (7) |
14 Polymer-Nanomaterial Composites for Optoacoustic Conversion |
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519 | (28) |
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519 | (1) |
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14.2 Optoacoustic Conversion in Nanomaterials |
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520 | (2) |
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14.2.1 Fundamentals of Optoacoustic Generation |
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520 | (1) |
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14.2.2 Heat Transfer from the Nanomaterial Absorber to the Surrounding Polymer |
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521 | (1) |
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14.3 Polymer-Nanomaterial Composite for Optoacoustic Conversion |
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522 | (9) |
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14.3.1 Polymer Materials with Light-Absorbing Carbon Fillers |
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522 | (5) |
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14.3.1.1 Carbon Nanotube (CNT) Composite |
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523 | (1) |
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14.3.1.2 Other Carbon-Based Composites |
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523 | (4) |
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14.3.2 Metal-Based Polymer Composites |
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527 | (4) |
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14.3.2.1 Polymer-Metal Nanoparticle Composites |
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528 | (1) |
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14.3.2.2 Polymer-Metal Film Composites |
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529 | (2) |
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14.3.3 Performance Comparison |
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531 | (1) |
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14.4 Applications of Optoacoustic Conversion in Nanocomposites |
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531 | (10) |
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14.4.1 Optoacoustic Generation of Focused Ultrasound for Therapeutic Applications |
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531 | (6) |
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14.4.2 Optoacoustic Generation in Polymer Composites for Ultrasound Imaging |
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537 | (2) |
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14.4.3 CNT-PDMS Composite for Real-Time Terahertz Detection |
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539 | (2) |
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14.5 Outlook and Future Direction |
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541 | (3) |
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14.5.1 New High-Efficiency Optoacoustic Composites with Mechanical Robustness |
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541 | (2) |
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14.5.2 New Optoacoustic Applications |
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543 | (1) |
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544 | (3) |
15 Functional Nanostructured Conjugated Polymers |
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547 | (28) |
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547 | (4) |
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15.1.1 Circularly Polarized Luminescence |
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547 | (1) |
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15.1.2 CPL in Conjugated Polymers |
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547 | (1) |
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15.1.3 CPL with High gem Using Selective Reflection Property of N*-LCs |
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548 | (1) |
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15.1.4 Dynamic Switching of CPL |
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549 | (1) |
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15.1.5 Chirality Transfer and Chiral Transcription |
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549 | (1) |
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550 | (1) |
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15.2 DiLCPAs with Blue and Green LPL |
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551 | (3) |
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15.2.1 Liquid Crystallinity of diLCPAs |
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552 | (1) |
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15.2.2 Linearly Polarized Luminescence of diLCPAs |
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553 | (1) |
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15.3 Lyotropic N* diLCPAs with Green CPL |
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554 | (4) |
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15.3.1 Liquid Crystallinity of diLCPAs |
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555 | (2) |
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15.3.2 Circularly Polarized Luminescence of diLCPAs |
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557 | (1) |
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15.4 Dynamic Switching of CPL by Selective Reflection through a Thermotropic N*-LC |
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558 | (3) |
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15.4.1 Preparation of N*-LC Cells |
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559 | (1) |
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15.4.2 Dynamic Switching of CPL |
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559 | (2) |
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15.5 Liquid-Crystallinity-Enforced Chirality Transfer from Chiral MonoLCPA to Achiral LCPPE |
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561 | (6) |
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15.5.1 Liquid Crystallinity of MonoPAs |
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563 | (2) |
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15.5.2 Chirality of MonoPAs |
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565 | (1) |
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15.5.3 Chirality Transfer from Chiral MonoLCPA to Achiral LCPPE |
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566 | (1) |
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15.6 Conclusions and Outlook |
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567 | (1) |
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568 | (1) |
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569 | (6) |
16 Nanostructured Self-Organized Heliconical Nematic Liquid Crystals: Twist-Bend Nematic Phase |
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575 | (48) |
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575 | (6) |
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575 | (3) |
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16.1.2 Twist-Bend Nematic (Ntb) Phase |
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578 | (3) |
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16.2 Characterization of Ntb Phase |
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581 | (2) |
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16.3 Ntb Phase in Different Classes of Liquid Crystal Compounds |
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583 | (21) |
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16.3.1 Ntb Phase in a Bent-Core Compound |
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583 | (2) |
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16.3.2 Ntb Phase in Dimers |
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585 | (15) |
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16.3.2.1 Methylene-Linked Dimers |
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585 | (9) |
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16.3.2.2 Ether-Linked Dimers |
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594 | (1) |
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16.3.2.3 Imino-Linked Dimers |
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595 | (2) |
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597 | (3) |
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16.3.3 Ntb Phase in Trimers |
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600 | (3) |
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16.3.4 Ntb Phase in Tetramers |
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603 | (1) |
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16.4 Ntb Phase in Mixtures |
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604 | (2) |
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16.5 Heliconical Cholesteric Phase |
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606 | (3) |
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609 | (1) |
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610 | (13) |
Index |
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623 | |